TED演講者：Juliet Schor / 朱麗葉·斯格爾

演講標(biāo)題：The case for a 4-day work week / 每周4天工作制試行的情況

內(nèi)容概要：The traditional approach to work needs a redesign, says economist Juliet Schor. She's leading four-day work week trials in countries like the US and Ireland, and the results so far have been overwhelmingly positive: from increased employer and customer satisfaction to revenue growth and lower turnover. Making the case for a four-day, 32-hour work week (with five days of pay), Schor explains how this model for the future of work could address major challenges like burnout and the climate crisis -- and shares how companies and governments could work together to make it a reality.

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家朱麗葉·斯格爾說(shuō)，傳統(tǒng)的工作方式需要重新設(shè)計(jì)。她正在美國(guó)和愛(ài)爾蘭等國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)每周4天工作制的試驗(yàn)，迄今為止的結(jié)果非常積極：從提高雇主和客戶(hù)滿意度到收入增長(zhǎng)和降低員工流失率。以每周工作4天、32小時(shí)(5天帶薪)為例，肖爾解釋了這種未來(lái)工作模式如何應(yīng)對(duì)職業(yè)倦怠和氣候危機(jī)等重大挑戰(zhàn)，并分享了企業(yè)和政府如何共同努力使其成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

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【1】I've been studying work since the 1980s, and I've never seen anything like what's happening today.

我從20世紀(jì)80年代 開(kāi)始研究工作機(jī)制, 我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)像今天這樣的情況。

【2】Pandemic-fueled anxiety is surging around the world.

大流行疫情引發(fā)的焦慮情緒 正在全球蔓延。

【3】In the US, more than half of all employees report feeling stressed a lot of the day.

在美國(guó),超過(guò)一半的員工表示 每天都感到壓力很大。

【4】Job quits are at record levels, running at four million a month.

辭職人數(shù)創(chuàng)歷史新高, 每月400萬(wàn)人。

【5】People are burning out.

人們精疲力竭。

【6】In response, a growing number of companies are offering a four-day, 32-hour week, but with five days of pay.

作為回應(yīng), 越來(lái)越多的公司提供每周工作4天、 32小時(shí)的工作時(shí)間, 但5天帶薪。

【7】Now, it's not a new idea, but the pandemic has turbocharged it.

現(xiàn)在,這不是一個(gè)新的想法, 但大流行疫情使其更加強(qiáng)勁。

【8】Employers are realizing that if they can rethink where people work, they can also rethink how many days they're on the job.

雇主們意識(shí)到, 如果他們可以重新考慮 員工的工作地點(diǎn), 他們也可以重新考慮 員工的工作天數(shù)

【9】Sounds pretty great, but is it realistic?

聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò),但現(xiàn)實(shí)嗎?

【10】Well, actually, yes.

實(shí)際上,是的。

【11】Unlike policies in which one party profits at the expense of another, the four-day week can benefit workers, companies and society, and it can even be a gateway for addressing climate change.

不同于以犧牲另一方利益 為代價(jià)的政策, 四天工作制有益于 員工、公司和社會(huì), 它甚至可以成為 應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的途徑。

【12】But first, let's talk about the workplace.

但首先,讓我們談?wù)劰ぷ鲌?chǎng)所。

【13】For nearly a decade, companies and governments have been experimenting with shorter hours with no cuts in pay.

近十年來(lái), 公司和政府一直在嘗試 在不減薪的情況下縮短工作時(shí)間。

【14】While the results do vary, the research shows that people are less stressed, value their jobs more and have better lives outside of work.

盡管結(jié)果有所不同, 研究均表明,人們的壓力更小, 更重視自己的工作, 在工作之外過(guò)更好的生活。

【15】In most cases, they are as productive in four days as they are in five.

在大多數(shù)情況下, 他們四天的工作效率 和五天一樣高。

【16】Companies can also see benefits through lower turnover and a higher-quality applicant pool.

企業(yè)也可以從較低的人員流動(dòng)率 以及更高質(zhì)量的申請(qǐng)者中獲益。

【17】Less burnout reduces health care costs, mistakes and poor service.

