TED演講者：Leo Lanna&Lvcas Fiat / 利奧·蘭納 勒維卡斯·菲亞特

演講標(biāo)題：The colorful, shapeshifting wonder of the Amazon's praying mantises / 亞馬遜雨林里螳螂的色彩斑斕與形態(tài)各異之美

內(nèi)容概要：In this captivating talk, journey into the surprisingly colorful nights of the Amazon Rainforest, as artistic entomologist Leo Lanna and designer Lvcas Fiat introduce us to the shapeshifting wonder of a creature they've fallen in love with: the praying mantis. Using an innovative approach that fuses science, art and conservation, Lanna and Fiat uncover the unimaginable biodiversity in this natural kingdom, proving that the age of exploration on Earth is far from over.

在這場引人入勝的講座中，我們將進(jìn)入亞馬遜雨林較人想象的更富有色彩的夜晚——藝術(shù)昆蟲學(xué)家利奧·蘭納（Leo Lanna）和設(shè)計(jì)師勒維卡斯·菲亞特（Lvcas Fiat）將向我們介紹他們?yōu)橹缘捏脒@種生物的姿態(tài)變幻之美。蘭納和菲亞特用一種融合了科學(xué)、藝術(shù)和保護(hù)的創(chuàng)新方式，揭示了這個自然王國中出乎意料的生物多樣性，也證明了地球上的探險時代遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。

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【1】Leo Lanna: "The Amazon is the center of the world."

利奧·蘭納（Leo Lanna）: “亞馬遜雨林是世界的中心?！?/p>

【2】Brazilian journalist Eliane Brum shared this quote, and I deeply believe it.

巴西記者埃莉安·布魯姆 （Eliane Brum）分享了這句話; 我對此深信不疑。

【3】And now we're taking you there.

現(xiàn)在我們要把你們帶到那兒去,

【4】A journey into an alien universe.

進(jìn)入陌生天地中旅行。

【5】It is the heart of our planet, where the core of our biodiversity thrives with countless eccentric and mysterious life forms waiting to be discovered.

這是我們星球的心臟, 是生物多樣性的本源; 各種古怪又神秘的生命種類 在那里繁榮生長, 靜待我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【6】But here's the twist.

但這次不同的是:

【7】We're actually taking you into the Amazon rainforest at night.

我們將帶領(lǐng)你們進(jìn)入 亞馬遜雨林的夜晚。

【8】Lvcas Fiat: When night’s veil covers earth, rainforest becomes a new dimension where our spectacular and ephemeral reality arises.

勒維卡斯·菲亞特 （Lvcas Fiat）:當(dāng)夜幕籠罩大地, 那種壯麗而短暫的景致出現(xiàn)時, 雨林別有洞天。

【9】It is when darkness falls that this imperiled kingdom flourishes with life beyond our imagination.

當(dāng)黑夜降臨時, 超乎我們想象的繁多生物才 從這瀕危的王國中涌現(xiàn)出來。

【10】I am with Leo, alone on a trail at a national reserve.

只有我和里奧兩人走在 一條國家保護(hù)區(qū)的小路上。

【11】It is pitch dark.

那里一片漆黑。

【12】In the deep silence, we can hear a chorus of tree frogs and the footsteps of tapirs.

在這死寂之中, 我們?nèi)钥梢月牭酱似鸨朔?樹蛙聲以及貘的腳步聲。

【13】The decayed leaves and branches crunch under our feet.

腐爛的枝葉在我們腳下嘎吱作響。

【14】It is hot and humid, and the shimmering stars watch us through the dense canopy.

這里悶熱又潮濕, 閃爍的星星透過 密集的樹冠看向我們。

【15】When we turn on our flashlights, there is life all around us.

當(dāng)我們打開手電筒時, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)周圍遍布生命。

【16】LL: Every single night, as soon as the rainforest is covered by darkness, a new world emerges, bursting with life.

蘭納:每一天傍晚,從雨林 被黑暗籠罩的那一刻起, 一個全新的、生機(jī)勃勃的 世界浮出水面。

【17】Fantastic animals that are real, extremely alive and endangered.

那些真實(shí)存在的、極具生命力的 但同時瀕危的迷人物種:

【18】Boa snakes and kinkajous, opossums and tarantulas, salamanders and moths.

蟒蛇和蜜熊,負(fù)鼠和狼蛛, 蠑螈和飛蛾。

【19】Animals that one might see once in a lifetime, as every night, the ancient and endless forest life changes.

那些一生也許只能見上一面的動物, 因?yàn)槊客? 古老而無垠的森林變化著。

【20】I'm a scientist, Lvcas is an artist.

我是一名科學(xué)家, 而盧卡斯是位藝術(shù)家。

【21】And we've been working together for six years.

