Why China’s electric car industry isleaving Detroit, Japan and Germany in the dust.
-China was no good at cars. Then EVs camealong. Now the Chinese government is embracing the shift from combustion toelectric engines in a way no other country can match.
by Jordyn Dahl December 17, 2018

為什么中國的電動汽車行業(yè)正在把底特律、日本和德國甩在身后？
——中國本不擅長制造汽車。然后電動汽車出現(xiàn)了。如今，中國政府正在以其他國家無法比擬的方式，擁抱從內(nèi)燃機(jī)到電動機(jī)的變革。

After the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s and ’70s crippled China’s economy, the country began to open its markets to the outside world. The aim was to bring in technological know-how from abroad that domestic firms could then assimilate. By the early ’80s, foreign automakers were allowed in on the condition that they form a joint venture with a Chinese partner. These Chinese firms, by working with foreign companies, would eventually gain enough knowledge to function independently.

在上世紀(jì)六七十年代中國經(jīng)濟(jì)重創(chuàng)后，中國開始對外開放市場。目的是從國外引進(jìn)技術(shù)，然后國內(nèi)公司對其加以吸收。到上世紀(jì)80年代初，外國汽車制造商獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入中國市場，準(zhǔn)入條件是與中國合作伙伴組建一家合資企業(yè)。通過與外國公司合作，這些中國公司最終將獲得足夠的知識，進(jìn)而能夠獨(dú)立運(yùn)作。

$14,000
Cost of a license plate for an internal-?combustion car in Shanghai
$0
Cost of an electric-vehicle plate in Shanghai

14000美元——上海一輛內(nèi)燃汽車牌照的價格

0——上海一輛電動汽車牌照的價格

Or so the theory went. Chinese-produced cars subsequently flooded the market, but they were largely cheap copycats—they looked like foreign-made cars, but the engines weren’t as good. Carmakers in the US and Europe had too much of a head start for China to catch up.

至少理論是這樣的。中國制造的汽車隨后充斥市場，但它們大多是廉價的仿制品——外觀看起來像外國制造的汽車，但引擎卻不那么好。對于中國而言，美國和歐洲的汽車制造商擁有太多的領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢，無法迎頭趕上。

487
Number of EV companies that have launched in China since 2013?
Source: Bloomberg

自2013年以來在中國成立的電動汽車公司數(shù)量——487

For consumers, the government promised one of the most difficult things to obtain in China’s metropolises: a license plate. To combat pollution, the number of license plates issued each year is strictly limited. Beijing awards them through a lottery, but the chance of getting one in any given year is now 0.2%. Shanghai sells them at an auction with prices of over $14,000, more than the price of many domestically produced cars. Electric-vehicle plates are not only faster to get; they’re free.

對于消費(fèi)者來說，政府承諾了在中國大城市最難獲得的東西之一：牌照。為了治理污染，每年發(fā)放的車牌數(shù)量受到嚴(yán)格限制。北京通過搖號來發(fā)放牌照，但是任何牌照發(fā)放年的搖號抽中概率現(xiàn)在只有0.2%。上海的牌照拍賣價格超過1.4萬美元，超過了許多國產(chǎn)汽車的價格。電動汽車牌照不僅獲得更快，而且還是免費(fèi)的。

評論翻譯

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com?轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處


[–]tugrumpler?
Explains why they suddenly stopped exporting rare earths a few years ago.

這解釋了為什么他們幾年前突然停止出口稀土。

[–]demultiplexer
there are no rare earths in batteries, dude.
(nor in other parts of EVs)

電池里沒有稀土，伙計。
（電動汽車其他部也沒有）

[–]Ymherenda?
You're absolutely right. Didn't know that rare earths were a fixed category of elements. Thanks for telling me.

你是絕對正確的。不知道稀土是一類固定的元素。謝謝你告訴我。

[–]nosteponsnekker?
The US government has little involvement in the auto industry. If anything the GM bailouts were just as bad because they kept capital in the hands of the old ICE dinosaurs that may have otherwise flowed into newer change friendly companies.

美國政府很少涉足汽車行業(yè)。如果說有什么不同的話，那就是對通用汽車的救助也同樣糟糕，因為它們把資金留在了那些“老頑固”手中，而這些“老頑固”本來可能會流向那些對變革持友好態(tài)度的新公司。

[–]eff50
You are quite outdated when it comes to the Chinese EV market. Check out cars like the BYD Tang or Yuan. Or the NIO ES8. They have batteries which are much larger than that. And the new facelift BAIC EC3 has a 31 kWh battery. And more importantly, are quite efficient.

