寫在前面：

8.大小寫、中英文、全半角如果有問題請多擔待，因為沒有經(jīng)過第二人校對。

9.想了下，等更完全部大概是240個詞根，會整理成pdf放鏈接分享。

10.忘了說過沒有，但請原諒文盲博主多處不通順的中文。

11.上周讀小說更新慢了嗚嗚

12.想到再補

6『PROB』

PROB comes from the Latin words for “prove or proof” and “honesty or integrity.”

PROB來自拉丁語單詞“證明或證明”和“誠實或正直”

A probe, whether it's a little object for testing electrical circuits or a spacecraft headed for Mars, is basically something that's looking for evidence or proof.? Probable originally described something that wasn't certain but might be“provable.”

“probe”一詞可以是小到測試電路的探針，也可以是大到目標火星的航空探測器，基本上表示用以尋找證據(jù)的事物?！皃robable”則指不確定但可能“provable”(可證明)。

approbation? [??pr??be??n]

認可;批準

A formal or official act of approving; praise, usually given with pleasure or enthusiasm.

正式的或官方的批準；(通常愉快或熱情地給予的)贊美。

The senate signaled its approbation of the new plan by voting for it unanimously.

參議院一致投票支持這項新計劃，以此表示對該計劃的認可。

Approbation is a noun form of approve, but approbation is usually stronger than mere approval.?

“approbation”是“approve”的名詞形式，但“approbation”通常比“approval”更強烈。

probate? [?pro?be?t]

遺囑認證;遺囑檢驗;核實(或檢驗)遺囑

The process of proving in court that the will of someone who has died is valid, and of administering the estate of a dead person.

在法庭上證明某人的遺囑是有效的，以及管理死者遺產(chǎn)的過程。

When her father died, she thought she would be able to avoid probate, but she wasn't that lucky.

當她父親去世時，她認為自己能夠避免遺囑認證，但她沒有那么幸運。

Ever since people have written wills, those wills have had to be proven genuine by a judge. Without a probate process, greedy acquaintances or relatives could write up a fake will stating that all the person’s wealth belonged to them. To establish a will as genuine, it must generally be witnessed and stamped by someone officially licensed to do so.?

人們寫了遺囑后，必須由法官證明真實性。如果沒有遺囑認證程序，貪婪的熟人或親戚可以編造一份假遺囑，聲稱此人的所有財產(chǎn)都屬于他們。要確定遺囑是真實的，通常必須由正式授權(quán)的人見證并蓋章。

probity ? [?pro?b?ti]

誠實;正直

Absolute honesty and uprightness.

絕對的誠實與正直。

Her unquestioned probity helped win her the respect of her fellow judges.

她無可置疑的正直為她贏得了同行評委的尊重。

Probity is a quality the public generally hopes for in its elected officials but doesn't always get.?

公正廉潔是民眾對所選官員品質(zhì)的普遍期望，然而并不能永遠如愿。

reprobate ? [?repr?be?t]

墮落的人;不道德的人;譴責;拒絕；(上帝)摒棄;被摒棄的;邪惡的

A person of thoroughly bad character.

性格極壞的人。

His wife finally left him, claiming he was a reprobate who would disappear for weeks at a time, gambling and drinking away all his money.

他的妻子最終離開了他，聲稱他是一個極其墮落的人，他會一次消失幾個星期，并在賭博和喝酒上把錢花光。

The related verb of reprobate is reprove, which originally, as the opposite of approve, meant “to condemn.” Thus, a reprobate, as the word was used in Biblical translations, was someone condemned to hell. But for many years reprobate has been said in a tone of joshing affection, usually to describe someone of doubtful morals but good humor.

“reprobate”的相關(guān)動詞是“reprove”，其最初含義與“approve”相反，意思是“condemn”(譴責)。因此，“reprobate”一詞在圣經(jīng)翻譯中指被判入地獄的人。但如今，人們更多以一種開玩笑的口吻說“reprobate”，通常用來形容德行有虧但幽默風趣的人。

7『GRAV』

GRAV comes from the Latin word meaning “heavy, weighty, serious.”

