Passage One?

Gianluca Valli， manager of Chelsea Football Club， expressed it explicitly enough：“The foot is the tool of the trade of the footballer. “You might therefore expect footballers to take particularly good care of their feet. But results presented at a recent conference of dermatologists in Amsterdam suggest otherwise. Professional footballers seem as likely to suffer from fungal infections of the foot as other people.?

One study， called Achilles Project， looked at 76， 475pairsoffeet belonging to people from 18 European countries. It found that 26%of the sample had Tinea pedis， better known as athlete's foot， while 30%had Onychomycosis， an infection that causes toenails to become thickened， discolored and distorted. The results showed that East European countries have consistently higher rates of infection. On average， 30%of Britons， Germans and Belgians had some form of fungal infection， compared with 85%of Russians， and less than 10%of Spaniards?

Furthermore， adults under the ageof40whotook regular exercise had a 40%greater risk of fungal infection than those who did not. Leisure centers and swimming pools were identified as potential health hazards to the very people who visit them to stay fit. Communal showers and changing rooms are perfect breeding一grounds for the highly infectious fungi that spread foot and nail infection：up to 1， 500fungally-infected skin fragments per square meters have been found in some leisure facilities. Sweaty socks and warm， damp sports shoes provide equally hospitable environments.?

All of which goes some way to explaining the footballers. No doubt all that time spent in showers and changing-rooms is partly responsible. But Dr. Caputo， a dermatologist， also found another factor：footballers are often reluctant， for superstitious reasons， to discard their old boots. He found that players get attached to particular boots； if they score a goal with one， they will wear it again and again. The risk of athlete's foot maybe a small price to pay for a goal

61. What can we learn from the first paragraph??

A.Footballers do not care for their feet as expected?

B.Footballers'feet are more sensitive to fungal infections?

C.Footballers usually care for their feet more than other people?

D.Footballers'feet are more vulnerable than those of other people?

62. According to the passage， “Achilles Project “was designed to?

A.serve as a global screening for foot infections?

B.collect a sample of infected athletes for research?

C.look into the conditions of feet in European countries?

D.find measures for reducing high rates of foot infections?

63. From the description of Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis， we are sure that?

A.Tinea pedis affects athletes more than Onychomycosis?

B.Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis are both fungal infections?

C.Tinea pedis is a more serious infection than Onychomycosis

D.Tinea pedis is more sensitive to antifungal drugs than Onychomycosis?

64. Which of the following can be safely inferred concerning the leisure centers and swimming pools??

A.They could help people in one way and harm them in another.?

B.They do not spread infections as much as other public places?

C.They do not perform adequate check-ups for their visitors?

D.They are unlikely to spread fungal infection.?

65. What did Dr.Caputo find about footballers??

A.They play too much to keep their feet clean.?

B.They usually do not throwaway comfortable boots.?

C.They believe some shoes may bring them good luck?

D.They often stick to high-priced shoes for scoring goals.

PartⅣ Reading Comprehension(30%) Passage 1?

【文章大意】 最近在阿姆斯特丹舉行的一次皮膚科醫(yī)生會議上公布的研究結(jié)果顯示：職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動員 似乎和其他人一樣容易受到腳部真菌感染的困擾。一項名為阿喀琉斯項目(Achilles Project) 的研究觀察了18個歐洲國家76475雙腳。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，26%的受試者患有足癬，也就是眾所 周知的香港腳，而30%的受試者患有甲真菌病，這種感染會導(dǎo)致腳趾甲變厚、變色和變形。 經(jīng)常光顧休閑中心，公共泳池和澡堂的人更容易患上腳部真菌感染。而足球運(yùn)動員不愿意更 換自己的運(yùn)動鞋也是原因之一。?

【答案詳解】?

61.B 推理判斷題。從文章第一段我們可以知道什么?分析文章第一段的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)可知，文章第一段第最后一句“Professional footballers seem as likely to suffer from fungal infections of the foot as other people.職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動員似乎和其他人一樣容易受到腳部 真菌感染的困擾”提出了第一段的主題，也就是“足球運(yùn)動員的腳容易感染真”；也 就是答案B。其余選項分別為A項“足球運(yùn)動員并不像預(yù)期的那樣在意自己的腳”；C 項“足球運(yùn)動員通常比其他人更關(guān)心自己的腳”；Ｄ項“足球運(yùn)動員的腳比其他人的 腳更容易受傷”。?