說到中國電動汽車市場，你們已經(jīng)out了?？纯幢葋喌咸苹蛟惖能?。或者NIO ES8。他們的電池比那個大得多。全新改頭換面的北汽EC3擁有31 kWh的電池。更重要的是，效率很高。

[–]BoilerButtSlut?
Check out cars like the BYD Tang or Yuan
Neither car is considered best-selling. Neither even breaks the top 10.
Even new cars like the Tang have seriously safety defects that wouldn't fly in a developed country.
If all you're going by is sales numbers and price, then yes it looks like China is eating our lunch. But as soon as you look at the bigger picture it's obvious they are at least 10 years behind and aren't competing with developed carmakers at all yet.

“看看比亞迪唐或元之類的車”
這兩款車都不被認(rèn)為是最暢銷的。甚至都沒有進(jìn)入前10名。
甚至像唐這樣的新車也有嚴(yán)重的安全缺陷，在發(fā)達(dá)國家是無法上路的。
如果你只看銷售數(shù)字和價格，那么是的，看起來中國正在吃掉我們的午餐。但只要你放眼全球，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們至少落后了10年，根本無法與發(fā)達(dá)汽車制造商競爭。

[–]Em_Adespoton
Am I in the wrong subreddit?
The reason the cars ahead of the rest of the world aren’t in the top 10 should be obvious: all there cars are being sold in China. The people buying the short range vehicles are going from riding transit to having their own car.
The Middle Class Chinese are buying up the higher end models, but due to the sheer volume of cheap cars being sold to first time owners. They don’t make the top 10.
But if you compare the size of the supply chain and number of units sold, they’re doing better than the likes of Tesla and Chevrolet.

我是不是走錯主題了？
領(lǐng)先世界其他地區(qū)的汽車沒有進(jìn)入前10名的原因應(yīng)該是顯而易見的：所有這些汽車都在中國銷售。購買短程汽車的人正從乘坐公共交通工具到擁有自己的汽車。
中國中產(chǎn)階級正在購買高端車型，但這完全是由于面向首次購車者的廉價汽車數(shù)量龐大。他們沒有進(jìn)入前10名。
但如果你比較一下供應(yīng)鏈的規(guī)模和銷量，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們比特斯拉和雪佛蘭等公司做得更好。

[–]mafco[S]?
It really doesn't matter if China has "hundreds" of auto manufacturers competing in the world markets. A few giants are all that's needed to disrupt the current world order. Most of those smaller companies probably have no intention of exporting anyway. China's domestic market is the world's largest EV market and appears intent on staying that way. And the country is also investing heavily in controlling the future battery supply chain, which is the most expensive component of EVs. It's notable I think that Warren Buffet is invested heavily in BYD but not Tesla.
I also think there is a much larger future market for lower range EVs than people think. Most people just haven't yet come to grips with how much of a price premium extra range adds.

中國是否有“數(shù)百家”汽車制造商在世界市場上競爭并不重要。幾個大企業(yè)就足以改寫當(dāng)前的世界秩序。這些小公司中的大多數(shù)可能根本就沒有出口的打算。中國國內(nèi)市場是全球最大的電動汽車市場，而且似乎有意保持這一地位。此外，中國還在大力投資，以控制未來的電池供應(yīng)鏈。電池供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)请妱悠囎畎嘿F的組成部。值得注意的是，我認(rèn)為巴菲特大量投資比亞迪，而不是特斯拉。
我還認(rèn)為，未來的低端電動汽車市場比人們想象的要大得多。大多數(shù)人只是還沒有意識到額外的價格區(qū)間會增加多少。

[–]mafco[S]
The Bloomberg piece though was essentially saying lots of electric car makers = advantage China.
What Bloomberg piece are you talking about? This article (MIT Technology Review) is essentially saying the advantage is massive government support and the world's largest market. I've not seen anyone claim it's due to the number of startups.

不過，彭博社的這篇文章實(shí)質(zhì)上是在說，有許多電動汽車制造商=中國占據(jù)優(yōu)勢。
你說的是彭博社的哪篇文章？這篇文章（麻省理工技術(shù)評論）本質(zhì)上是說，其優(yōu)勢在于政府的大力支持和世界上最大的市場。我沒見過有人說這是因為創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的數(shù)量。

[–]mOdQuArK?
But the hundreds of small engineering firms cranking out micro vehicles have little chance of ever becoming competitive.
That is the classic description about how a new market comes into existence, and how competition will make it mature. So far you've made a better argument FOR future Chinese market domination rather than against.

