Who is Elon Musk and what drives him?

Billionaire?Elon?Musk?is?a?restless?entrepreneur.?At?12,?he?did?his?first?business?deal?selling?the?code?for?a?video?game.At?32,he?made?around?$180?million?when?PayPal?was?sold?to?eBay?before?investing.?Almost?all?of?this?in?electric?car?maker?Tesla?and?rocket?producer?SpaceX.?SpaceX?is?trying?to?ensure?the?long?term?survival?of?humanity?with?the?multiplanet?species.?Multiple?companies?followed,?including?startup?neural?link?focused?on?merging?the?human?brain?with?computers.?

億萬富翁埃隆·馬斯克?(Elon?Musk)?是一位躁動不安的企業(yè)家。12歲時，他做了第一筆生意，32歲,他出售了視頻游戲代碼。當PayPal在投資前被出售給eBay時，他賺了大約1.8億美元。幾乎所有這一切都在電動汽車制造商特斯拉和火箭生產(chǎn)商SpaceX中。SpaceX試圖通過多行星物種確保人類的長期生存。隨后有多家公司，包括專注于將人腦與計算機融合的初創(chuàng)公司neural?link。

Enormous?seems?to?be?motivated?by?sort?of?big?problems?that?require?him?personally?to?save?the?world,?whether?it's?from?climate?change,?with?electric?cars,?or?whether?it's?from?the?risk?of?human?extinction.?And?there's?a?sort?of?Messiah?complex?to?the?whole?thing.?But?where?did?this?drive?to?save?humanity?come?from??I?did.?I?did?not?have?a?sort?of?happy?childhood,?to?be?frank,?but?I?read?a?lot?of?books.?I?read,?write,?write?and?write?a?book.?Science?fiction?inspired?Musk's?ambition?to?prolong?the?lifespan?of?humanity?and?his?business?empire.?He's?named?several?of?his?drone?ships,?which?is?rockets?land?on?after?some?of?the?spaceships?that?appear?in?E?N?M?Banks?novels.?

巨大似乎是由一些大問題驅(qū)動的，這些問題需要他親自拯救世界，無論是來自氣候變化，電動汽車，還是來自人類滅絕的風險。整個事情都有一種彌賽亞的情結(jié)。但是這種拯救人類的動力是從哪里來的？是的。坦率地說，我沒有一個快樂的童年，但是我讀了很多書。我讀，寫，寫，寫一本書?？苹眯≌f激發(fā)了馬斯克延長人類壽命和他的商業(yè)帝國的雄心。他命名了他的幾艘無人機船，這是在E?N?M?Banks小說中出現(xiàn)的一些宇宙飛船之后火箭降落的。

Busk?was?at?university?in?the?1990s?when?there?was?a?huge?surge?of?interest?in?existential?risk.?That?was?quite?a?formative?influence,?it?would?seem,?on?Elon?Musk.?Human?civilization?could?come?to?an?for?external?reasons?like?a?giant?meteor?or?supervolcanoes.?This?concern?with?existential?risk?kind?of?joins?up?with?Elon?Musk?Masaya?complex.?Because?by?definition,?an?existential?risk?is?a?big?problem?that?needs?to?be?solved.?

Busk在20世紀90年代上大學，當時人們對生存風險的興趣激增?？磥?，這對埃隆·馬斯克?(Elon?Musk)?產(chǎn)生了相當大的影響。人類文明可能是由于外部原因而出現(xiàn)的，例如巨大的流星或超級火山。這種對生存風險的擔憂與埃隆·馬斯克·馬薩亞情結(jié)結(jié)合在一起。因為根據(jù)定義，存在風險是一個需要解決的大問題。

So?how?do?Musk's?achievements?measure?up?to?his?ambitions??Tesla?packed?on?the?car?industry?is?really?astonishing.?Electric?cars?had?a?reputation?for?being,?you?know,?rather?rubbish?slow.?They?didn't?look?cool.?They?started?off?by?making?a?very,?very?fast?sports?car,?the?road?which?can?out?accelerate?a?Ferrari?or?Lamborghini?or?Maserati.?And?suddenly?that?was?a?car?people?wanted?to?drive?successfully.?They've?made?more?high?volume?and?less?expensive?cars,?but?the?road?to?ramping?up?has?been?rocking.?

那么，馬斯克的成就如何衡量他的抱負呢？特斯拉擠滿了汽車行業(yè)，真是令人驚訝。電動汽車以緩慢而聞名。他們看起來并不酷。他們首先制造了一輛非常非常快的跑車，這條路可以加速法拉利、蘭博基尼或瑪莎拉蒂。突然之間，那是人們想要成功駕駛的汽車。他們制造了更大的體積和更便宜的汽車，但增長的道路一直在搖擺。

People?have?declared?Tesla,?you?know,?about?to?go?bus?many,?many?times.?Even?if?Tesla?went?bus?tomorrow,?it's?very?clear?that?it?has?accelerated?the?transition?to?electric?vehicles.By?2040,it's?estimated?there?will?be?more?than?700?million?passenger?electric?vehicles?on?the?road,?and?about?three?quarters?of?all?new?car?sales?will?be?fully?electric.?A?big?step?in?the?right?direction?for?Musks?efforts?to?help?save?the?environment.?

