【懷舊可以止痛？】

先放一篇可以練習(xí)讀文獻(xiàn)用的科普文(神經(jīng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的，非專(zhuān)業(yè)的同學(xué)可以拿來(lái)練習(xí)讀外專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的能力)

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時(shí)間有限 出處不查了

【網(wǎng)上的自我表達(dá)行為似乎超出了傳統(tǒng)人格理論的預(yù)測(cè)范圍？】

對(duì)up主也有啟發(fā)的短文(圖1中那一段)
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出處PsychologyToday https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/digital-world-real-world/202108/self-presentation-in-the-digital-world?amp

作者Phil Reed D.Phil.
結(jié)尾兩段刪掉了，不太確定為什么：

Real-World Personality Theories May Not Apply Online

One test bed for the Application of this theory in the digital domain is predicted gender differences in social media behaviour in relation to self-presentation. Both self-presentation1, and BAS and BIS6, have been noted to show gender differences. In the real world, women have shown higher levels of BIS than men (at least, to this point in time), although levels of BAS are less clearly differentiated between genders. This view would suggest that, in order to avoid disApproval, women will present themselves less often on social media; and, where they do have a presence, adopt defensive self-presentational strategies.


The first of these hypotheses is demonstrably false – where there are any differences in usage (and there are not that many), women tend to use social media more often than men. What we don’t really know, with any certainty, is how women use social media for self-presentation, and whether this differs from men’s usage. In contrast to the BAS/BIS view of personality, developed for the real world, several studies have suggested that selfie posting can be an assertive, or even aggressive, behaviour for females – used in forming a new personality3. In contrast, sometimes selfie posting by males is related to less aggressive, and more defensive, aspects of personality7. It may be that women take the opportunity to present very different images of themselves online from their real-world personalities. All of this suggests that theories developed for personality in the real world may not Apply online – certainly not in terms of putative gender-related behaviours.

We know that social media allows a new personality to be presented easily, which is not usually seen in real-world interactions, and it may be that real-world gender differences are not repeated in digital contexts. Alternatively, it may suggest that these personality theories are now simply hopelessly anachronistic – based on assumptions that no longer Apply. If that were the case, it would certainly rule out any suggestion that such personalities are genetically determined – as we know that structure hasn’t changed dramatically in the last 20 years.

References

1. Lee, S.J., Quigley, B.M., Nesler, M.S., Corbett, A.B., & Tedeschi, J.T. (1999). Development of a self-presentation tactics scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 26(4), 701-722.

2. Laghi, F., Pallini, S., & Baiocco, R. (2015). Autopresentazione efficace, tattiche difensive e assertive e caratteristiche di personalita? in Adolescenza. Rassegna di Psicologia, 32(3), 65-82.

3. Chua, T.H.H., & Chang, L. (2016). Follow me and like my beautiful selfies: Singapore teenage girls’ engagement in self-presentation and peer comparison on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 190-197.

4. Fox, J., & Rooney, M.C. (2015). The Dark Triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 161-165.

5. Hermann, A.D., Teutemacher, A.M., & Lehtman, M.J. (2015). Revisiting the unmitigated Approach model of narcissism: Replication and extension. Journal of Research in Personality, 55, 41-45.

6. Carver, C.S., & White, T.L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319.

7. Sorokowski, P., Sorokowska, A., Frackowiak, T., Karwowski, M., Rusicka, I., & Oleszkiewicz, A. (2016). Sex differences in online selfie posting behaviors predict histrionic personality scores among men but not women. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 368-373.