減少職業(yè)倦怠可以減少醫(yī)療成本、 差錯(cuò)和糟糕的服務(wù)。

【18】With colleagues, I'm studying four-day week trials now in progress in the United States and Ireland, with summer start dates for the UK, New Zealand and Australia.

我和同事們一起, 我們正在研究美國(guó)和愛(ài)爾蘭實(shí)行的四天工作制, 并將在夏天開(kāi)始對(duì)英國(guó)、新西蘭和澳大利亞的研究。

【19】We have thousands of employees participating.

我們有數(shù)千名員工參與其中。

【20】Healthwise, an education company, didn't wait for our trial to begin.

一家教育公司健康智慧, 沒(méi)有等到我們的試驗(yàn)開(kāi)始。

【21】In June, their employees were quitting in droves.

6月份,他們的員工紛紛辭職。

【22】By August, they'd implemented a four-day week.

到了8月,他們實(shí)施了 四天工作制。

【23】Six months later, CEO Adam Husney reports that people are dramatically happier and have never been more productive.

六個(gè)月后, 首席執(zhí)行官亞當(dāng).哈斯尼報(bào)告稱(chēng), 人們的幸福感顯著提高, 并且達(dá)到了前所未有的水平。

【24】Resignations and sick days are down, revenue has grown and customer satisfaction scores are outstanding.

辭職和病假減少了, 收入持續(xù)增長(zhǎng) 客戶(hù)滿意度得分也很高。

【25】Healthwise employees are spending their Fridays off doing family activities like sports or errands.

其員工會(huì)把周五的假期 花在家庭活動(dòng)上, 比如運(yùn)動(dòng)或其他瑣事。

【26】One mother of young children reported that now she can occasionally manage a guilt-free pedicure.

一位有小孩的母親說(shuō),現(xiàn)在她偶爾可以做一次沒(méi)有負(fù)罪感的足療。

【27】The four-day week can help with self-care and managing the daily stresses of systemic racism, sexism and classism.

四天工作制有助于自我護(hù)理 管理日常的系統(tǒng)性種族主義、 性別歧視和階級(jí)歧視的壓力。

【28】Now a key part of the model is that in return for the gift of a day off, people are willing to squeeze all their productivity into four days.

這個(gè)模式的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分是, 作為一日假期禮物的回報(bào), 人們?cè)敢獍阉械纳a(chǎn)力 都擠在四天里。

【29】So while they may be spending less time at work, they're not necessarily doing less work.

所以,雖然他們?cè)诠ぷ魃?花的時(shí)間可能更少, 他們做的工作不一定更少。

【30】The secret sauce is work reorganization, cutting out the least productive activities.

秘訣是工作重組, 放棄那些效率最低的活動(dòng)。

【31】Meetings are a prime target.

會(huì)議是一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)。

【32】Yes, I see everyone nodding.

是的,我看到大家都在點(diǎn)頭。

【33】Most companies reduce their frequency and length and the number of attendees.

大多數(shù)公司會(huì)減少 出席會(huì)議的頻率、時(shí)間和人數(shù)。

【34】At Healthwise, people save time by messaging colleagues rather than making phone calls, which inevitably includes some social chatting.

在健康智慧, 人們通過(guò)給同事發(fā)信息 而不是打電話來(lái)節(jié)省時(shí)間, 因?yàn)殡娫挷豢杀苊獾?包括一些社交聊天。

【35】They shifted personal tasks, like doctor's appointments, to the off-day.

他們會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移個(gè)人任務(wù), 比如看醫(yī)生, 在休息日完成。

【36】And yes, the pace of work at the office does go up.

是的,辦公室的工作節(jié)奏 確實(shí)提高了。

【37】'"Let's be honest," one explained, "I'm not goofing off or looking at Facebook, which I was."

“老實(shí)說(shuō),”其中一人解釋道, “我不像過(guò)去一樣,不是在偷懶, 也不是在看臉書(shū)。”

【38】But people have adapted and they prefer getting their downtime as a whole day off rather than in snippets.