人們已經(jīng)宣布特斯拉，你知道，即將去公交車很多很多次。即使特斯拉明天去公共汽車，很明顯，到2040年，它已經(jīng)加快了向電動汽車的過渡。據(jù)估計，道路上將有超過7億輛乘用車，所有新車銷售中約有四分之三將是全電動的。Musks努力幫助保護環(huán)境的正確方向邁出了一大步。

3,?2,?1,?0.but what about musks?desire?to?save?humanity?from?extinction?by?seeking?out?a?brave?new?world？I?would?be?happy?if?humanity?has?a?self?sustaining?city?on?Mars?because?then?the?probable?lifespan?of?humanity?is?much?greater.?He?sounded?completely?mad?when?he?started?talking?about?this?20?years?ago,?but?he's?slowly?getting?closer?and?closer?to?his?goal?after?he?invested?around?$100?million?in?space?exploration?company?Space?X,?the?first?three?orbit?attempts?failed.?Muskies,?obviously?a?gambler,?and?many,?many?times?he?has?put?all?of?his?money?down?and?taken?great?risks.?But?many?times?he's?come?very,?very?close?to?losing?it?all.?

3，2，1，0,musks渴望通過尋找一個勇敢的新世界來拯救人類免于滅絕。如果人類在火星上有一個自我維持的城市，我會很高興，因為那樣的話，人類的可能壽命要大得多。20年前，當他開始談?wù)撨@件事時，他聽起來完全瘋了，但在他向太空探索公司space?X投資了約1億美元后，他慢慢越來越接近他的目標，前三次軌道嘗試都失敗了。馬斯克，顯然是個賭徒，而且很多很多時候他都把所有的錢都放下了，冒了很大的風險。但是很多時候他都非常非常接近失去一切。

Sierra?Red,?stage?one,?look,?the?fourth?rocket?succeeded?and?SpaceX?is?partly?reusable.?Falcon?Nine?has?slashed?the?cost?of?space,?launches?a?vital?step?in?getting?to?Mars.?SpaceX?absolutely?donates?the?business?of?launching?stuff?into?orbit.?It's?bigger?than?everybody?else?in?the?industry?put?together?all?the?governments,?everybody.?It's?phenomenal.?

Sierra?Red，第一階段，看，第四枚火箭成功了，SpaceX可以部分重復(fù)使用。獵鷹九號削減了太空成本，邁出了通往火星的重要一步。SpaceX絕對捐贈將東西送入軌道的業(yè)務(wù)。它比這個行業(yè)的其他所有人都要大，把所有的政府，每個人都放在一起。太棒了。

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Take?free?speech.?Musk?bought?Twitter,?now?named?ex?in?2022?for?$44?billion.?Having?a?public?platform?that?is?maximally?trusted?and?we?broadly?inclusive,?is?extremely?important?to?the?future?of?civilization.?How?you?manage?a?social?media?platform?that?really?isn't?an?engineering?problem?when?you're?trying?to?build?an?electric?car?or?rocket.?Your?adversary,?as?it?were,?is?the?laws?of?physics.?Your?adversary,?when?it?comes?to?managing?a?social?media?platform,?is?human?nature.?When?he?took?over,?Musk?immediately?fired?half?of?the?workforce,?giving?remaining?staff?a?choice.?Employees?have?until?5?PM?today?to?commit?to?extremely?hardcore?work?or?leave?the?company.?

發(fā)表言論自由。馬斯克在2022年以440億美元的價格收購了現(xiàn)在被命名為ex的Twitter。擁有一個最受信任、我們廣泛包容的公共平臺，對文明的未來極其重要。當你試圖制造一輛電動汽車或火箭時，你如何管理一個社交媒體平臺，這真的不是一個工程問題。你的對手，可以說，是物理定律。在管理社交媒體平臺方面，您的對手是人性。當他接任后，馬斯克立即解雇了一半的員工，讓剩余的員工有了選擇。員工必須在今天的5下午之前致力于極端核心的工作或離開公司。

Elon?Musk?has?done?very?well?out?of?his?mission?to?save?humanity.?But?perhaps?sometimes?he?needs?to?remember?that?with?great?power?comes?great?responsibility.?I?don't?think?there's?any?doubt?that,?you?know,Musk's?figure?of?great,?you?know,?world?historical?importance.?He's?changed?the?trajectory?of?the?car?industry?and?of?space?flight.?And?he?may?yet?change?the?trajectory?of?other?things,?too.?On?the?other?hand,?Elon?Musk?is?one?of?these?people?who?seems?to?wield?an?enormous?amount?of?power?and?is?extremely?unpredictable.?He?changes?his?mind?about?things?very?often?that?has?serious?consequences.?You?know,?one?of?the?big?questions?is,?will?the?good?that?Elon?Rust?does,?outweigh?the?bad.?

埃隆·馬斯克?(Elon?Musk)?在拯救人類的使命中做得非常出色。但也許有時他需要記住，強大的力量伴隨著巨大的責任。我不認為有任何疑問，你知道，馬斯克的角色非常重要，你知道，世界歷史的重要性。他改變了汽車工業(yè)和太空飛行的軌跡。他可能還會改變其他事情的軌跡。另一方面，埃隆·馬斯克?(Elon?Musk)?是這些人中的一員，他們似乎擁有巨大的力量，并且非常不可預(yù)測。他經(jīng)常改變主意，對造成嚴重后果的事情。你知道，其中一個很大的問題是，埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)?所做的好事會不會超過壞事。

I'm?Tom?Standage,?deputy?editor?at?The?Economist.?For?more?of?our?coverage?of?technology,?click?the?link.?Thanks?for?watching?and?don't?forget?to?subscribe.?

我是湯姆·斯坦德，《經(jīng)濟學人》副主編。有關(guān)我們對技術(shù)的更多報道，請單擊鏈接。感謝收看，別忘了訂閱。

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