GRAV來自拉丁語，意思是“沉重的、有分量的、嚴肅的”。

Gravity is, of course, what makes things heavy, and without it there wouldn't be any life on earth, since nothing would stay on earth at all.

眾所周知，重力是使物體“變重”的原因，如果沒有重力，地球上就不會有生命，也根本就不會有任何東西。(“on earth”雙關(guān))

grave ? [ɡre?v , ɡrɑ?v]

n.墳?zāi)?墓穴;墳頭;死亡;去世;逝世

adj.嚴重的;重大的;嚴峻的;深切的;嚴肅的;莊嚴的;表情沉重的

n.鈍重音符;沉音符;抑音符

vt.雕刻;銘記

v.刻;對(船底)作清洗并涂上瀝青等涂料;銘記

adv.莊重地;極慢地

(1) Requiring serious thought or concern. (2) Serious and formal in appearance or manner.

(1)需要認真思考的。(2)外表及舉止嚴肅而正式。

We realized that the situation was grave and that the slightest incident could spark all-out war.

我們意識到形勢嚴峻，稍有不慎即將爆發(fā)全面戰(zhàn)爭。

Gravity has a familiar physical meaning but also a nonphysical meaning-basically "seriousness."?

“gravity”一詞的物理意義眾所周知，但同時也有一個非物理學的意義，即“嚴肅”。

Even though Shakespeare makes a pun on grave when a dying character talks about being buried the next day (“Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man”), the word meaning “hole for burying a body” isn't actually related.

莎士比亞在一個垂死的人物談?wù)摰诙鞂⒈宦裨嶂聲r，對“grave”一詞上設(shè)置了雙關(guān)(“要是你明天找我，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)我是一個在墳?zāi)估锏娜?嚴肅的人”)，而其中的“grave”并不真表示墳?zāi)埂?/span>

gravitas ? [?ɡr?v?tɑ?s]

嚴肅;莊嚴

Great or very dignified seriousness.

非常嚴肅。

The head of the committee never failed to carry herself with the gravitas she felt was appropriate to her office.

委員會負責人始終保持著她認為適合自己身份的嚴肅態(tài)度。

We use gravitas today to identify the same solemn dignity in men and women.

今天，我們用“gravitas”一視同仁地表示男性和女性的莊嚴。

gravitate ? [?ɡr?v?te?t]

被吸引到;受吸引而參加

To move or be drawn toward something, especially by natural tendency or as if by an invisible force.

向某物移動或被某物吸引，尤指由自然傾向或仿佛由無形的力量所吸引。

On hot evenings, the town’s social life gravitated toward the lakefront, where you could stroll the long piers eating ice cream or dance at the old Casino.

在炎熱的夜晚，小鎮(zhèn)的社交生活集中在湖邊，在那里，你可以吃著冰淇淋漫步在長長的碼頭上，或在老賭場跳舞。

To gravitate is to respond, almost unconsciously, to a force that works like gravity to draw things steadily to it as if by their own weight. Thus, young people gravitate toward a role model, moths gravitate to a flame, and a conversation might gravitate toward politics.

“gravitate”是幾乎無意識地回應(yīng)一種力量，這種力量像重力一樣，將物體穩(wěn)定地拉向它，就像是靠自己的重量一樣。因此，年輕人被榜樣所吸引，飛蛾撲向火焰，談話的主題可能趨向政治。

aggravate ? [??ɡr?ve?t]

加重;使嚴重;使惡化;(尤指故意地)激怒，惹惱

(1) To make (an injury, problem, etc.) more serious or severe. (2) To annoy or bother.

(1) 使(傷勢、問題等)更嚴重。(2) 惹怒或打擾。

She went back to the soccer team before the knee was completely healed, which naturally aggravated the injury.

她膝蓋尚未完全愈合就回到了足球隊，這自然加重了傷勢。

Since the grav- root means basically “weighty or serious,” the original meaning of aggravate was “to make more serious.”?

