Introduction

Most takeaway coffee cups are not recyclable because they're lined with plastic. One big coffee shop chain has introduced a 5p levy for using a disposable cup to encourage people to bring their own; another one pledged to recycle as many disposable coffee cups as they produce by 2020. Neil and Rob discuss if this is enough to encourage coffee drinkers to behave in a more environmentally-friendly way. And they teach you related vocabulary.

This week's question

Which country drinks the most coffee per capita – so not the total amount of coffee but the average per person. Is it:

a) Japan

b) Kenya

c) Finland

Listen to the programme to find out the answer.

Vocabulary

disposable

designed to be thrown away after a short time

reusable

designed to be used many times

rolling out

gradually introducing something new to a business

infrastructure

buildings or structures that are needed for something to work.

a nudge

a gentle push

to fight (something) tooth and nail

to make a strong effort against something

Transcript?

Note: This is not a word for word transcript??

Neil

Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.

Rob

And I'm Rob.

Neil

Now Rob, we’ve talked before on this programme about our love of coffee.

Rob

Oh yes, indeed. I couldn’t function without it.

Neil

But have you ever thought about the environmental consequences of all those?disposable?coffee cups?

Rob

Oh yes, indeed. I always carry a?reusable?cup with me so I don’t have to throw one away.

Neil

So if a?disposable?cup is one you throw away, a?reusable?one is one that you can use again and again.

Rob

Yes, there is a big problem with?disposable?cups in that many of them can’t be recycled, so there is a lot of waste for something we only use for a short time.

Neil

What are the big coffee shop chains doing about this problem? We’ll find out a little bit more shortly, but first, a quiz for you. Which country drinks the most coffee per capita – so not the total amount of coffee but the average per person. Is it:

a) Japan

b) Kenya, or

c) Finland

What do you think, Rob?

Rob

Ooh, tricky. I don’t think the Japanese are big coffee drinkers and I know they produce a lot of coffee in Kenya. I’m surprised the USA isn’t on the list but I’m going to go with Finland. Just because.

Neil

Well, we'll see if you're right later in the programme. On a recent BBC You and Yours radio programme they discussed the topic of coffee cups. Some of the big chains are now charging customers more for a disposable cup and giving discounts if people bring their own?reusable. However not all of the shops actually collect old cups and sort them for recycling in the shop itself. Here’s?Jaz Rabadia from Starbucks, Is the store only interested in facilities inside their shops?

Jaz Rabadia?

It is something that we are in the process of?rolling out?and it will be in all of our stores. It's also not just our stores in which these cups end up. So we're doing a lot of work outside of our store environment to ensure that paper cups can be recycled on the go. We're working with our environmental charity partner Hubbub to increase recycling?infrastructure?outside of our stores because that too is where a lot of our cups will end up.

Neil?

So are they just working in their stores at improving recycling?

Rob

Well no, after all most people take their coffee out of the stores, so they are working on recycling?infrastructure?outside as well. This will be things like bins and collection points which are clearly marked for coffee cups.

Neil

And what about enabling recycling cups in store?

Rob

Well she said that was something they are?rolling out?to all stores.?Rolling out?here means introducing over a period of time. So it’s starting to happen, but is not finished yet.

Neil

Let’s listen again.

Jaz Rabadia

It is something that we are in the process of?rolling out?and it will be in all of our stores. It's also not just our stores in which these cups end up. So we're doing a lot of work outside of our store environment to ensure that paper cups can be recycled on the go. We're working with our environmental charity partner hubbub to increase recycling?infrastructure?outside of our stores because that too is where a lot of our cups will end up.

Neil

Not everyone, however, believes that the coffee chains are doing everything that they can. This is Mary Creagh, a member of the British parliament. She compares the situation to that of the plastic bag charge. This was a law brought in to force shops to charge customers for plastic bags, which previously had been free.

Mary Creagh?MP

If you think you’re having to pay extra for something, as we saw with the plastic bags, we think a similar psychological measure is needed, a?nudge?measure, to encourage people to remember to bring their?reusable?cup with them and of course this is something that the coffee shops have been?fighting tooth and nail.

Neil

She thinks that we consumers need a?nudge?to help us remember our?reusable?cups.