但人們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了, 他們更喜歡一整天的休息, 而不是零碎的休息。

【39】Government initiatives have similar findings.

政府的倡議也有類(lèi)似的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【40】In 2015, the city of Reykjavik and then the National Government of Iceland started offering 36 and 35-hour weeks, eventually enrolling more than 2,500 employees.

2015年,雷克雅未克市 然后是冰島國(guó)民政府 開(kāi)始提供每周 36到35小時(shí)的工作, 最終招募2500多名員工。

【41】The results have been remarkable.

結(jié)果是顯著的。

【42】Physical and mental stress went down while work ethic, job satisfaction, work-life balance, energy levels, all improved.

身體和精神壓力都下降了, 而職業(yè)道德、工作滿意度、 工作與生活的平衡、 精力水平都提高了。

【43】Productivity and service quality stayed the same or got better, and the trial was revenue-neutral.

生產(chǎn)率和服務(wù)質(zhì)量 保持不變或有所改善, 而且這個(gè)試驗(yàn)的收入是中性的。

【44】Today, roughly 85 percent of all Icelandic employees are either on or eligible for these schedules.

如今,大約85%的冰島員工 都正在享受或有資格 享受這些時(shí)間表。

【45】The governments of Spain and Scotland have announced four-day week trials in which they'll be subsidizing the fifth day's pay.

西班牙和蘇格蘭政府宣布 試行四天工作制, 他們將補(bǔ)貼第5天的工資。

【46】Now one reason for these successes is that with reduced work time, each hour typically becomes more productive.

這些成功的一個(gè)原因是, 隨著工作時(shí)間的減少, 每個(gè)小時(shí)通常會(huì)變得更有效率。

【47】Norway and Denmark, the two European countries with the shortest average hours of work at about 1,380, have outsized productivity.

挪威和丹麥, 這兩個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家平均工作時(shí)間最短, 約為1380小時(shí), 有巨大的生產(chǎn)力。

【48】France and Germany are similar.

法國(guó)和德國(guó)的情況類(lèi)似。

【49】In contrast, the long-hours countries like the UK and Italy have much, much lower productivity.

相比之下, 英國(guó)和意大利等工作時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的國(guó)家, 其生產(chǎn)率要低得多。

【50】The US historically led the world in productivity and would likely do better now if its work time weren't so high.

美國(guó)的生產(chǎn)力歷來(lái)領(lǐng)先世界, 如果工作時(shí)間不那么長(zhǎng), 現(xiàn)在可能會(huì)做得更好。

【51】While tech firms comprise the biggest group adopting four-day reduced hours schedules, companies are also making the switch in banking, PR, marketing and design, nonprofits, consumer goods, even a restaurant chain.

雖然采用縮短工作時(shí)間4天工作制的 企業(yè)中,科技公司是最大的群體, 隨著銀行、公關(guān)、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)和設(shè)計(jì)、 非營(yíng)利組織、消費(fèi)品, 甚至是連鎖餐廳的企業(yè) 也在進(jìn)行這種轉(zhuǎn)變。

【52】But it's also true that doing 100 percent of the work in 80 percent of the time isn't feasible everywhere.

但同樣的事實(shí)是, 在80%的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成100%的工作 并不是在任何地方都可行的。

【53】Manufacturing was sped up decades ago.

制造業(yè)在幾十年前就加快了速度。

【54】Many teachers and flight attendants need to slow down, not intensify.

許多教師和空乘人員需要放慢腳步, 而不是加強(qiáng)力度。

【55】And of course, health care workers on the front lines of the pandemic need to work less, not more.

當(dāng)然,在大流行前線的醫(yī)護(hù)人員 需要減少工作, 而不是增加工作。

【56】Thank you, health care workers.

謝謝你們,醫(yī)護(hù)人員。

【57】Here, another government effort is instructive.

在這方面,政府的另一項(xiàng)努力 具有啟發(fā)性。

【58】In 2014, the city of Gothenburg in Sweden gave nurses at one of its facilities a six-hour day.