62.C ! 細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章， 阿喀琉斯項目(A chl les Project) 是為了 了。文章第二 段第一句話指出“One study， called Achilles Project， looked at 76， 475pairsoffeet belonging to people from 18 European countries.一項名為阿喀琉斯項目(Achilles Project) 的研究調(diào)查了來自18個歐洲國家的76， 475雙腳?！苯又诙涮岬健癐t found that 26% of the sample had Tinea pedis， better known as athlete's foot， while 30%had Onychomycosis， ......研究發(fā)現(xiàn)， 26%的受試者患有足癬， 也就是眾所周知的香港腳， 而 30%的受試者患有甲真菌病，……”，由此可知答案選C“調(diào)查歐洲國家人的腳部情況”。 其余選項分別為A“作為全球性的足部感染篩查”；B項“收集受感染運(yùn)動員的樣本 進(jìn)行研究”；D項“找到降低高感染率的方法”。?

63.B 推理判斷題。從文章中關(guān)于足癬和甲真菌病，我們可以確定的是 。由第二段第 二句中“It found that 26%of the sample had Tinea pedis， better known as athlete's foot， while 30%had Onychomycosis， an infection that causes to en ials to become thickened， discolored and distorted.研究發(fā)現(xiàn)， 26%的樣本患有足癬， 也就是眾所周知的 香港腳，而30%的受試者患有甲真菌病，這種感染會導(dǎo)致腳趾甲變厚、變色和變形?！?可知這兩種病都是屬于真菌感染。故選Ｂ。其他選項Ａ“足癬對運(yùn)動員的影響大于甲 真菌病”；選項Ｃ項“足癬是一種比甲真菌病更嚴(yán)重的感染”；選項D“足癬比甲真菌 病對抗真菌藥物更敏感”。?

64.A 推理判斷題。下列關(guān)于休閑場所和游泳池可以從文章中推斷出來哪一點(diǎn)?根據(jù)文章第 三段的描述， 其中“Leisure centers and swimming pools were identified as potential health hazards to the very people who visit them to stay fit.Communal showers and changing rooms are perfect breeding-grounds for the highly infectious fungi that spread foot and nail infection：休閑中心和游泳池被認(rèn)為是對去這些地方健身的人的潛在健康危害。公共淋 浴和更衣室是傳播足部和指甲感染的溫床”，可知選項A“他們既可以幫助人們，也 在傷害他們”。其他選項B“它們不像其他公共場所那樣容易傳播感染病”；選項Ｃ“他 們沒有為來訪者進(jìn)行充分的檢查”；選項D“他們不太可能傳播真菌感染”。

65.C 細(xì)節(jié)事實題?？ㄆ胀胁┦繉ψ闱蜻\(yùn)動員有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)?根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句“But Dr. Caputo， a dermatologist， also found another factor：footballers are often reluctant， for superstitious reasons， to discard their old boots.但是卡普托博士一皮膚科醫(yī)生同樣發(fā)現(xiàn) 另外一個因素： ：出于迷信的原因，足球運(yùn)動員往往不愿丟棄他們的舊球鞋?！蓖茢嗫?知選項Ｃ“他們相信一些鞋子會給他們帶來好運(yùn)”正確。其他選項Ａ意思是“足球運(yùn) 動員外他們踢球太多，以至于不能保持腳的干凈”；選項B“他們通常不會扔掉舒適 的靴子”；選項D“他們經(jīng)常堅持穿高價鞋進(jìn)球”。?

【長難句剖析】?

1.It found that 26%of the sample had Tinea pedis， better known as athlete’s foot， while 30% had Onychomycosis， an infection that ea uses to en ials to become thickened， discolored and distorted?

【參考譯文】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，26%的受試者患有足癬，也就是眾所周知的香港腳，而30%的 受試者患有甲真菌病，這種感染會導(dǎo)致腳趾甲變厚、變色和變形。?

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子的主千是It found that 26%of the sample had Tinea pedis。 known as athlete's foot過去分詞短語做后置定語。While引導(dǎo)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的狀語從句； an infection是同 位語； that causes to en ials to become thickened， discolored and distorted.是定語從句修飾an infection。?

2.Furthermore， adults under the ageof40whotook regular exercise had a 40%greater risk of fungal infection than those who did not.?

【參考譯文】此外，40歲以下的成年人經(jīng)常鍛煉比不鍛煉的人患真菌感染的風(fēng)險高40%。?

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子的主干是adults had a 40%greater risk of fungal infection； under the age of 40介詞短語做后置定語修飾adults； who took regular exercise和who did not定語從句。?

Passage Two?

A decade ago， most patients were informed over the phone or in person by the doctors. But in the past few years， hospitals and medical practices have urged patients to sign up for port as， which allow them rapid， round-the-clock access to their records. Lab tests are now released directly to patients.?

The push for portals has been fueled by several factors：the widespread embrace of technology， incentive payments to medical practices and hospitals that were part of 2009 federal legislation to encourage “meaningful use “of electronic records， and a2014federalrulegivig patients direct access to their results. Policymakers have long regarded electronic medical records as away to foster patient engagement and improve patient safety.?

Are portals delivering on their promise to engage patients? Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any-guidance?

