All parents know it is difficult to get children to eat their vegetables. Some of them offer rewards or treats for children finishing their share. But researchers have discovered that youngsters who are not praised for trying vegetables are more likely to eat them eventually. The study found that the best way to get children to eat food they do not like is simply to give them repeated exposure to it. Psychologists from Ghent University in Belgium studied 98 children. They gave them five kinds of vegetables to eat-mushrooms, peas, eggplants, carrots and cabbages. The taste tests revealed that carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters. The children were then given a bowl of boiled carrots and told to choose how much to eat. After 8 minutes, they were asked to rate the dish as “delicious,” “just OK” or “disgusting.” The trial went on twice a week for a month, with a follow-up taste test after 8 weeks. Children were split into three groups, with one group asked to try the bowl of carrots repeatedly with no further encouragement. The other two groups were given rewards of a toy or verbal praise. After the trial, 81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them. This is in contrast to 68% for the group given a toy and 75% for the group given verbal praise.
所有的父母都知道讓孩子吃蔬菜很難。他們中的一些人會為完成任務(wù)的孩子提供獎勵或款待。但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些沒有因?yàn)閲L試蔬菜而受到表揚(yáng)的年輕人最終更有可能吃蔬菜。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓孩子們吃他們不喜歡的食物的最好方法就是讓他們反復(fù)接觸這些食物。比利時(shí)根特大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家研究了98名兒童。他們給他們五種蔬菜作為食物——蘑菇、豌豆、茄子、胡蘿卜和卷心菜?？谖稖y試顯示，胡蘿卜是年輕人最不喜歡的蔬菜。然后給孩子們一碗煮胡蘿卜，讓他們選擇吃多少。8分鐘后，他們被要求評價(jià)這道菜“美味”、“還可以”或“惡心”。試驗(yàn)持續(xù)一個(gè)月，每周進(jìn)行兩次，8周后再進(jìn)行一次味覺測試。孩子們被分成三組，其中一組被要求在沒有進(jìn)一步鼓勵的情況下反復(fù)嘗試這碗胡蘿卜。另外兩組則得到玩具或口頭表揚(yáng)的獎勵。在試驗(yàn)后，81%的孩子只是簡單地吃了胡蘿卜，他們始終喜歡胡蘿卜。相比之下，得到玩具的那組有68%，得到口頭表揚(yáng)的那組有75%。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
請根據(jù)你剛剛聽到的文章回答問題16至問題18。
16.What is the best way to get children to eat vegetables according to a recent study?
問題16：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)研究，讓孩子吃蔬菜的最好方法是什么？
17.What did the researchers find about carrots?
問題17：關(guān)于胡蘿卜，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？
18.What does the result of this research show?
問題18：這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果說明了什么？