由于“grav-”詞根的意思基本上是“沉重或嚴重”，所以“aggravate”的原意是“使更嚴重”。

But when most people use aggravate today, they employ its “annoy” sense, as in “What really aggravates my dad is having to listen to that TV all day long.”

但是，當大多數(shù)人今天使用“aggravate”時，更多是表示“annoy”(惱火、煩人)的感覺，如“真正讓我爸爸感到惱火的是整天都要聽那個電視節(jié)目?！?/span>

8『LEV』

LEV comes from the Latin adjective levis, meaning “l(fā)ight,” and the verb levare, meaning “to raise or lighten.” So a lever is a bar used to lift something, by means of leverage. And levitation is the magician’s trick in which a body seems to rise into the air by itself.

LEV來自拉丁文形容詞levis，意為“輕”，動詞levare意為“提升或減輕”。因此，“l(fā)ever”是一種通過“l(fā)everage”提升某物的杠桿?！發(fā)evitation”是魔術(shù)師使物體懸浮空中的把戲。

alleviate ? [??li?vie?t]

減輕;緩和;緩解

To lighten, lessen, or relieve, especially physical or mental suffering.

減輕(尤指身體或精神上的痛苦)。

Cold compresses alleviated the pain of the physical injury, but only time could alleviate the effect of the insult.

冷敷能減輕身體受傷的痛，但只有時間才能緩解受辱的苦。

Physical pain or emotional anguish, or a water shortage or traffic congestion, can all be alleviated by providing the appropriate remedy. But some will remain: to alleviate is not to cure.

身體的疼痛，情緒的痛苦，水源的短缺，乃至交通的堵塞，都可以通過提供適當?shù)难a救措施來緩解。但僅僅只能緩解，緩解不是治愈，仍有殘留。

elevation ? [?el??ve??n]

高程;提升;提拔;晉級;(某地方的)高度;(尤指)海拔;高地;高處;(建筑物的)立面(圖)，立視圖;(水平或數(shù)量)提高，升高，增加

(1)The height of a place. (2) The act or result of lifting or raising someone or something.

(1)某處的高度。(2)舉起某人或某物這一行為或其結(jié)果。

Her doctor is concerned about the elevation of her blood pressure since her last visit.

她的醫(yī)生對她上次就診至今的血壓升高情況很擔心。

Psychologists use the term "mood elevation" to mean improvement in a patient's depression. Elevation can also mean "promotion"; thus, a vice president may be elevated to president, or a captain may be elevated to admiral.

心理學家使用“mood elevation”(情緒提升)一詞來表示患者抑郁癥的改善?！癳levation”也可表示“promotion”；即：副總統(tǒng)被提升為總統(tǒng)，船長被提升至海軍上將。

cantilever ? [?k?nt?li?v?r]

(橋梁或其他構(gòu)架的)懸臂，懸桁，伸臂

A long piece of wood, metal, etc., that sticks out from a wall to support something above it.

一塊長木頭、金屬等，從墻上伸出以支撐上面的東西。

The house's deck, supported by cantilevers, jutted out dramatically over the rocky slope, and looking over the edge made him dizzy.

房子的甲板由懸臂支撐，在巖石斜坡上突出得很厲害，從邊緣望去，他感到頭暈。

Cantilevers hold up a surface or room without themselves being supported at their outer end. Many outdoor balconies are cantilevered, and theater balconies may be as well.?

懸臂支撐著一個表面或房間，而其外端沒有支撐。許多室外陽臺是懸臂式的，劇院陽臺也可能是懸臂式。

levity ? [?lev?ti]

輕浮;輕率的舉止;輕佻

Lack of appropriate seriousness.

缺乏適當?shù)膰烂C性。

The Puritan elders tried to ban levity of all sorts from the community's meetings, but found it increasingly difficult to control the younger generation.

