一、單詞

rare /re?(r)/ adj. 少見的，不常發(fā)生的；稀罕的，珍貴的；

①a rare bird

Pandas are rare today.

rare animal

②be rare to do sth

It’s rare to see such a thing. 這種事情很少見

③ be rare for sb to do sth?

It’s rare for Kim to go to the movies.

ancient /?e?n??nt/ adj. 古代的，遠古的；古老的，年代久遠的；

①ancient history 古代歷史

ancient civilization 古文明

ancient poem 古詩

②ancient Egypt 古埃及

Rome has a lot of ancient buildings.

myth /m?θ/ n.神話，神話故事；

① ancient myth

When I was still a kid, my father told me stories about ancient myth

ancient Greek myths 古希臘神話?

trouble /?tr?b(?)l/ n. 困難，難題，苦惱；險境，困境；問題，麻煩，缺陷；

v. 使憂慮，苦惱；勞駕，麻煩；給……造成麻煩（困難）；

①have trouble with sth 在…方面有麻煩/困難

have trouble with sb 和某人相處有麻煩

When I was still in school, I always had trouble with math

②have trouble doing sth 做… 有麻煩

I have trouble learning English.

③ run into trouble 遇到麻煩

The plan ran into trouble

④get into trouble

Perter get into trouble when he climbed the mountain.

⑤give sb a lot of trouble

His new car gave him a lot of trouble

⑥ be in trouble?

If you can’t get there on time, you will be in trouble.

effect /??fekt/ n. 作用，影響；（刻意制造的）效果，印象；

① have no effect 無效果

This doesn’t have any effect.

②have an effect on sb. 對某人產(chǎn)生影響

The action movie has quite an effect on the little boy.

③come into effect生效

The new regulation came into effect last month.

Medusa /m??dju?z?/ n. 美杜莎（古希臘神話中3位蛇發(fā)女怪之一）

Gorgon /?ɡ??ɡ?n/ n. 戈耳工（希臘神話中的蛇發(fā)女怪）；丑陋可怕的女人（gorgon）；

二、原文?

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!

三、課文和語法

1、Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

①定語從句，關(guān)系詞是who，先行詞是oen of those rare people.在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞做主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞保持一致

② one of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

One of your classmates is going to meet you at the airport.

③believe in 信賴、信仰

believe in religion. 信仰宗教

I don’t believe in that young man. 我不相信那個年輕人

2、He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and

their owners.

①ever since = since 從那以后一直（ever since 語氣比since強，主句中的主語一般用完成時）

Ever since he met Helen, he has changed completely.

Ryan went to America last year, I have never seen him again ever since.

② have trouble with sb 與…有麻煩，糾紛，摩擦

Fred has trouble with his neighbor.

3、Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.

①because of?是介詞短語，后面跟n./pron/動名詞.?可置于句首、句中

because 是連詞conj. 后面只能跟句子，做原因狀語從句

Because of the rain, he didn’t go out for a walk.

Because it was raining, he didn’t go out for a walk.

② can ?vs ?be able to 能夠做

be able to 的主語一般是人，表示有能力去做；can 表示天生的或?qū)W到的能力時，只能用于現(xiàn)在時和過去時（could），而不可用于將來時。將來時中表示能力時必須用 be able to。在現(xiàn)在時和過去時中，can/could與 be able to 一般可以互換，在完成時中一般用 be able to。

They have never been able to get together since graduation.

4、Jasper has put up ‘No parking’ signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect

① put up 張貼、掛起、舉起

put up your hand.

put up a poster on the wall.

pu up street signs.

②effect vs affect?vs influence

effect: 影響某人或某事發(fā)生變化，是意味強而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)挠糜?做名詞時更常用

This event effected a change in my opinion

What parents say or do will have an effect on children.

affect: 直接影響某人或某物

The rain will affect our plans for a picnic.

influence 往往指通過勸說或作為行為、榜樣來潛移默化地影響別人，使其思想、感情發(fā)生變化

Young people are quickly influenced by new ideas.

5、It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.

定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，可以省略

先行詞是物，物之前有形容詞最高級修飾，定語從句關(guān)系詞只能用that

He is the tallest man I have ever met.

6、Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.

①turn sth to sth 把…變成…

frost turns water into ice.

②turn vs change vs convert vs vary

turn: 指性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、顏色發(fā)生變化

Her hair has turned grey.

change:本質(zhì)或形態(tài)發(fā)生變更，產(chǎn)生與以前完全不同的狀況

During the night, the rain changed into snow

convert: 指把一種形式或用途改變或轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N

The seat converts easily into a bed.

vary： 指發(fā)生不規(guī)則地或斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地變化，含有種類較多之意

Customs vary with times.

③ hope for sth 希望、期待某物

He is hoping for a letter

hope to do sth 希望做某事

Sam hopes to win the game

hope that + 賓語從句

希望某人做某事wish sb to do sth ( 不能用hope sb to do sth)

7、定語從句

1） 形容詞作定語和從句作定語

2）定語從句的構(gòu)成：

先行詞：被定語從句修飾或限定的詞

關(guān)系詞：指代先行詞，起連接主句和從句的租用，在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分的連詞或代詞。

3)關(guān)系詞的用法

①關(guān)系代詞指代人時通常用who(作主語和賓語),whom(做從句的賓語，很少用了， 一般都用who就可以), that(作主語和賓語)

Those who/that do not work must not eat

He is the man who/whom/that we all admire.

②關(guān)系代詞指代物時常用which/that – 兩者都可作主語和賓語

Pumas are large, cat-like animals which/that are found in America.

The taxi which/that I took broke down on the way.

③關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作定語用whose( 所有格式有生命的也可以是無生命的名詞)，of which( 只指無生命名詞所有格)

I bought a book of which(whose) author is a farmer.

④關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時，可省略

⑤ 介詞+關(guān)系代詞構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)時，通常只能用介詞+which或介詞+whom，不能用介詞+that/who

The world in which we live is made of matter.

⑥先行詞被any, only, all, every, no, some, much, little, 序數(shù)詞， 最高級, the only 等修飾時，關(guān)系詞一般用that

The only thing that we can do is waiting.

⑦先行詞是不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, everything 或為物的代詞all, little, few, much, none, the first 時，一般用that

Is there anything that I can do for you?

4）限定性從句和非限定性從句的區(qū)別

限定性從句不用逗號將從句和先行詞分開，非限定性的要有逗號隔開從句和先行詞

The travelers, who knew about the floods, took another road.

非限定性從句不能用that引導(dǎo)

5)輸出定語從句的方法

?句漢語變兩句英?

確定被修飾詞

確定who/whom/which/that

確定是否可以省略（替代賓語）

who/whom/which/that替代被修飾詞，并提句?

定語從句緊隨被修飾詞之后

8、that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和同位語從句區(qū)別

1） that 是否作從句的成分

that在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分，在同位語從句中不作任何成分，僅起連詞作用

The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be?untrue.

他到處散播謠言被證明是假的

The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue

湯姆是小偷的謠言被證明是假的

2) 定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，起修飾作用，同位語從句相當(dāng)于名詞，對前面名詞的具體描述，二者是同位關(guān)系。

四、習(xí)慣用法

have trouble with sth.

have no effect

have trouble doing sth.