TTC【雙語字幕版】：西方文明的基礎(chǔ)（S01E03：埃及-尼羅河的禮物）
2021-11-11 03:54 作者:HydratailNoctua | 我要投稿
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?Nomes (from Nomos; Law): Law district; law territory
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?Ca. 3100 B.C. Menes unifies Upper an Lower Egypt
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?30 dynasties (families), mostly isolated in Old and Middle Kingdom
Egyptian Historical Periods:
- Predynastic Period
- Old Kingdom (2695-2160 B.C.)
- First Intermediate Period
- Middle Kingdom (2025-1786 B.C.)
- Second Intermediate Period
- New Kingdom (1550-1075 B.C.)
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?Pharaoh (Pharaonic dynasties, from per aa; "Great House", one who lives in a great house)
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?Pyramids, Gizeh
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?Middle Kingdom (2025-1786 B.C.)
- Power-sharing with local notables
- Religion
- Emphasis began to move beyond the royal dynasty
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?Hyksos, from Palestine to conquer Egypt
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?Hittites (Indo-European Speaking) from Anatolia along the east shore of Mediterranean, and in 1274 B.C fought against Egyptians in Qadesh (draw)
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?Egyptian Culture
1.The Pharaoh
- A two-class society
- An abstract sense of rule
- Pharaoh separated from the ordinary realm of human beings
2.Religion
- Grew more complicated over time
- Middle Kingdom- More temples, cults, gods and goddesses
- Afterlife more available
- Ma'at: Truth, justice, balance, order, harmony( the myth Osiris and Isis, Ka: soul)
- Hints of an ethical dimension
- Reign of Akhenaton (during New Kingdom,"Servant of Aton" Pharaoh, 1353-1336 B.C.)—Henotheism; Monolatry (the worship of one God without denying the existence of others)
3.Scientific & Artisanal Advances
- Papyrus (papyrus plants)
- Pictographic Writing: Picture writing/Hieroglyphic
- Demotic Script: "Popular", cursive script
- Surgery & Anatomy
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