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Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.?

Rob
And I’m Rob.?

Neil
Do you enjoy your own company, Rob? Do you like being alone? Or do you prefer spending time with friends??

Rob
Well, recently I haven’t seen my friends much because of coronavirus – in fact, I’ve hardly seen anyone this past year!

Neil
It sounds like Rob has become a bit of a?hermit?– someone who lives alone and apart from society.

Rob
Yes, I’ve been forced to spend time alone – but it wouldn’t be my choice. I’d much rather be socialising and visiting friends.?

Neil
If, like Rob, the idea of being alone does not appeal to you, it might be hard to understand why anyone would choose to be a?hermit.?But some people do - and in this programme we’ll be hearing some of the reasons why.?

Rob
Throughout history and across all cultures, there have been people who choose to leave behind the life and people they know to live in isolation and silence.?

Neil
People like Christopher Wright – an American man who lived in complete isolation in the forests of Maine for nearly 30 years! When hikers diScovered his tent all they found was an alarm clock. So my quiz question is this: why did Christopher Wright, the hermit of the Maine woods, need an alarm clock? Was it:?

a) to remind him when to hide his tent?,
b) to frighten away wild animals?,? or
c) to wake him up at the coldest part of the night so he didn’t freeze to death??

Rob
Well, if he wanted to be alone so much I guess he needed to be invisible, so I’ll say a) to remind him to hide his tent.?

Neil
OK, Rob, we’ll find out the answer later. Christopher Wright may be an extreme example of someone seeking solitude, but there are many other motivations for becoming a hermit.?

Rob
Some people are looking for peace and silence, and for others it’s about being closer to God, focusing on what’s inside and finding a sense of joy.?

Neil
Meng Hu is a former librarian who now runs a website all about hermits. He says that in ancient times, many Chinese hermits seeking solitude were followers of the philosopher, Confucius.?

Rob
Here’s Meng Hu talking about Confucius to BBC World Service programme, The Why Factor:?

Meng Hu
His?dictum?was something like, ‘When the Emperor is good, serve. When the Emperor is evil, recluse’. And so over a thousand years at least there were a lot of?recluses,?a lot of educated men who simply couldn’t tolerate any more evil – they simply?dropped out?and they would migrate to small villages, to farms.?

Neil
Meng Hu mentions Confucius’s?dictum. A dictum is a short statement or saying which expresses some wise advice or a general truth about life.?

Rob
Confucius’s dictum advised that when the Emperor was evil, people should become?recluses?– people, like hermits, who live alone and avoid contact with others.?

Neil
In the interview, Meng Hu uses ‘recluse’ as a verb – to recluse - but this is very uncommon. A more modern way of saying this is, to?drop out?– to reject the normal ways society works and live outside the system.?

Rob
A bit like the hippies in the 1960s, you mean??

Neil
Right. Although most hippies weren’t looking for isolation, they did have something in common with hermits – the desire to challenge society’s rules and conventions.?

Rob
Someone who combines the hippie and the hermit is Catholic writer, Sara Maitland. Part of a long tradition of Christian hermits, Sara spent forty days and nights alone on the Isle of Skye, seeking God in the silence of the remote Scottish island.?

Neil
For her, the magic of silence is something to be embraced and taught to children. Here she explains more to BBC World Service’s, The Why Factor:?

Sara Maitland
Most people first encounter silence in?bereavement, in relationship breakdown and in death and that seems to be about the worst place to start. People say, ‘But what should we do?’ Never, ever use ‘Go to your room on your own’ as a punishment. You use it as a reward – ‘Darling, you’ve been so good all day, you’ve been so helpful, why don’t you go to your room for half an hour now and be on your own?’?A treat! A reward!?

Rob
Sara says that most people experience silence after a?bereavement?– the death of a relative or close friend.?

Neil
She also thinks that parents should never tell their children, ‘Go to your room!’ as a punishment. Instead, being alone should be a?treat?– a reward or gift of something special and enjoyable. That way, children learn that being alone can actually be enjoyable.?

Rob
I’m still wondering about that American, Christopher Wright – I suppose living alone in the woods was a treat for him…?

Neil
I suppose so - but why did he need an alarm clock??

Rob
Ah yes, your quiz question, Neil. I thought maybe it was to remind him to hide his tent. Was I right??

Neil
Well incredibly, Rob, the answer was c) to wake him up at the coldest part of the night so he didn’t freeze to death!?

Rob
That’s someone who?really?wants to be left alone! A?hermit?in other words, or a?recluse?– two ways of describing people who live alone and avoid others.?

Neil
OK, let’s recap the rest of the vocabulary, starting with?dictum?- a short saying often giving wise advice or expressing a general truth about life.?

Rob
People who?drop out?reject the normal rules of society and live outside the system.?

Neil
Many people experience solitude after a?bereavement?– the death of a close friend or relative.?

Rob
And finally a?treat?is reward or gift of something special and enjoyable.?

Neil
That’s all for now, but whether you’re listening alone or with others, we hope you’ll join us again soon, here at 6 Minute English.?

Rob
Don't forget - you’ll find us on our website or you can download our free app, so you won’t miss any of our programmes. And we are on all the main social media sites. Bye bye!?

Neil
Bye for now!