·單詞

control n.????控制

????·get sth. under control????使 某事 處于控制之下（動(dòng)態(tài)）

????·be under control????處于在控制之下這個(gè)狀態(tài)（靜態(tài)）

????·lose control????失去控制（動(dòng)態(tài)）

????·be out of control????處于失去控制這個(gè)狀態(tài)（靜態(tài)）

????·control one's emotion????控制某人的情緒

????·control the budget????控制預(yù)算

????·check v.????檢查?

練習(xí)

? ? ·He___a large business company.

????????·controls，控制一家公司

????·A mechanic____my car engine yesterday.

????????·check，檢查引擎

smoke n.????煙

desolate adj.????荒涼的

threaten v.????威脅

????·threaten A with B????用 B 來(lái)威脅 A

????????·threaten the village with destruction????用毀滅來(lái)威脅這個(gè)村莊

????·threaten to do sth.????威脅著去做某事

????????·The U.S.A. threatened to break off diplomatic relations.????美國(guó)威脅要斷絕外交關(guān)系

surrounding adj.????周圍的

destruction n.????破壞，毀滅

flood n.????洪水，水災(zāi)

authority n.????（常用復(fù)數(shù)）當(dāng)局

????·the forest authorities????森林當(dāng)局

????·the French authorities????法國(guó)當(dāng)局

grass-seed n.????草籽

spray v.????噴撒

quantity n.????量

????·a huge/large/small quantity of sth.????大量（規(guī)模上）/大量（尺寸、范圍、容量）/少量 的某物

????·do sth. in huge/large/small quantities????大量/少量 的去做某事

root n.????根

????·take root????生根

????·Money is a root of all evils.????金錢是萬(wàn)惡之源

century n.????世紀(jì)

patch n.????小片

????·a patch of ...????一片 ...

????·patches of ...????很多片 ...

blacken v.????變黑，發(fā)暗

????·the blackened soil????變黑的土壤

·本課句型

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

????·形式：had done

????·用法：過(guò)去的之前，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情完成的結(jié)果

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

? ? ·形式：had been doing

????·用法：過(guò)去的之前，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情進(jìn)行的過(guò)程

·課文

????Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

get under control????控制住

A short time before????不久之前

for miles around????for（表示距離）方圓數(shù)英里

????·The road went on for miles and miles.????這條道路綿延數(shù)英里。

Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.

????·threaten A with B????用 B 來(lái)威脅 A

????????·the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction????這些小山對(duì)周圍的村莊構(gòu)成了毀滅的威脅

????·for 做連詞，表示因?yàn)?br>

????·not only ... but ... as well????不但 ... 而且

????·Winter was coming on????冬季即將來(lái)臨，come on 這里作 開(kāi)始 來(lái)臨 講，用于指時(shí)間，季節(jié)等自然條件情況的出現(xiàn)。

????·wash away????沖刷

When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.?

????·had been put????過(guò)去完成時(shí)，火在過(guò)去已經(jīng)被撲滅了

????·ordered????過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)在過(guò)去完成時(shí)之后，前面說(shuō)了很多次了

????·would grow????過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

????·這三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)從過(guò)去完成 -> 過(guò)去 -> 過(guò)去將來(lái)，可以通過(guò)時(shí)態(tài)看出時(shí)間的變化和動(dòng)作的前后順序

take root????生根?

????·had already taken root????過(guò)去已經(jīng)生根了

in place of????代替

·知識(shí)拓展

great（重要程度上的大，影響程度上的大）????vs.????big（大小上的大）

soil（種草的土地）????vs.????ground（地面）

復(fù)習(xí)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)：

一般過(guò)去時(shí)————did————過(guò)去

????·Now, smoke still?rose?up from the warm ...

????·rose，rise 的過(guò)去式

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)————was/were doing————過(guò)去進(jìn)行

????·Winter?was coming?on ...

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)————would do————過(guò)去之后

????·..., for heavy rain?would?not only?wash?away the soil?but?would cause?serious floods as well.?

過(guò)去完成時(shí)————had done————之前 + 結(jié)果

????·A short time before, great trees?had covered?the countryside ...

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)————had been doing————之前 + 過(guò)程

????·Firemen?had?been fighting?the forest fire for nearly three weeks ...

不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞：

原型? ? 過(guò)去式? ? 過(guò)去分詞? ? 動(dòng)詞ing

·fight????fought????fought