Rob

Yes, we need a?nudge, which is a little push, a reason. In this case, she is thinking of a law to make them charge more. But she says the coffee chains really don’t want this, they are, she says,?fighting it tooth and nail. If you?fight something tooth and nail?you are against it completely and try to stop it.

Neil

Let's hear MP Mary Creagh again.?

Mary Creagh MP

If you think you’re having to pay extra for something, as we saw with the plastic bags, we think a similar psychological measure is needed, a?nudge?measure, to encourage people to remember to bring their?reusable?cup with them and of course this is something that the coffee shops have been?fighting tooth and nail.?

Neil?

Time to review our vocabulary, but first, let’s have the answer to the quiz question. Which country drinks the most coffee per capita? Is it:

a) Japan

b) Kenya, or

c) Finland

What did you think, Rob??

Rob

I took a bit of a guess at Finland.?

Neil

Well, congratulations, your guess was correct. The Finns on average get through an amazing 12kg of coffee a year, each. Now, onto the vocabulary.

Rob

We had a couple of related but opposite words. Something?disposable?is designed to be used once or a few times and then thrown away and a?reusable?is designed to be used again and again.?

Neil

We then had?rolling out?which in a business sense is the process of gradually introducing something new. This could be a new system, new product, new technology or even a new way of doing things.?

Rob

New ideas often need new?infrastructure. This is usually physical structures that are needed to make something work, for example rail infrastructure includes tracks, stations and signals.?

Neil

A?nudge?is a small push, to encourage us to do something. You don’t need a?nudge?to carry a?reusable?coffee cup, do you??

Rob

Oh, no, I’m all for it. In fact I’d?fight tooth and nail?to keep hold of my?reusable. Which is quite a coincidence as that was our last expression today.?To fight tooth and nail?means to make a strong effort to try to stop something or achieve something.?

Neil

Well, that’s all from us. We look forward to your company next time. Until then, you can find us in all the usual places on social media, online and on our app. Just search for 'BBC Learning English'. Goodbye!?

Rob

Goodbye!

=========================

雙語版Transcript

Hello, andwelcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.

大家好，歡迎來到六分鐘英語。我是尼爾。

And I'm Rob.

我是羅伯。

Now Rob, we'vetalked before on this programme about our love of coffee.

羅伯，在這個節(jié)目之前我們談到了我們對咖啡的熱愛。

Oh yes, indeed.I couldn't function without it.

哦，是的，的確。沒有它我不能工作。

But have youever thought about the environmental consequences of all those disposablecoffee cups?

但是你想過那些一次性咖啡杯對環(huán)境的影響嗎？

Oh yes, indeed.I always carry a reusable cup with me so I don't have to throw one away.

哦，是的，確實。我總是隨身攜帶一個可重復(fù)使用的杯子，所以我就不用把咖啡杯扔掉了。

So if adisposable cup is one you?throw away, a reusable one is one that you can useagain and again.

所以如果一次性杯子是你扔掉的杯子，那可重復(fù)使用的杯子就是你可以反復(fù)使用的杯子。

Yes, there is abig problem with disposable cups in that many of them can't berecycled,?so there is a lot of waste for something we only use for a shorttime.

是的，一次性杯子有一個很大的問題，因為它們很多都無法回收，所以對于一些我們只使用很短時間的東西來說，那很浪費。

What are thebig coffee shop chains doing about this problem?

對于這個問題，大型咖啡連鎖店做了什么？

We'll find outa little bit more shortly, but first, a quiz for you.

我們很快會找到更多內(nèi)容，但首先，有一個測試問題問你。

Which countrydrinks the most coffee per capita – so not the total amount of coffee but theaverage per person.

哪個國家的人均咖啡消費量最高——不是總的咖啡消費量，而是人均咖啡消費量。

Is it: a)Japan, b) Kenya, or c) Finland?

是a)日本，b)肯尼亞，還是c)芬蘭？

What do youthink, Rob?

你覺得呢，羅伯？

Ooh, tricky.

哦，很棘手啊。

I don't thinkthe Japanese are big coffee drinkers and I know they produce a lot of coffee inKenya.

我不認為日本人很愛喝咖啡，我知道肯尼亞生產(chǎn)很多咖啡。

I'm surprisedthe USA isn't on the list but I'm going for Finland. Just because.

我很驚訝美國不在名單之上，但正因如此，我要選芬蘭。

Well, we'll seeif you're right later in the programme.