我們已經(jīng)共事了六年。

【22】Our expeditions take us and our partners into the wild.

我們和同伴們進(jìn)行的 探險考察無不深入野外。

【23】And within this alien world of tropical rainforests, we’re here to show you the creature that we’ve fallen completely in love with: the praying mantis.

而在這片雨林的陌生世界里, 我們將向你們展現(xiàn) 我們已經(jīng)為之淪陷的生物: 螳螂。

【24】Silent and scentless.

無聲響,無氣味,

【25】Powerful and patient sage.

強(qiáng)大而耐心的智者,

【26】Our guide on this journey through the darkness.

也是我們此次旅途中 穿行黑暗的向?qū)А?/p>

【27】LF: So why the praying mantis?

菲亞特:所以為什么會是螳螂呢？

【28】(Laughs) Well, praying mantes dazzle us with their huge eyes, their tweezer-like legs, their hypnotizing swagger.

（笑聲） 螳螂使我們驚艷。 它們有著大眼睛, 如同鑷子般的足, 還有令人沉醉的氣派架勢。

【29】Many of you might be afraid of insects.

你們中很多人也許害怕昆蟲,

【30】We used to be afraid too.

我們曾經(jīng)也是。

【31】But as we learned more about these tiny, mighty beings, our fear turned into passion.

但當(dāng)我們更深入地了解這些 體型小卻頗厲害的生物后, 我們的懼怕轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱藷釔邸?/p>

【32】The search for the praying mantis became a gateway into a labyrinth of wonders in which every corner had something new to discover and get inspired.

尋找螳螂成為了 進(jìn)入迷宮般奧妙之地的機(jī)遇, 其中每個角落都有 新的事物靜待挖掘, 新的靈感等著被捕獲。

【33】These are portraits of a variety of praying mantis specifically from the rainforest of Brazil.

這些是各種各樣的螳螂“頭像”, 收集于巴西的雨林中。

【34】Which one do you identify with the most?

你最傾向于哪個呢？

【35】(Laughter) Each of them could easily be a character in a sci-fi novel.

（笑聲） 它們中的任何一個成為 科幻小說里的角色也不為怪。

【36】Faces of the people from an exotic planet.

仿佛是天外來客的面容。

【37】But we share our planet with these creatures.

但我們與這些生物共有同一個星球。

【38】There are over 2,500 species of praying mantises; ten percent of them are in Brazil, the most biodiverse country in the world.

螳螂物種共有超 2500 個, 其中的 10% 棲息在巴西—— 世界上生物最為多樣的國家內(nèi)。

【39】And we expect at least 300 more species to be discovered there.

而我們預(yù)計(jì)還可以在那里發(fā)現(xiàn) 至少 300 個螳螂物種。

【40】LL: Within their micro-world, they are fierce predators, hunting down any creature they can grasp, from mosquitoes to cicadas.

蘭納:在它們的小天地中, 它們是兇猛的捕食者, 會捕獵任何能 鉗住的生物,從蚊子到蟬,

【41】And even, though rarely, vertebrates, such as frogs and birds.

有時候甚至可以捕獲脊椎動物, 如青蛙和鳥類。

【42】They can eat anything, from soft and yummy flies to armor-plated beetles.

它們可以吃任何東西, 無論是軟綿多汁的蒼蠅 還是披著盔甲的甲蟲。

【43】They can even eat and process poisonous caterpillars without harming themselves.

它們甚至能吃下并消化有毒的 毛毛蟲,而不受其影響。

【44】And last year, we just published the first ever account of a praying mantis feeding on plant sap.

去年, 我們發(fā)表了有史以來第一篇 關(guān)于螳螂以植物汁液為食的描述。

【45】A vegetarian mantis?

一位素食者螳螂？

【46】Well, when walking this alien world, questions arise more often than answers.

顯然, 在這奇異的世界里, 問題比答案更多。

【47】Speaking of poison, they have none in their bodies.

說到毒素,這是它們體內(nèi)沒有的。

【48】So they rely on the physical strength of their spiky legs, called raptorials, and their swift moves to catch their prey.

于是它們依賴于帶有掛刺長腿, 即“捕捉足”的肢體力量 和迅捷的動作以捕捉獵物。

【49】Their vision is highly accurate, precisely detecting depth through a unique 3D vision system in the animal kingdom, which reacts to movement.

它們的視覺非常靈敏, 通過在動物王國中 一套獨(dú)有的三維視覺系統(tǒng) 在發(fā)現(xiàn)動向的情況下 精確感知距離。

【50】Their eyes synch or adapt to the light, changing color between day and night.