Although what patients see online and how quickly they see it differs-sometimes even within the same hospital system一most portals contain lab tests， imaging studies， pathology reports and less frequently， doctors' notes. It is not uncommon for a test result to be posted before the doctor has seen it.?

Katharine Treadway， an internist， knows what it’s like to obtain shocking news from an electronic medical record. The experience， she said， has influenced the way she practices?

More than a decade ago—long before most patients had portals-Treadway， with her husband's permission， pulled up the results of his MR Is canon a hospital computer while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden， unbearable arm pain?

“It showed a massive tumor and widespread metastatic disease， ”Treadway recalled. She never suspected that her 59-year-old husband had cancer， let alone a highly aggressive and usually fatal form of advanced lymphoma.?

Treadway， whose husband has been cancer-free for more than a decade， said she remembered intently checking the name and date of birth， certain she had the wrong patient， then rebooting the computer several times “l(fā)ike I was going to get a different answer.”?

66. What is the trend mentioned at the beginning of the passage??

A.More lab tests are ordered through portals.?

B.More hospitals provide rapid， round-the-clock services.?

C.More medical consultations are conducted over the phone.?

D.More patients are encouraged to use portals for their medical information.?

67. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor for the increasing use of portals??

A.Popular acceptance of technology.?

B.Lower payments for the patients to obtain their results?

C.Financial benefits for hospital use of electronic records?

D.Legal requirement to provide patients with direct access to their results?

68. What concerns the author in respect to the increasing use of portals??

A.Unsafe access to patients ‘personal information.?

B.Inadequate guidance for the patients to use portals?

C.Improper delivery of the medical results to the patients.?

D.Different contents provided to the patients by different systems.?

69. . Which of the following statements is true about Dr.Treadway's husband??

A.He was depressed by the diagnosis of his disease.?

B.He was screened for a highly aggressive and fatal cancer.?

C.He was mismatched with the electronic records of his MR Is can.?

D.He was informed of the results of his MR Is can via hospital portals.?

70. The author cites Katharine Treadway's experience to?

A.explain the hidden risk of portals being illegally accessed?

B.exemplify the potential risk of mis informing patients through portals?

C.illustrate the progress in the way information is delivered to the patients?

D.show the advantages of portals over phone in releasing patients ‘information

Passage 2?

【文章大意】 十年前，大多數(shù)病人都是通過電話或醫(yī)生親自告知的檢查結(jié)果。但在過去幾年里，醫(yī)院 和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)敦促患者注冊門戶網(wǎng)站，這樣他們就可以24小時快速查看自己的病歷。實驗室 檢測現(xiàn)在也直接向病人公布?？萍嫉膹V泛應(yīng)用推動了門戶網(wǎng)站的發(fā)展，2009年鼓勵“有意義 地使用”電子記錄的聯(lián)邦立法，針對醫(yī)療實踐和醫(yī)院進(jìn)行獎勵，政策制定者長期以來一直將 電子病歷視為使患者參與診斷和改善患者就醫(yī)安全的一種方式。門戶網(wǎng)站是否兌現(xiàn)了他們吸 引患者的承諾?或者，由于信息提供得不夠充分，有時甚至沒有任何指導(dǎo)意義，其結(jié)果常常 會使病人感到困惑和不安，也會增加醫(yī)生的工作負(fù)擔(dān)。?

【答案詳解】?

66.A 細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干文章開始提到的一種趨勢是什么?根據(jù)第一段第二句話“But in the past few years， hospitals and medical practices have urged patients to signup for portals， which allow them rapid， round-the-clock access to their records.但在過去幾年里， 醫(yī)院和 醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)敦促患者注冊門戶網(wǎng)站，這樣他們就可以24小時快速查看自己的病歷?！敝?提到電子診療的趨勢。跟答案Ｄ項“鼓勵更多的病人使用門戶網(wǎng)站獲取他們的醫(yī)療信 息”相吻合；其他選項Ｂ的意思是“更多的醫(yī)院提供快速、全天候的服務(wù)”；C項“更 多的醫(yī)療咨詢是通過電話進(jìn)行的”；A項“更多的實驗室測試將通過門戶網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行”。

67.B 推理判斷題。以下哪一項不是門戶網(wǎng)站使用增加的促成因素?由文章第二段的第一句 話“The push for portals has been fueled by several factors：the widespread embrace of technology， incentive payments to medical practices and hospitals that were part of 2009 federal legislation to encourage‘meaningful use'of electronic records， and a 2014 federal rule giving patients direct access to their results.某些因素推動了門戶網(wǎng)站的發(fā)展：科技的 廣泛應(yīng)用，2009年鼓勵‘有意義地使用’電子記錄的聯(lián)邦立法中對醫(yī)療實踐和醫(yī)院的 獎勵， ， 以及2014年的聯(lián)邦法規(guī)允許患者直接訪問查詢他們檢查的結(jié)果?！笨芍x項Ａ “對科技的廣泛接受”，選項C“醫(yī)院使用電子記錄的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益”和選項D“法律要 求為病人提供直接的檢查結(jié)果”都提到了，沒有提到Ｂ項內(nèi)容。?