好吧，稍后我們將看看你是否回答正確。

On a recent BBCYou and Yours radio programme they discussed the topic of coffee cups.

在BBC最近的廣播節(jié)目?You and Yours中，他們討論了咖啡杯這個話題。

Some of the bigchains are now charging customers more for a disposable cup and givingdiscounts if people bring their own reusable.

一些大型連鎖店現(xiàn)在對一次性杯子向顧客收取更高的費用，如果顧客自帶可重復(fù)使用的杯子，會給予折扣。

However not allof the shops actually collect old cups and sort them for recycling in the shopitself.

然而實際上并不是所有的咖啡店都回收舊杯子，對它們進行分類回收。

Here's JazRabadia from Starbucks.

這是星巴克的賈茲·瑞巴蒂安談到的。

Is the storeonly interested in facilities inside their shops?

星巴克只對店內(nèi)設(shè)施感興趣嗎？

It is somethingthat?we are in the process of rolling out and it will be in all of our stores.

這是我們正在推廣的，那將在我們所有的店面展開。

It's also notjust our stores in which these cups end up.

這些杯子不會僅出現(xiàn)在我們的店里。

So we're doinga lot of work outside of our store environment to ensure that paper cups can berecycled on the go.

所以我們在我們店之外做了很多工作，以確保紙杯可以循環(huán)使用。

We're workingwith our environmental charity partner Hubbub to increase recyclinginfrastructure outside of our stores because that too is where a lot of ourcups will end up.

我們正在與我們的環(huán)保慈善合作伙伴Hubbub合作來增強我們店外的回收基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，因為那里也會有很多杯子。

So are theyjust working in their stores at improving recycling?

所以他們只是在他們的店里提高回收利用嗎？

Well no, afterall most people take their coffee out of the stores, so they are working onrecycling infrastructure outside as well.

好吧，不是，畢竟大多數(shù)人都外帶咖啡，所以他們也在店外從事回收基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的工作。

This will bethings like bins and collection points which are clearly marked for coffeecups.

就像是回收箱和收集點這樣的，它們被清楚地標(biāo)記為咖啡杯回收的地方。

And what aboutenabling recycling cups in store?

在店里啟用可回收杯怎么樣？

Well she saidthat was something they are rolling out to all stores.

她說這是他們正在向所有店推廣的東西。

Rolling outhere means introducing over a period of time.

"Rollingout"在這里指的是在一段時間內(nèi)采用。

So it'sstarting to happen, but is not finished yet.

所以它開始出現(xiàn)，但還沒有結(jié)束。

Let's listenagain.

讓我們再聽一遍。

It is somethingthat we are in the process of rolling out and it will be in all of our stores.

這是我們正在推廣的，那將在我們所有的店展開。

It's also notjust our stores in which these cups end up.

這些杯子不會僅出現(xiàn)在我們的店里。

So we're doinga lot of work outside of our store environment to ensure that paper cups can berecycled on the go.

所以我們在我們店之外做了很多工作，以確保紙杯可以循環(huán)使用。

We're workingwith our environmental charity partner hubbub to increase recyclinginfrastructure outside of our stores because that too is where a lot of ourcups will end up.

我們正在與我們的環(huán)保慈善合作伙伴Hubbub合作來增強我們店外的回收基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，因為那里也會有很多杯子。

Not everyone,however, believes that the coffee chains are doing everything that they can.

然而并不是所有人都相信咖啡連鎖店正在做自己所能做的每一件事。

This is MaryCreagh, a member of the British parliament.

這是瑪麗·克雷格，英國國會議員。

She comparesthe situation to that of the plastic bag charge.

她將這種情況與塑料袋收費做了比較。

This was a lawbrought in to force shops to charge customers for plastic bags, whichpreviously had been free.

這是一項強制商店向顧客收取塑料袋費用的法律，此前塑料袋是免費的。

If you think you'rehaving to pay extra for something, as we saw with the plastic bags,?wethink a similar psychological measure is needed, a nudge measure, to encouragepeople to remember to bring their reusable cup with them,?and of coursethis is something that the coffee shops have been fighting tooth and nail.

如果你認為你對于某些東西不得不額外支付，正如我們看到的塑料袋，那么我們認為類似的心理測量是必要的，一項鼓勵人們要記得帶著自己可重復(fù)使用杯子的推動措施，當(dāng)然這是咖啡店已經(jīng)竭盡全力在做著的事情。

She thinks thatwe consumers need a nudge to help us remember our reusable cups.