但數(shù)百家小型工程公司生產(chǎn)的微型汽車幾乎沒有機(jī)會成為競爭對手。
這是關(guān)于新市場如何形成，以及競爭如何使其成熟的經(jīng)典描述。到目前為止，你提出了一個更好的理由來支持中國未來的市場主導(dǎo)地位，而不是反對。

[–]BoilerButtSlut?
No one is saying that China can't be a competitor in the future, but currently it's not even close. Their cars are at least a decade behind yet. Even in China the best-selling car brands overall aren't Chinese: they're European/American/Japanese.
Regardless, western carmakers are already getting into the EV game. Pretty much everyone has EV models coming out soon. China has an advantage in commodity manufacturing for batteries and also has extreme EV subsidies (sales price of EVs there are 1/3 of sticker price because of subsidies), but they aren't there for technical development.

沒有人說中國將來不可能成為競爭對手，但目前它甚至還沒有接近。他們的汽車至少落后了10年。即使在中國，最暢銷的汽車品牌也不是中國的：它們是歐洲/美國/日本的車。
不管怎么講，西方汽車制造商已經(jīng)開始涉足電動汽車領(lǐng)域。幾乎每個人都有電動汽車模型即將推出。中國在電池的大宗商品制造方面有優(yōu)勢，電動汽車的補(bǔ)貼也很極端（電動汽車的銷售價格因為補(bǔ)貼而只有標(biāo)價的1/3），但他們沒有開發(fā)技術(shù)。

[–]mafco[S]?
Their cars are at least a decade behind yet.
I think it's your stereotype that's ten years behind.
western carmakers are already getting into the EV game.
Already? For the most part they are late and not yet wholeheartedly bought in. Tesla being the exception.
but they aren't there for technical development.
China builds most of the world's PV panels, smartphones and electric vehicles. I don't think the country will have any problem with EVs. And it will have a lower cost structure and better supply chain as well, which are far more important in building cost-effective family EVs than tech features.
I think you may be in for some big surprises. Warren Buffet also believes that. My hope is to see the US political system have a sea change and start embracing and supporting the technologies of the future. But I'm not holding my breath.

“他們的汽車至少落后了10年”
我認(rèn)為這是你的刻板印象落后了十年。
“西方汽車制造商已經(jīng)開始涉足電動汽車領(lǐng)域”
已經(jīng)了嗎？在很大程度上，他們遲到了，而且還沒有完全進(jìn)入。特斯拉是個例外。
“但他們沒有開發(fā)技術(shù)”
中國制造了世界上大部的光伏電池板、智能手機(jī)和電動汽車。我認(rèn)為中國在電動汽車方面不會有任何問題。此外，它還將擁有更低的成本結(jié)構(gòu)和更好的供應(yīng)鏈，這在打造具有成本效益的家庭電動汽車方面要比技術(shù)功能重要得多。
我想你可能會遇到一些大驚喜。巴菲特也相信這一點(diǎn)。我希望看到美國的政治體制發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化，開始擁抱和支持未來的技術(shù)。但我沒有屏住呼吸。

[–]mafco[S]?
Is it? Why aren't all these great quality Chinese cars being sold in developed countries yet?
Because they haven't needed to. China is by far the world's largest market and the western markets have barely begun to take off. So it would be unwise to invest a lot of capital in the smaller markets until they're ready. But they are clearly now developing new models for the world markets.
The production cars that will come out of this in a year or two will also be ready for export to just about anywhere. The same can't be said of Chinese EVs.
The ones being developed for the export market will indeed be exportable. And the western manufacturers are all planning factories in China for the Chinese market.
But it's not there yet,
As I've pointed out it's dominating the world's largest EV market. You seem to forget that there's a whole world outside of the US.
That's manufacturing ability, technical/safety design, and good quality control.
Which the advanced electronics, PV and cell phone industries seem to have no problem with. And China manufactures more EVs than the rest of the world combined, so the learning curve is there.
Tesla has been at this for over 10 years
And Elon Musk just claimed in a 60 minutes interview that he has no clue how to mass produce automobiles and implied his projections are just guesses. But China has been at it longer than Tesla. I don't think it's going to have any problems.

