兒童近視率上升的原因是什么？本文就現(xiàn)代生活方式對(duì)兒童視力的影響，以及矯正兒童視力的解決方案展開討論。

詞匯：eye health 眼部健康

How's your?eyesight? From the moment we're born, our eyes grow, our?vision?becomes clearer and some of us will have normal or even?20:20 vision. However, others will become?short-sighted?and end up?wearing?glasses?or?contact lenses?to help them see everything clearly. And some experts claim that more of us will be wearing them in the future because of our lifestyle when we were younger.

你的視力怎么樣?從我們出生的那一刻起，我們的眼睛就在成長(zhǎng)，我們的視力變得更加清晰，我們中的一些人會(huì)有正常的甚至20:20的視力。然而，有些人會(huì)變得近視，最終戴上眼鏡或隱形眼鏡來幫助他們看清楚一切。一些專家稱，由于我們年輕時(shí)的生活方式，未來會(huì)有更多的人戴眼鏡。

Even today,?optometrists?are reporting a rise in short-sightedness – also called?myopia?– in children. The condition can be?genetic, but it's also partly being blamed on a number of modern-day factors – particularly children staring at phone screens, computers and game consoles for long periods of time. It's believed myopia also makes them susceptible to?secondary eye conditions?such as?glaucoma,?retinal detachment?and other?visual impairments?later in life.

即使在今天，驗(yàn)光師也報(bào)告說，兒童近視(也叫近視)的人數(shù)在增加。這種情況可能是遺傳的，但也部分歸咎于許多現(xiàn)代因素——特別是兒童長(zhǎng)時(shí)間盯著手機(jī)屏幕、電腦和游戲機(jī)。據(jù)信，近視還會(huì)使他們?cè)谝院蟮纳钪腥菀谆忌侠^發(fā)性眼部疾病，如青光眼、視網(wǎng)膜脫離和其他視覺障礙。

Of course, children have had increased?screen time?due to lockdowns imposed during the Covid pandemic – it's been the only way to access education and communicate with others. But education generally could be blamed for the rise in myopia. Neema Ghorbani-Mojarrad, lecturer at the University of Bradford, told BBC Future website: "We suspect it is reading and spending more time indoors. Every year of education completed increases the expected amount of short-sightedness."

當(dāng)然，由于Covid - 19大流行期間實(shí)施的封鎖，孩子們的屏幕時(shí)間增加了——這是接受教育和與他人交流的唯一方式。但近視人數(shù)的上升通?？梢詺w咎于教育。布拉德福德大學(xué)講師Neema Ghorbani-Mojarrad在接受BBC Future網(wǎng)站采訪時(shí)表示:“我們懷疑原因是閱讀和花更多時(shí)間呆在室內(nèi)。完成教育的每一年都會(huì)增加近視的預(yù)期數(shù)量。”

The problem appears to be more severe in some Asian countries. Some experts say that in these places with huge educational success, children spend more time indoors studying. Therefore, it seems, spending more time outdoors could be good for children's eye health. The UK's College of Optometrists is suggesting parents should get their kids playing outside for two hours a day. Several scientific studies show this can prevent or stop the development of myopia.

這個(gè)問題在一些亞洲國(guó)家似乎更為嚴(yán)重。一些專家表示，在這些教育取得巨大成功的地方，孩子們花更多的時(shí)間在室內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)。因此，花更多的時(shí)間在戶外可能對(duì)孩子的眼睛健康有好處。英國(guó)驗(yàn)光師學(xué)院建議家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該讓孩子每天在戶外玩兩個(gè)小時(shí)。一些科學(xué)研究表明，這可以預(yù)防或阻止近視的發(fā)展。

There's been a focus on using technology, such as?laser surgery, for fixing myopia, but for children at least, it seems a dose of daylight and a break from the screen might be part of the solution.?Opticians?also recommend kids have regular?eye tests?to identify any problems before they become more severe.

人們一直致力于使用技術(shù)手段，如激光手術(shù)，來治療近視，但至少對(duì)兒童來說，似乎一劑陽光和遠(yuǎn)離屏幕可能是解決方案的一部分。驗(yàn)光師還建議孩子們定期做視力檢查，在問題變得更嚴(yán)重之前發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。

詞匯表

eyesight 視力
vision 視力，視覺
20:20 vision 正常裸眼視力
short-sighted 近視的
wear glasses 戴眼鏡
wear contact lenses 戴隱形眼鏡
optometrist 驗(yàn)光師，配鏡師
myopia 近視
genetic 基因遺傳的
secondary eye condition 繼發(fā)性眼病
glaucoma 青光眼
retinal detachment 視網(wǎng)膜脫離
visual impairment 視覺障礙
screen time （看電視、電腦、手機(jī)等的）屏幕時(shí)間
laser surgery 激光手術(shù)
optician 配鏡師，眼鏡銷售員
eye test 視力測(cè)試

測(cè)驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. Give a modern-day factor that might cause children to be short-sighted.

2. True or false??Spending time indoors can be bad for children's eyesight.

3. True or false??Spending fewer years in education means you are more likely to develop short-sightedness.

4. Why do some experts suggest countries with huge educational success have more short-sighted children?

5. What should children do to help identify any eye problems before they become more severe?

2. 選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. The fact that everyone in the family is tall must be _______.

genes????????????????????????????? genetical? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?genetic? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? genetics

2. You need to cut down on your _______ and go out for a walk.

eyesight????????????????????????? glaucoma? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?screen time? ? ? ? ? ? ?glasses

3. We need to _______ on the current task before trying to do the next one!

focus?????????????????????????????? focussing? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?focuss? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? focussed

4. I think I must be _______ – I can't read the road sign without my glasses.

visual impairment ? ? ? ? ? myopia? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?20:20 vision? ? ? ? ? ? ?short-sighted

5. The _______ has prescribed me a new pair of glasses.

eye health? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eye test? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?optician? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? glaucoma

答案

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. Give a modern-day factor that might cause children to be short-sighted.
Children staring at phone screens, computers and games consoles for long?periods of time might cause them to become short-sighted.

2. True or false??Spending time indoors can be bad for children's eyesight.
True.?The UK's College of Optometrists suggest children being outside for two hours a day is proven to prevent or stop the development of myopia.

3. True or false??Spending?fewer years in education means you are more likely to?develop short-sightedness.
False. Neema Ghorbani-Mojarrad, lecturer at the University of Bradford, said?"Every year of education completed increases the expected amount of short-sightedness."

4. Why do some experts suggest countries with huge educational success have more short-sighted children?
Because children spend more time indoors studying.

5. What should children do to help identify any eye problems before they become more severe?
Opticians recommend children have regular eye tests to identify any problems before they become more severe.

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. The fact that everyone in the family is tall must be?genetic.

2. You need to cut down on your?screen time?and go out for a walk.

3. We need to?focus?on the current task before trying to do the next one!

4. I think I must be?short-sighted?– I can't read the road sign without my glasses.

5. The?optician?has prescribed me a new pair of glasses.

文章來源BBC，侵權(quán)刪。