她認為我們消費者需要一個推動來幫助我們記得我們可重復(fù)使用的杯子。

Yes, we need anudge, which is a little push, a reason.

是的，我們需要一個推動，那是一個小小的推動，一個理由。

In this case,she is thinking of a law to make them charge more.

在這種情況下，她正在考慮制定一項法律，讓他們收取更高的費用。

But she saysthe coffee chains really don't want this, they are, she says, fighting it toothand nail.

但是她說咖啡連鎖店真的不想這樣，他們正在竭盡全力。

If you fightsomething tooth and nail you are against it completely and try to stop it.

如果你竭盡全力，你就是完全反對它，并試圖阻止它。

Let's hear MPMary Creagh again.

讓我們再聽一遍瑪麗·克雷格所說的。

If you thinkyou're having to pay extra for something, as we saw with the plasticbags,?we think a similar psychological measure is needed, a nudge measure,to encourage people to remember to bring their reusable cup with them,?andof course this is something that the coffee shops have been fighting tooth andnail.

如果你認為你對于某些東西不得不支付額外支付，正如我們看到的塑料袋，那么我們認為類似的心理測量是必要的，一項鼓勵人們要記得帶著自己可重復(fù)使用杯子的推動措施，當(dāng)然這是咖啡店已經(jīng)竭盡全力在做著的事情。

Time to reviewour vocabulary, but first, let's have the answer to the quiz question.

是時候回顧我們的詞匯了，但是首先，讓我們揭曉問題的答案。

Which countrydrinks the most coffee per capita?

哪個國家的人均咖啡消費量最高？

Is it: a)Japan, b) Kenya, or c) Finland?

是a)日本，b)肯尼亞，還是c)芬蘭？

What did you think,Rob?

你覺得呢，羅伯？

I took a bit ofa guess at Finland.

我猜是芬蘭。

Well,congratulations, your guess was correct.

恭喜你，你猜對了。

The Finns onaverage get through an amazing 12kg of coffee a year, each.

芬蘭人平均每人每年要消費12千克咖啡，很驚人。

Now, onto thevocabulary.

現(xiàn)在，繼續(xù)詞匯部分。

We had a coupleof related but opposite words.

我們學(xué)了幾個相關(guān)但意思相反的單詞。

Somethingdisposable is designed to be used once or a few times and then thrownaway,?and a reusable is designed to be used again and again.

一次性物品是被設(shè)計為只使用一次或幾次，然后扔掉，而可重復(fù)使用的東西被設(shè)計成可重復(fù)使用。

We then hadrolling out which in a business sense is the process of gradually introducingsomething new.

然后我們學(xué)了"rolling out"，那在商業(yè)意義上指的是逐步引進新事物的過程。

This could be anew system, new product, new technology or even a new way of doing things.

這可以是一個新系統(tǒng)，新產(chǎn)品，新技術(shù)，甚至是一種新的做事方式。

New ideas oftenneed new infrastructure.

新想法常常需要新的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

This is usuallyphysical structures that are needed to make something work, for example railinfrastructure includes tracks, stations and signals.

這通常是使某些東西工作所需要的物理結(jié)構(gòu)，例如鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施包括軌道、車站和信號。

A nudge is asmall push, to encourage us to do something.

"Anudge"是一個小小的推動，鼓勵我們做某事。

You don't needa nudge to carry a reusable coffee cup, do you?

你不需要一個推動來攜帶一個可重復(fù)使用的咖啡杯，是嗎？

Oh, no, I'm allfor it. In fact I'd fight tooth and nail to keep hold of my reusable.

哦，不需要，我完全贊成。事實上我會竭盡全力握住我可重復(fù)使用的杯子。

Which is quitea coincidence as that was our last expression today.

很巧那正是我們今天最后一個表達。

To fight toothand nail means to make a strong effort to try to stop something or achievesomething.

"Tofight tooth and nail"指的是竭盡全力去阻止某事或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某事。

Well, that'sall from us. We look forward to your company next time.

好吧，以上就是我們節(jié)目所有內(nèi)容。我們期待你的下次參與。

Just search for'BBC Learning English'.

只需搜索"BBC Learning English"。

Goodbye!