一個方法,一種思維,搞定名詞和冠詞!

七七 | 名詞與冠詞

1??名詞
名詞の分類
可數(shù)名詞
①普通名詞:
a book,books;a chair,chairs;a brother and 2 sisters
②集合名詞:
family,class,group,government,team,company...
crowd群眾,audience觀眾,committee奪員會,crew(輪船/飛機/劇組等)全體工作人員
classes班級/課程,families家庭,teams團隊,governments政府,herds畜群,companies公司.…
不可敬名詞
①物質(zhì)名詞:【物質(zhì)的總稱,無固定形態(tài)】
- 氣體:air / gas
- 液體:water / milk
- 材料:powder / glass
- 食品:bread / rice
②抽象名詞:【看不見、摸不著】
- 性質(zhì):honesty
- 動作:singing
- 狀態(tài):peace
- 學科:English / Physics
- 觀念:wisdom
- 情感:excitement
③專有名詞:【獨一無二,無二可敬首字母大寫,通常不加冠詞】
國家:China
城市:Beijing
人名:Yiyinger
月份:April
節(jié)日:Christmas Day
呈期:Friday
常考不可數(shù)名詞
- advice:建議
- fun:樂趣
- baggage / luggage:行李
- garbage:垃圾
- behavior:行為
- homework housework:作業(yè) / 家務
- criticism:批判
- information / news:信息 / 新聞
- equipment:設備
- knowledge:知識
- evidence:證據(jù)
- progress:進步,進展
- furniture:家具
- pollution:污染
難點不難之:單復數(shù)同形詞
deer / sheep / fish / Chinese / Japanese ...
means 方式 / 方法
- a means of 一種手段 / 方法
- all possible means 所有可能的方法
species 物種
- a rare species of 一種稀有的...物種
- many species 許多物種
series 系列
- a series of 一系列,一連串的
- three series 三個系列
難點不難之:抽象名詞具體化
①樂、幸、傲、憾、慰、成、敗、驚、險、助、美
- a pleasure:樂事
- a success:成功
- a failure:失敗
- an honor:榮譽
- a surprise:吃驚
- a pride:驕傲
- a danger:危險
- a pity:遺憾
- a help:幫忙
- a comfort:安慰
- a beauty:美人
②表示“一…”,常與動詞連用構成短語,名詞前常有形容詞修飾
- a long wait
- have a feeling
- an unforgettable experience
- have a look
- have a good time
- take a walk
- have a bright future
- give a try
- have a population / history of ...
- make an apology
- have a good knowledge / understanding of ...
- go out for a walk
2??冠詞
冠詞の分類
聽者 / 讀者是否明百是哪個特定對象
不定冠詞:a / an
定冠詞:the
零冠詞:x
難點不難之:the不the
語法"偽"規(guī)則一宗罪之: the + 第二次提及的事物
- l saw a movie last night.
- The movie was awesome!
語法"偽"規(guī)則二宗罪之:根據(jù)語境可以推出的事物或情況
- Where is Dad?He is in the kitchen.
- Please turn on the light.
- May l use the phone?
語法"偽"規(guī)則三宗罪之:獨一無二的事物
- the sun:太陽
- the earth:地球
- the city / countryside:城市 / 鄉(xiāng)村
- the moon:月亮
- the world:世界
- the Lord:上帝
語法"偽"規(guī)則四宗罪之:當名詞前有最高級、序敬詞修飾時
- This might be the best video about articles l have ever seen.
- This video helped me understand,for the first time,the usage of articles.
語法"偽"規(guī)則五宗罪之:
當名詞被adj.、分詞、介短、定從修飾
當名詞后跟of結構時
- the same color / the beautiful flower
- the girl wearing a dress / the man in black / the oranges on the table
- Do you remember the story l told you yesterday?
- the end of the year / the beauty of the actress
語法"偽"規(guī)則六宗罪之: the +形容詞 = 一類人
- the poor people
- the rich
- the old people
- the aged
- the young people
- the uneducated
語法"偽"規(guī)則七宗罪之:加the不加the大不一樣
- go to the school
- go to school / college / work / church / prison
- be at the church
- be at school / college / work/church
- in the prison
- be in prison
難點不難之:the+身體部位
表示人體部位的名詞出現(xiàn)在表示"接觸/打擊/疼痛/傷患"等詞后面,常用the
a pain in the chest
難點不難之:a還是an
- 看起來像是,但實際不是
- a European
- a uniform / university / useful / unita
- one-day trip
- one-eyed dog
2. 看起來不是,但實際是
- an honor / honest boy
- an hour
3. 一看就是
an+名詞:
- an actor / egg / idea / orange / umbrella
an+形容詞+名詞:
- an old / outgoing friend
- an elder lady
- an ugly mood
an+以F/H/L/M/N/R/S/X開頭的縮寫詞
- an FBl agent
- an X-ray machine
an+數(shù)字
an eight-year-old artist
4. 一看就不是
a student / friend / bicycle

難點不難之:??剂愎谠~
"by+名詞"表示交通方式
go / travel by bike / car / taxi / bus / train / sea / air空路 / water水路
on foot走路去
“對稱"的習慣性表達
arm in arm
day after day
face to face
hand in hand
side by side
year after year