Jean Dieudonné was a French mathematician who worked in a wide variety of mathematical areas including general topology, topological vector spaces, algebraic geometry, invariant theory and the classical groups. He was a founder member of Bourbaki and also wrote on the history of mathematics.

With Laurent Schwartz he supervised the early research of Alexander Grothendieck. Later from 1959 to 1964 he was at the Institut des Hautes études Scientifiques alongside Grothendieck, and collaborating on the expository work needed to support the project of refounding algebraic geometry on the new basis of schemes