68.C 推理判斷題。作者對門戶網(wǎng)站使用的增加所關(guān)注的是什么?文章中第三段談到作者對 在醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)使用門戶網(wǎng)站通知病人診斷結(jié)果的反思， 其中第二句話“Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any-guidance?或 者，由于信息提供得不夠充分，有時甚至沒有任何指導(dǎo)，這些結(jié)果常常會使病人感到 困惑和不安，也會使醫(yī)生承擔(dān)更多工作?”推斷作者在這里提到使用門戶網(wǎng)站會面臨 的一些問題，和Ｃ項“不恰當(dāng)?shù)叵蚧颊邆鬟f診斷結(jié)果”的描述吻合；其他選項的意思： A項“不安全地獲取病人的個人信息”；B項“對患者使用門戶的指導(dǎo)不足”；D項“不 同系統(tǒng)提供給患者的內(nèi)容不同”。

69.C 推理判斷題。題干問：關(guān)于特雷德韋醫(yī)生的丈夫， 下面哪一種說法是正確的?文章中從第六段開始講到特雷德韋醫(yī)生的丈夫通過門戶網(wǎng)站查詢診斷結(jié)果的例子，根據(jù)第七 段中特雷德韋醫(yī)生所說“It showed a massive tumor and widespread metastatic disease， 上 面顯示一個巨大的腫瘤和擴(kuò)散轉(zhuǎn)移的疾病”和后面“She never suspected that her 59-year-old husband had cancer， ......她從未懷疑過她59歲的丈大得了癌癥……”， 以及 最后一段中“......certain she had the wrong patient.....確定她是選錯了人”， 可以推知選 C項“他與核磁共振掃描的電子記錄不匹配”；其他Ａ項意思“對他的疾病的診斷使 他很沮喪”；Ｂ項“他接受了惡性致命癌癥的檢查”；Ｄ項“他通過醫(yī)院的門戶網(wǎng)站被 告知他的核磁共振掃描結(jié)果”。?

70.B 推理判斷題。作者引用了特雷德韋醫(yī)生的經(jīng)歷是為了 。由文章第四段最后一句 中“It is not uncommon for a testresult to be posted before the doctor has seen it.還常常會 碰到在醫(yī)生看到檢測之前，結(jié)果就公布出來的情況”推斷電子門戶診療的存在一定的 混亂。以及第五段中特雷德韋醫(yī)生說“the experience， she said， has influenced the way she practices.這段經(jīng)歷影響了她的實際操作方式”， 由此推斷選項B“舉例說明通過門戶網(wǎng) 站誤導(dǎo)病人的潛在風(fēng)險”與題意項吻合。其它選項Ａ項“解釋門戶被非法訪問的潛在 風(fēng)險”；選項C“說明信息傳遞給病人的過程”；選項D“展示通過電話表達(dá)門戶網(wǎng)站 在發(fā)布患者信息方面的優(yōu)勢”。?

【長難句剖析】?

1.Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any一guidance??

【參考譯文】或者，由于信息提供得不夠充分，有時甚至沒有任何對病人的引導(dǎo)，這些 結(jié)果是否常常會使病人感到困惑和不安，也會增加醫(yī)生的的工作負(fù)擔(dān)呢? 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子的主干are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors， 其中and并列兩個短語作表語； because引導(dǎo) 原因狀語從句。?

2.More than a decade ago-long before most patients had portals-Treadway， with her husband's permission， pulled up the results of his MR Is canon a hospital computer while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden， unbearable arm pain.?

【參考譯文】十多年前一那是在大多數(shù)病人還沒有使用電子門診之前一特雷德韋醫(yī)生 得到她丈夫的允許，在醫(yī)院的電腦上查看了他的核磁共振掃描結(jié)果，當(dāng)時她們等待著看專科 醫(yī)生，治療她丈夫突如其來、難以忍受的手臂疼痛。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子的主干Treadway pulled up the results of his MR Is canon a hospital computer； More than a decade ago時間狀語； before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句； while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden， unbearable arm pain.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置狀語。

如果想要了解更多關(guān)于醫(yī)學(xué)考博、考博英語等相關(guān)資訊、干貨經(jīng)驗和學(xué)習(xí)資料的話，可以關(guān)注一手小屋，小屋后面都會陸續(xù)分享出來的，當(dāng)然也可以私信小屋免費(fèi)領(lǐng)取各大院校的考博真題資料、學(xué)習(xí)課程和考情分析哦。?