2014年,瑞典哥德堡市為護(hù)士 提供了每天6小時(shí)的工作時(shí)間。

【59】As expected, the nurses' health and overall well-being improved, as did productivity and patient care.

正如預(yù)期的那樣,護(hù)士的健康 和整體福祉得到了改善, 生產(chǎn)力和病人護(hù)理也得到了改善。

【60】But in this trial, they hired new staff for the hours that weren't being covered.

但在這個(gè)試驗(yàn)中, 他們雇傭了新員工來(lái)處理 那些沒(méi)有被覆蓋的時(shí)間。

【61】The striking finding was how much lower sick pay and unemployment benefits helped offset those additional salaries.

令人震驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)是, 較低的病假工資和失業(yè)福利 在多大程度上抵消了這些額外工資。

【62】Now the Swedish case raises a bigger, more existential question.

現(xiàn)在,瑞典的案例引發(fā)了一個(gè)更大、 更關(guān)乎生死存亡的問(wèn)題。

【63】How much time should we be dedicating to work?

我們應(yīng)該投入多少時(shí)間在工作上?

【64】In many countries, jobs are getting more, not less demanding.

在許多國(guó)家, 工作崗位要求越來(lái)越高, 而不是越來(lái)越低。

【65】And scarcity thinking, the idea that even rich countries need to tighten their belts, has taken hold.

稀缺性思維, 即使是富裕國(guó)家 也需要勒緊褲腰帶的想法, 已經(jīng)站穩(wěn)了腳跟。

【66】But really, we should be heading in the opposite direction as digitization and artificial intelligence offer the chance to reduce work time.

但實(shí)際上, 隨著數(shù)字化和人工智能 提供了減少工作時(shí)間的機(jī)會(huì), 我們應(yīng)該朝著相反的方向前進(jìn)。

【67】Amid pandemic fatigue, we should be doubling down on restoring the quality of life and our social fabric, especially in wealthy countries where we already produce enough for everyone to have a good standard of living.

在大流行期間, 我們應(yīng)該加倍努力恢復(fù)生活質(zhì)量 和我們的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu), 特別是在富裕國(guó)家, 我們已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)了足以讓每個(gè)人 都過(guò)上良好生活的產(chǎn)品。

【68】And this path has the added benefit of addressing the climate crisis.

這條道路還有 解決氣候危機(jī)的額外好處。

【69】'"How so," you may ask.

你可能會(huì)問(wèn):“怎么會(huì)呢?”

【70】Well, with the four-day week, there's the obvious impact of less commuting.

在四天工作周中, 通勤時(shí)間的減少有明顯的影響。

【71】But if we use productivity growth to continue to reduce hours of work just by a couple of percent a year, we can create a longer-term dynamic of decarbonization.

但是,如果我們利用生產(chǎn)力的增長(zhǎng), 繼續(xù)每年減少百分之幾的工作時(shí)間, 我們就可以創(chuàng)造 一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的動(dòng)態(tài)脫碳。

【72】Research by me and others has shown this time and again across countries, across states, across households.

我和其他人的研究一次又一次地 在不同國(guó)家、不同州、 不同家庭中證明了這一點(diǎn)。

【73】One reason is that when people are time-stressed, they tend to choose faster and more polluting modes of travel and daily life activities.

原因之一是,當(dāng)人們時(shí)間緊張時(shí), 他們傾向于選擇更快、污染更嚴(yán)重的 出行方式和日常生活活動(dòng)。

【74】In contrast, when people get time rather than money, they tend to have a lower carbon footprint.

相比之下, 當(dāng)人們有時(shí)間而不是金錢(qián)時(shí), 他們往往會(huì)有更低的碳足跡。

【75】But the bigger reason has to do with the size of the economy.

但更重要的原因與經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模有關(guān)。

【76】By opting to work less, countries are choosing not to expand production to its max, thereby avoiding additional emissions.

通過(guò)選擇減少工作, 各國(guó)選擇不將產(chǎn)量擴(kuò)大到最大, 從而避免了額外的排放。

【77】Carbon success stories like Germany and Denmark tend to have low annual hours.