它們的眼睛會同步適應(yīng)光線, 在白晝夜晚之間改變顏色。

【51】But we're still unsure how good their night vision is, despite seeing them actively roam around in darkness.

但是,我們即使觀察到 它們在黑暗中活躍地游走, 也不清楚它們視力究竟有多好。

【52】LF: Most of them are masters of camouflage, an ancient art meaningful on the native habitats.

菲亞特:它們大多是偽裝的高手—— 這門古老的技藝在它們的 自然棲息地里尤其適用。

【53】This colorful male vanishes on the grassy fields where he lives.

這只色彩斑斕的雄性螳螂 在它棲息的草地里隱蔽著。

【54】Can you spot a praying mantis on these pictures?

你能在這些圖片中找出螳螂嗎？

【55】Yes? No?

能,還是不能？

【56】Well, actually, these photos are exclusively of praying mantises.

好吧,其實(shí)這些圖片 都是螳螂的特寫。

【57】The first looks like a dry leaf, the second like a stick, and the third like lichen.

第一張看上去是干枯的樹葉, 第二張好像是根樹枝, 第三張看起來似乎是地衣。

【58】Their shapes range from fresh green leaves, mosses, branches, to everything in between.

它們的形態(tài)囊括新鮮的 綠葉、苔蘚、枯樹枝, 以及所有類似的物體。

【59】We are blown away by how evolution led these incredible predators to blend into the natural environment.

自然演化是如何驅(qū)使 這些非凡的捕食者融入環(huán)境的, 這讓我們瞠目結(jié)舌。

【60】And if they feel threatened, they can play dead.

當(dāng)它們感覺受到威脅時,還會裝死,

【61】Or display colors like a peacock all within an extremely light body.

或像孔雀開屏那般展現(xiàn)色彩。 而這都發(fā)生于這輕巧的軀殼內(nèi)。

【62】Large males like this, eight centimeters long, can weigh just one gram.

像這樣體型較大的雄性, 長達(dá)八厘米,但僅重達(dá)一克。

【63】Others are even smaller.

其他的甚至更小。

【64】The more permanent changes they go through are just as awesome.

它們需完成的永久變化也令人贊嘆。

【65】Like other insects, they grow through molts, changing their skin.

和其他昆蟲一樣, 它們的成長會經(jīng)歷蛻皮, 即更替表皮。

【66】And when adults, developing wings, depending on their species.

成年后,有的品種會長出翅膀。

【67】LL: Since the very beginning of "Projecto Mantis" six years ago, we've taken care of every mantis we've collected for research.

蘭納:自從六年前 “螳螂計(jì)劃”的最一開始, 我們便照料著每一只 為研究目的收集的螳螂。

【68】They live in our homes with us.

它們和我們一起住在家里。

【69】Our family and friends think of them as pets.

我們的家人和朋友 都把它們看作寵物。

【70】This unusual, no-kill protocol, allows us to understand about their life cycles, behavior, and, perhaps more importantly, to connect them to people around us.

這種非常規(guī)、不殺生的方案, 使我們得以了解它們的生命周期、 習(xí)性以及更為重要的是, 使我們周圍的人與它們建立了聯(lián)系。

【71】Back home, there are over 40 mantises waiting for us, and some will live for over two years.

在家里有著超過 40 只螳螂恭候著我們, 有些能活過兩年。

【72】This year we just discovered a new species.

今年我們剛發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新品種。

【73】This tiny green mantis has a translucent body and intrigues us because it was found only through our non-lethal lights trap which attract winged males.

這類綠色的小螳螂 有著半透明的身軀, 并勾起了我們的好奇, 因?yàn)樗怀霈F(xiàn)在了 我們吸引有翼雄性的 非致命燈光誘捕器中。

【74】We believe it lives high up in the canopy, out of our sight.

我們推斷它生活在高高的樹冠上, 處于視線之外。

【75】And despite the advances of technology allowing humanity to explore the deep sea, outer space, the metaverse now, we still lack efficient tools to research and survey the highest parts of Amazonia,

盡管科技的更新迭代 使得人們?nèi)ヌ剿魃詈！?外太空和現(xiàn)在的元宇宙; 我們?nèi)匀蝗狈τ脕碛行а芯?、勘?亞馬遜流域植被頂端的工具;

【76】which is exactly where scientists expect to find the greatest biodiversity in the rainforests.

而這恰恰是科學(xué)家們預(yù)期 會找到最高生物多樣性的 雨林部分。

【77】On our last expedition, we tried night drone flights, without success.

在我們的最后一次考察中, 我們夜間試飛了 無人機(jī),卻沒能成功。

【78】The creative uses of technology are part of our contemporary science, and we keep chasing ideas that could lead us to explore the unreachable treetops and understand more and more about mantises in the wild.