清教徒長老們試圖禁止社團會議中的各種輕佻行為，但發(fā)現(xiàn)控制年輕一代越來越困難。

9『MANIA』

MANIA in Latin means "madness," and the meaning passed over into English unchanged.?

MANIA在拉丁語中的意思是“瘋狂”，并沿用至英語。

Our word mania can mean a mental illness, or at least an excessive enthusiasm. We might call someone a maniac who was wild, violent, and mentally ill-or maybe just really enthusiastic about something. Too much caffeine might make you a bit manic. But the intense mood swings once known as manic-depressive illness are now usually called bipolar disorder instead.

“Mania”(躁狂)一詞可能意味著精神疾病，或者至少是過度的熱情。我們可能會稱狂躁、暴力、患精神病、或僅對某事充滿熱情的某人為“maniac”。過量咖啡因可能會讓你有點“manic”。曾經(jīng)被稱為躁郁癥的疾病現(xiàn)在通常被稱為雙相情感障礙。

kleptomania ? [?klept??me?ni?]

偷竊狂;偷竊癖

A mental illness in which a person has a strong desire to steal things.

一種使人有強烈偷竊欲望的精神疾病。

Kleptomania leads its sufferers to steal items of little value that they don't need anyway.

盜竊癖導(dǎo)致其患者盜竊他們根本不需要的價值不大的物品。

Klepto- comes from the Greek word kleptein, "to steal." Even though kleptomania is often the butt of jokes, it's actually a serious mental illness, often associated with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse. Kleptomaniacs tend to be depressed, and many live lives of secret shame because they're afraid to seek treatment.

“Klepto-”來自希臘語單詞“kleptein”，意為“偷竊”。盡管盜竊癖經(jīng)常成為笑柄，但它實際上是一種嚴重的精神疾病，常與情緒障礙、焦慮障礙、飲食障礙和藥物濫用有關(guān)。盜竊狂傾向于抑郁，許多人因害怕尋求治療而過著秘密羞恥的生活。

dipsomaniac ? [?d?ps??me?ni?k]

嗜酒狂;間發(fā)性酒狂

A person with an extreme and uncontrollable desire for alcohol.

對酒精極度渴望且無法自控的人。

She didn't like the word alcoholic being applied to her, and liked dipsomaniac even less.

她不喜歡被用酒鬼這個詞來形容，更不喜歡嗜酒狂。

Dipsomaniac comes from the Greek noun dipsa, “thirst,” but thirst usually has nothing to do with it. Some experts distinguish between an alcoholic and a dipsomaniac, reserving dipsomaniac for someone involved in frequent episodes of binge drinking and blackouts.

“dipsomaniac”來自希臘名詞“dipsa”(口渴)，但通常并不直指此義。一些專家對“alcoholic”和“dipsomaniac”做出了區(qū)分，以后者表示經(jīng)常酗酒且酒后斷片的人。

megalomaniac ? [?meɡ?l??me?ni?k]

夸大狂患者;夸大狂的

A mental disorder marked by feelings of great personal power and importance.

一種以強烈的個人力量和重要性為特征的精神障礙。

When the governor started calling for arming his National Guard with nuclear weapons, the voters finally realized they had elected a megalomaniac.

當州長開始呼吁用核武器武裝國民警衛(wèi)隊時，選民們終于意識到他們選舉出了一個自大狂。

Since the Greek root megalo- means "large," someone who is megalomaniacal has a mental disorder marked by feelings of personal grandeur. Megalomaniac is generally thrown around as an insult and rarely refers to real mental illness.

希臘語的詞根“megalo-”意為“大”，自大狂事實上是一種精神障礙，以個人的極度自尊心為特征。但這詞通常被用作侮辱，很少指真正的精神疾病。

egomaniac ? [?i?ɡo??me?ni?k]

利己主義者;自我主義者

Someone who is extremely self-centered and ignores the problems and concerns of others.

以自我為中心，忽視他人問題和擔憂的人。

He's a completely unimpressive person, but that doesn't keep him from being an egomaniac.