像德國(guó)和丹麥這樣在碳排放方面取得成功的國(guó)家, 其年工作時(shí)間往往較低。

【78】France and the Netherlands are also low on both carbon and work time.

法國(guó)和荷蘭的碳排放 和工作時(shí)間都很低。

【79】The four-day week is a down payment on a new way to live and work.

四天工作周是一種新的生活 和工作方式的首付。

【80】And yes, we're going to need government help if we're going to move beyond the innovative companies that already see its virtues.

是的,如果我們要超越 已經(jīng)看到其優(yōu)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新公司的數(shù)量, 我們將需要政府的幫助。

【81】But as the three-day weekend spreads, we can realize everyone deserves a right to free time.

但隨著為期三天的周末的蔓延, 我們可以意識(shí)到每個(gè)人 都應(yīng)該有自由時(shí)間的權(quán)利。

【82】And that brings the logic of a universal basic income squarely into view.

這就把全民基本收入的邏輯 直接帶入了視野。

【83】Because without financial support, low-earners can't afford to take that fifth day off.

因?yàn)槿绻麤](méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)支持, 低收入者就無(wú)法享受第5天的假期。

【84】There's a lot of talk these days about the future of work and the opportunities that it offers.

現(xiàn)在有很多人在談?wù)摴ぷ鞯奈磥?lái) 以及它所提供的機(jī)會(huì)。

【85】But there's more at stake here than opportunity.

但這里有比機(jī)會(huì)更重要的東西。

【86】We have an imperative.

我們有一個(gè)命當(dāng)務(wù)之急

【87】An imperative to face the challenges of our current moment.

即我們必須面對(duì)當(dāng)前的挑戰(zhàn)。

【88】The pandemic, burnout and depression, inequalities of race and income, the climate crisis.

流行病、倦怠和抑郁, 種族和收入的不平等, 氣候危機(jī)。

【89】A four-day week addresses each one of these.

四天工作周解決了 上述每一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

【90】For now, we're starting company by company.

現(xiàn)在,我們正在一家一家地開(kāi)始。

【91】But as momentum builds and it becomes universal, we'll have made the transition from scarcity thinking to appreciating the true wealth that we possess.

但隨著動(dòng)力的建立,它變得普遍, 我們將從稀缺思維 過(guò)渡到欣賞我們所擁有的真正財(cái)富。

【92】Our ingenuity, our compassion and our humanity.

我們的聰明才智, 我們的同情心 和我們的人性。

【93】Thank you.

謝謝你！

【94】Helen Walters: Juliet, thank you so much.

海倫.沃爾特斯:“朱麗葉, 非常感謝你。”

【95】I have a very practical question for you.

我有一個(gè)非常實(shí)際的問(wèn)題要問(wèn)你。

【96】So you mentioned in the talk that people were taking Friday off.

你在演講中提到人們周五休假。

【97】Is the recommendation that people all take the same day off, or is this something that people can take, kind of, any day they want off?

是建議所有人都在同一天休假, 還是說(shuō)這是人們可以在 任何一天休假的建議?

【98】What's the ideal mechanism to have in place here?

這里理想的機(jī)制是什么?”

【99】JS: Every company does it the way that works for them.

朱:“每個(gè)公司都以 適合自己的方式來(lái)做這件事。

【100】And that's one of the things in our trial.

這是我們?cè)囼?yàn)的內(nèi)容之一。

【101】We do coaching, and we work with the companies before they start to figure out are they a company that can shut down for one day?

我們提供指導(dǎo),我們與這些公司合作, 在他們開(kāi)始弄清楚他們是一家 可以關(guān)閉一天的公司之前?

【102】Do they need to have 24/7, you know, customer service available?

他們需要全天候的客戶(hù)服務(wù)嗎?

【103】So really, it depends, and we're seeing every type.

所以,我們就每一種類(lèi)型, 視情況而定?！?/p>

【104】HW: Juliet, thank you so much.

海:“朱麗葉,非常感謝你?！?/p>