“是嗎？那為什么這些高質(zhì)量的中國汽車還沒有在發(fā)達(dá)國家銷售呢？”
因為他們不需要。到目前為止，中國是全球最大的市場，而西方市場才剛剛開始起飛。因此，在規(guī)模較小的市場準(zhǔn)備好之前，大舉投資是不明智的。但他們顯然正在為世界市場開發(fā)新的模式。
“一兩年后生產(chǎn)出來的汽車也可以出口到任何地方。中國的電動汽車就不一樣了”
為出口市場開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品確實(shí)可以出口。西方制造商都在為中國市場計劃在中國建廠。
“但這還沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)”
正如我所指出的，它正主導(dǎo)著全球最大的電動汽車市場。你似乎忘記了美國之外還有一個完整的世界。
“這就是制造能力、技術(shù)/安全設(shè)計和良好的質(zhì)量控制”
而先進(jìn)的電子、光伏和手機(jī)行業(yè)似乎對此沒有問題。中國制造的電動汽車比世界其他國家加起來還要多，所以學(xué)習(xí)曲線就在那里。
“特斯拉在這方面已經(jīng)做了10多年”
并且埃隆?馬斯克在接受《60鐘》節(jié)目采訪時表示，他不知道如何大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)汽車，并暗示自己的預(yù)測只是猜測。而中國在大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方面的時間比特斯拉還長。我認(rèn)為它不會有任何問題。

[–]Alimbiquated?
VW is one of the major Chinese producers. They are going all in on electric, and they are starting in China. One reason VW is the world's biggest car manufacturer is that they know a thing or two about making cars.
Another point: Car markets around the word are stagnant. China is responsible for almost all the growth in recent years. If other regions start growing, they won't be the rich countries that have dominated the market to date.

大眾是中國主要汽車生產(chǎn)商之一。它們正在全面進(jìn)軍電動領(lǐng)域，而且是從中國開始的。大眾是世界上最大的汽車制造商的一個原因在于他們對制造汽車很在行。
另一點(diǎn)：全球汽車市場停滯不前。近年來幾乎所有的增長都發(fā)生在中國。如果其他地區(qū)開始增長，它們就不會是迄今主導(dǎo)市場的富裕國家了。

[–]corporaterebel
Outside the US, the Chinese cars are becoming fairly common. I see a lot of Great Wall and Chery stuff...it looks good too which is all most people care about.

在美國以外，中國汽車正變得相當(dāng)普遍。我看到很多長城和奇瑞的汽車……它看起來也不錯，這也是大多數(shù)人關(guān)注的。

[–]zipzag
Sounds like the same thing people were saying about Japanese cars just before they began taking over global markets. I think your stereotype is a bit outdated.
No. China built 1.75 million LSEV this year. These start at $1000 U.S. These vehicles give China no advantage in the actual automobile market.

“就在日本汽車開始占領(lǐng)全球市場之前，人們對它們的評價聽起來也差不多。我覺得你的刻板印象有點(diǎn)過時了”
不。中國今年建造了175萬輛低速電動汽車。這些汽車起價1000美元，在實(shí)際汽車市場上沒有給中國帶來任何優(yōu)勢。

[–]bfire123?
those golf cars don't count against the ZEV credit system china introduces in 2019 and generally are not included when you hear that xxx thousand electric cars were sold in china.
Electric cars means that at least the emissions are not important anymore if they want to export it to other countries.

這些高爾夫球車沒有計入中國2019年推出的零排放信用體系，而且當(dāng)你聽說中國銷售了xxx萬輛電動汽車時，通常也不包括在內(nèi)。
電動汽車意味著，如果他們想出口到其他國家，排放至少不再重要。

[–]bfire123?
totally depends on the price.

完全取決于價格。

[–]mafco[S]?
There's a great book called "The Innovator's Dilemma" by Clayton Christianson. Kind of old now but still relevant.
As much as the 'innovator's dilemma' has been written and talked about it's still very difficult for large companies to deal with. There is always conflict between bringing in the revenue with the old technology and then investing it in new technology intended to obsolete the old. Company culture is often one of the toughest obstacles to overcome. You often find that some employees can't make the transition, while others actively try to sabotage it. Good companies will eventually figure it out but it's by no means easy.