他是一個完全不起眼的人，但這并不能阻止他成為一個利己主義者。

Ego is Latin for “I,” and in English ego usually means "sense of self-worth." Most people's egos stay at a healthy level, but some become exaggerated.?

自我在拉丁語中是“我”的意思，在英語中，自我通常意味著“自我價值感”。大多數(shù)人的自我保持在一個健康的水平，但有些人則較夸張。

10『PSYCH』

PSYCH comes from the Greek word psyche, meaning "breath, life, soul."?

PSYCH來自希臘單詞“psyche”，意思是“呼吸、生命、靈魂”

Psychology is the science of mind and behavior, and a psychologist treats or studies the mental problems of individuals and groups. Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with mental and emotional disorders, and a psychiatrist may prescribe drugs to treat them.

“Psychology”(心理學)是研究心理和行為的科學，“psychologist”(心理學家)研究個人或群體的心理問題。“psychiatry”(精神病學)是治療精神和情緒障礙的醫(yī)學分支，“psychiatrist”(精神科醫(yī)生)則可以開藥治療。

psyche ? [?sa?ki]

心理;心靈;精神;靈魂;心態(tài)

Soul, personality, mind.

靈魂，個性，心靈。

Analysts are constantly trying to understand the nation's psyche and why the U.S. often behaves so differently from other countries.

分析人士不斷試圖了解美國的心理，以及為什么美國的行為與其他國家如此不同。

Sometime back in the 16th century, we borrowed the word psyche directly from Greek into English. In Greek mythology, Psyche was a beautiful princess who fell in love with Eros (Cupid), god of love, and went through terrible trials before being allowed to marry him.

早在16世紀，“psyche”一詞就被從希臘語借用。在希臘神話中，Psyche(普賽克)是一位美麗的公主，她愛上愛神厄洛斯(即丘比特)，并經(jīng)歷嚴峻考驗，最終與他成婚。

psychedelic ? [?sa?k??del?k]

引起幻覺的;使人精神恍惚的;產(chǎn)生迷幻效果的;迷幻劑

(1) Of or relating to a drug that produces abnormal and often extreme mental effects such as hallucinations. (2) Imitating the effects of psychedelic drugs.

(1)屬于或關(guān)于一種會產(chǎn)生異常甚至極端精神效果的藥物。(2)模仿迷幻藥的效果。

In her only psychedelic experience, back in 1970, she had watched with horror as the walls began crawling with bizarrely colored creatures.

在她唯一一次幻覺經(jīng)歷中，她回到了1970年，驚恐地看著墻壁上爬滿了顏色怪異的生物。

psychosomatic ? [?sa?ko?s??m?t?k]

由心理負擔導(dǎo)致的;由精神壓力引起的;身心的

Caused by mental or emotional problems rather than by physical illness.

由精神或情緒問題而不是身體疾病引起的。

Her doctor assumed her stomach problems were psychosomatic but gave her some harmless medication anyway.

她的醫(yī)生認為她的胃病是心理疾病，但還是給了她一些無害的藥物。

Since the Greek word soma means "body," psychosomatic suggests the link between mind and body.?

希臘語“soma”的意思是“身體”，“psychosomatic”一詞體現(xiàn)了心靈和身體之間的聯(lián)系。

psychotherapist ? [?sa?ko??θer?p?st]

心理治療醫(yī)師;精神治療醫(yī)生

One who treats mental or emotional disorder or related bodily ills by psychological means.

通過心理手段治療精神或情緒障礙或相關(guān)身體疾病的人。

He's getting medication from a psychiatrist, but it's his sessions with the psychotherapist that he really values.

他從精神科醫(yī)生那里得到藥物，但他真正看重的是他與心理治療師的談話。

Many psychologists offer psychological counseling, and psychological counseling can usually be called psychotherapy, so many psychologists can be called psychotherapists.?

許多心理學家提供心理咨詢，心理咨詢通?？梢苑Q為心理治療，因此許多心理學家可以稱為心理治療師。