克萊頓?克里斯蒂安森寫過一本很棒的書，名叫《創(chuàng)新者的困境》?，F(xiàn)在有點(diǎn)老了，但仍然有意義。
盡管《創(chuàng)新者的困境》一書已經(jīng)被寫出來并被討論過，但大公司仍然很難應(yīng)對。將收入與舊技術(shù)相結(jié)合，然后將其投資于旨在淘汰舊技術(shù)的新技術(shù)，兩者之間總是存在沖突。企業(yè)文化往往是最難克服的障礙之一。你經(jīng)常會發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些員工無法完成過渡，而另一些人則積極地試圖破壞這種過渡。優(yōu)秀的公司最終會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，但絕非易事。

[–]agumonkey
Yeah, I anthropomorphize it as a parent giving away its dreams to invest in its offsprings even though they don't really understand.
In the case of Kodak, they had skills and prototypes before almost everybody. What they (and honestly nobody) could anticipate is how computers would become the center of medias and that digital storage/display would become the norm.
And as a tiny side note, there was a news segment last week on millenials giving up on digital cameras and smartphones to go back to film. Digital drawbacks (subtles like obsession with count and perfection) started to show and people are wishing for less quantity and more physical things. Will Kodak brought back from the dead ? Polaroid certainly was.

是的，我把它擬人化了，就像父母放棄了自己的夢想，投資于自己的孩子，盡管他們并不真正理解。
就柯達(dá)而言，他們比幾乎所有人都擁有技術(shù)和原型。他們（說實(shí)話，沒有人）能夠預(yù)料到，電腦會如何成為媒體的中心，數(shù)字存儲/顯示將成為常態(tài)。
順便提一句，上周有一個新聞片段是關(guān)于千禧一代放棄數(shù)碼相機(jī)和智能手機(jī)，重新回到電影時代的。數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品的缺陷（比如對數(shù)字和完美的癡迷）開始顯現(xiàn)，人們希望擁有更少的數(shù)量和更多的實(shí)物。柯達(dá)會起死回生嗎？寶麗萊已經(jīng)活過來了。

[–]ratfaced_disciple?
I am not convinced that ICE technology is a hindrance to traditional OEMs. How does an EV cannibalize an ICE vehicle? They are both cars at the end of the day. A large percentage of Kodak's revenue came from selling and developing film. Car manufacturers don't sell oil or run gas stations and they don't even own dealerships (except for Tesla).
What differentiates car manufacturers from each other is product vision (and a good car is more than just its drive train) and manufacturing ability (i.e. quality/reliability/cost), and the incumbents have the upper hand in both areas.

我不認(rèn)為內(nèi)燃汽車技術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)代工廠商的障礙。電動汽車怎么會蠶食內(nèi)燃汽車？這兩種車最終都是同一輛車。而柯達(dá)的很大一部收入來自銷售和沖洗膠卷。汽車制造商不賣石油，也不經(jīng)營加油站，甚至沒有經(jīng)銷商（特斯拉除外）。
汽車制造商之間的區(qū)別在于產(chǎn)品愿景（一輛好車不僅僅是它的傳動系統(tǒng)）和制造能力（即質(zhì)量/可靠性/成本），而現(xiàn)有的制造商在這兩個領(lǐng)域都占據(jù)了優(yōu)勢。

[–]mafco[S]
They also have a lot invested in their engines, transmissions and other powertrain components that are destined to become obsolete. How many employees need to be retrained? How many factories closed? How many layoffs? I know some old school "car guys" and the idea of building them with computers, batteries and electric motors is just completely foreign to them.

他們還在發(fā)動機(jī)、變速箱和其他注定會過時的動力總成部件上投入了大量資金。有多少員工需要再培訓(xùn)？有多少工廠要倒閉？要有多少裁員？我認(rèn)識一些老派的“汽車人”，用電腦、電池和電動機(jī)制造汽車的想法對他們來說是完全陌生的。

[–]ratfaced_disciple?
They also have a lot invested in their engines, transmissions and other powertrain components that are destined to become obsolete.
That will take a long time, and ICE vehicles will most likely remain profitable for as long as they continue to be legal to sell. Obviously they will have to time the deprecation of their old technology correctly, but we are already seeing announcements from OEMs saying they will be electric-only starting 202X.
How many employees need to be retrained?
Startup electric car manufacturers need to train their employees too, so at most this is a wash.
The most difficult to retrain employees are the assemblers and ICE to EV actually makes the assembly process easier, making an experienced workers' job easier probably leads to better outcomes than having to recruit newbies or having to pay up to recruit the competition's.
An electric motor is dead simple compared to an ICE, so I don't think the OEMs will have trouble there.
How many factories closed? How many layoffs?
Unless their sales tank, probably none, and maybe some of the ICE engineers nearing retirement will get layed off.
The thing is that a well designed vehicle platform like Geely/Volvo's SPA or VW's MEB means the incumbents can assemble both ICE, Hybrid, and EV vehicle variants on existing lines.
This means the product mix can be dynamically changed without having to build and ramp up a new plant from scratch which is by far the most difficult part of starting a new car business (as Tesla found out this year).
Having existing factories is a positive not a negative for OEMs.
I know some old school "car guys" and the idea of building them with computers, batteries and electric motors is just completely foreign to them.
It's possible, but it's really not the "car guys" running the car companies, it's business people, and I think most are well aware of which direction the regulatory environment is headed in.
I don't doubt that some existing companies will go down in flames but I think the major players like VW, GM, Nissan/Renault will be just fine.

[–]WaitformeBumblebee?
Parts and maintenance revenue will be lower. EV technology means used cars will last much longer especially when battery prices go down making refurbishments and retrofits much cheaper. An electric engine is a real workhorse compared with the complexity of the ICE.

零部件和維修收入將會下降。電動汽車技術(shù)意味著二手車的使用壽命更長，尤其是當(dāng)電池價格下降時，翻新和改裝的成本更低。與冰的復(fù)雜程度相比，電動引擎是一項真正的工作。

[–]someguy3?
Part of it is one product line cannibalizing another product line. There would be competition between the different departments, and not necessarily the good kind of competition.
As for ice being a hindrance, change can be very difficult for organizations. While it is still a car at the end of the line it is very different underneath the hood. While it's not impossible for them to change it's certainly more work than they would like to do.

這種新舊更替的一部是一條產(chǎn)品線對另一條產(chǎn)品線的蠶食。不同部門之間會有競爭，不一定是好的競爭。
如果內(nèi)燃汽車是一個障礙，那么改變對于組織來說是非常困難的。雖然它說到底仍然是一輛汽車，但引擎蓋下面大相徑庭。雖然對他們來說改變并不是不可能的，但肯定比他們想做的要多。

[–]relevant_rhino?
They don't sell gasoline but they do sell maintenance. Oil changes, new breaks, spark plugs and much more.
An electric car has way less part and need way less maintenance.

他們不賣汽油，但他們賣保養(yǎng)。換油、新剎車、火花塞等等。
電動汽車的部件少得多，需要的保養(yǎng)也少得多。

[–]mafco[S]?
And it's pushing a disruptive new technology.

而且它正在推動一項顛覆性的新技術(shù)。

[–]shadows888
and china have the home market to defend it's tech titans from threats. like so what if huawei can't sell phones in the US? it probability makes 80% of it's revenue from China itself.

中國也有本土市場保護(hù)其科技巨頭免受威脅。如果華為不能在美國銷售手機(jī)呢？它80%的收入可能來自中國。

[–]XenosphereWarrior[S]?
From all this, it looks to me that the issue is NOT so much if they cannot sell to others, but rather, more if they cannot buy certain items. All the more reason to pursue complete independence throughout the entire supply chain.

從這一切看來，在我看來，問題不在于他們不能賣給別人，而更在于他們不能買某些東西。更有理由追求整個供應(yīng)鏈的完全獨(dú)立。

[–]ohmygawd321
Exactly. They need to close the gap soon. This is their weak point. And the people that hold the cards are the US and it's bitches Japan and Korea.

完全正確。他們需要盡快縮小差距。這是他們的弱點(diǎn)。持牌的是美國，日本和韓國。

[–]tt598?
The trade war might be timed right to kill any chance Tesla has in China. NIO's SUV costs half of the Model X, European car review sites are positive about it. Consumers won't accept paying double the price just for protectionism.

這場貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的時機(jī)或許恰到好處，足以扼殺特斯拉在中國的任何機(jī)會。NIO的SUV價格是Model X的一半，歐洲汽車評論網(wǎng)站對此持肯定態(tài)度。消費(fèi)者不會僅僅為了保護(hù)主義而付出雙倍的價格。

[–]kryptkeeperkoop?
Electric cars pollute the environment 10x than a normal car.

電動汽車對環(huán)境的污染是普通汽車的10倍。

[–]WhenInDoubt_GoogleIt?
Why do you say that?

扯啥呢？

[–]kryptkeeperkoop?
Because the energy they are using most of the time comes from coal, or other non-renewable resources. The resources it takes to mine for coal and produce energy from it are far greater than that of oil/gasoline. there’s some more recent studies aswell but I encourage you to research on your own about environmental issues if you claim you care about them, many things today are not being tackled properly.

因為他們大部時間使用的能源來自煤炭或其他不可再生資源。開采煤和從中生產(chǎn)能源所需要的資源遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于石油/汽油。最近也有一些研究，但我鼓勵你們自己研究環(huán)境問題，如果你們聲稱關(guān)心環(huán)境問題，今天很多問題都沒有得到妥善解決。

[–]StK84
I don't know how you manage to put that much bullshit into one single post. You don't even know what air quality in China means. Did you even visit a Chinese city?

我不知道你是怎么把這么多鬼話放到一個帖子里的。你甚至不知道中國的空氣質(zhì)量意味著什么。你去過中國的城市嗎？

[–]ubermoxi?
Sounds like they are inner city go karts.
“These best-sellers run between 100-125 miles on full battery, while top speeds log at 60-75 mph.”

聽起來它是內(nèi)城的卡丁車。
“這些暢銷電動車的電池續(xù)航里程為100至125英里，而最高時速為60至75英里?！?br/>
[–]myweed1esbigger
More then good enough for the average city commuter.

對于普通的城市通勤者來說已經(jīng)足夠好了。

[–]ubermoxi?
Yup, exactly. They are designed for the super urban Chinese cities. An average big city probably has more people than your average American state.

是的，沒錯。它們是為中國超級城市設(shè)計的。一個大城市的平均人口可能比你美國的普通州還要多。

[–]jphamlore?
Norway has the cheapest hydroelectric power in the world -- much more than they can use. Fortunately their grid is connected to the rest of Europe so they can sell it.
If any country should go all-in on the limits of electric transport, it's Norway.
I'm more surprised all of the Nordic countries aren't considering not a universal basic income, but a universal guarantee anyone at any age can work towards a free equivalent of a PhD education, especially in important technological areas for the future.

挪威擁有世界上最便宜的水電——遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了他們的用電量。幸運(yùn)的是，他們的電網(wǎng)與歐洲其他地區(qū)相連，這樣他們就可以出售電網(wǎng)了。
如果有哪個國家應(yīng)該在電力運(yùn)輸方面全力以赴，那就是挪威。
更讓我吃驚的是，所有北歐國家都沒有考慮普遍的基本收入，而是普遍保證任何年齡的人都能獲得相當(dāng)于博士學(xué)位的免費(fèi)教育，尤其是在未來重要的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。

[–]cybercuzco?
America has 10 cities with a million people or greater. China has 100+. Imagine if every city larger than Boise Idaho was suddenly as big as Dallas.

美國有10個人口超過百萬的城市。中國有100 +。想象一下，如果每個比愛達(dá)荷州博伊西大的城市突然都像達(dá)拉斯一樣大。

[–]ubermoxi?
Yeah, even in a large city like LA, it’s still not as urban as your typical large Asian city. Most American cities are very spread out.

是的，即使在像洛杉磯這樣的大城市，它也不像典型的亞洲大城市那么城市化。大多數(shù)美國城市布很廣。

[–]modsarevirgins?
100 mile range is a go kart? isnt that what the nissan leaf's range is.

100英里的距離是卡丁車嗎?這難道不是日產(chǎn)聆風(fēng)的系列嗎？

[–]ubermoxi?
Yes, the original Leaf has about the same size battery as some of the top selling Chinese EV. But Leaf suffered from severe range reduction due to lack of active battery thermal management. And I don’t know if the range advertised is same as the EPA tested range.

是的，聆風(fēng)最初的電池容量和中國一些最暢銷的電動汽車差不多。但是由于缺乏對電池的主動熱管理，聆風(fēng)的續(xù)航里程嚴(yán)重下降。我不知道宣傳的范圍是否和環(huán)保局測試的范圍一樣。



[–]DerekakaDerek?
China now makes more propaganda than every other country COMBINED

中國現(xiàn)在做的宣傳比其他所有國家加起來還要多。

[–]jphamlore?
China also leads the world, by I think an order of magnitude, in the installation of solar water heaters.

在安裝太陽能熱水器方面，中國也領(lǐng)先世界一個數(shù)量級。