技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新性運(yùn)用 是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的一部分, 而我們不懈追求著這些目標(biāo), 也許最終便可以 探索無法到達(dá)的樹冠, 并對野生螳螂產(chǎn)生 越來越多的認(rèn)識。

【79】LF: The closer you look, the more beautiful complexity you will find, like this amazing row of praying mantis wings.

菲亞特:你看得越仔細(xì), 你便會在復(fù)雜中發(fā)現(xiàn)越多的美麗, 就像這一排精美的螳螂翅膀。

【80】And there’s the Brazilian dragon mantis; the flower bud mantis; the unicorn.

還有著巴西龍紋螳螂, 花蕾螳螂,獨(dú)角獸麒麟。

【81】But of course, rainforest isn't just a fantasy wonderland.

但當(dāng)然了,雨林并非 只是一個奇幻仙境。

【82】'"What if you are afraid of the dark?"

“如果你怕黑怎么辦?”

【83】you might be wondering.

你也許會這樣想。

【84】Well, the answer is the same among explorers.

其實(shí),探險家們的回答都是一致的。

【85】Out there, surrounded by all kinds of creatures, the only thing we fear is mankind.

在那兒, 周圍是各種各樣的生物, 我們惟獨(dú)畏懼的…… 是人類。

【86】And when we are back home, we fear that the next time we visit the rainforest again, it will be further destroyed.

我們回去之后, 我們擔(dān)心待下一次探索雨林時, 它受到的破壞更嚴(yán)重了。

【87】LL: Rainforests are delicate and endangered ecosystems critical to the stability of our planet.

蘭納:雨林是脆弱 而又瀕危的生態(tài)系統(tǒng), 它對于地球的穩(wěn)定繁榮至關(guān)重要。

【88】Most of its life remains unknown.

其中大部分生命仍然不為人知。

【89】And just during this single talk, we've lost about 15 hectares of rainforest in the Amazon of Brazil to deforestation.

而就在我們演講期間, 巴西亞馬遜 有大約 15 公頃的雨林 因砍伐而縮減。

【90】That's bigger than 20 football fields.

這大過 20 個足球場的面積。

【91】Every 10 minutes, countless praying mantises gone.

每十分鐘, 無數(shù)的螳螂也會消失。

【92】No matter how magical darkness is, when it covers the Amazon tonight, these areas will be empty.

不論今晚籠罩在亞馬遜上空的 黑夜有多么美妙, 有些區(qū)域已經(jīng)空空如也。

【93】A silent mourning that few will hear.

這似乎是鮮有人注意到的 無聲的哀悼。

【94】We are documenting species that may not exist in future generations.

我們在記錄幾代以后 可能會消失的物種。

【95】We’re just beginning to learn about them, and we are sharing our discoveries so that we can increase their chances of survival.

我們才剛開始了解它們, 而且我們會貢獻(xiàn)出我們的發(fā)現(xiàn), 以增加它們存活下來的機(jī)會。

【96】Last October, we led our National Geographic-funded expedition "Amazon from dusk to dawn,"

去年十月, 我們帶領(lǐng)了一場 由國家地理學(xué)會資助的 “從黃昏到黎明的亞馬遜”探險,

【97】with a team of amazing scientists and storytellers eager to find new ways of exploring the night.

成員包括一隊(duì)渴望找到 探索夜晚新途徑的 優(yōu)秀科學(xué)家和作家。

【98】And here, for the first time, you're going to see what happens when we expose praying mantises to pure ultraviolet light.

現(xiàn)在, 你們將第一次 看到我們把螳螂暴露在 純紫外線下會發(fā)生什么。

【99】LF: They all shine it back to us, in colors we could have never even dreamed of.

菲亞特:它們的身軀閃著光, 而且是那種做夢都想象不到的顏色。

【100】A brilliant blue is some species, a soft and warming orange in others, and then all at once, on this beautiful hooded mantis.

有些品種是亮眼的藍(lán)色, 有些則是柔和而溫暖的橙色, 而這只美麗的 蒙面螳螂放出各種光芒。

【101】These colors are real, technology allowed us to see them with our naked eyes.

這些全是真實(shí)的色彩; 技術(shù)使得我們可以 用肉眼看到它們,

【102】A visible and magical fluorescence.

這種直觀又魔幻的熒光。

【103】Even the dead leaf mantis was certainly sparkling like liquid fire.

即使是死去的葉螳螂也像 液體火焰那般閃耀著。

【104】And to our delight, the whole jungle reverberated in unimaginable colors.

令人欣喜的是, 整個叢林中綻放著超乎想象的光彩。

【105】What are they trying to communicate?

它們在試圖傳達(dá)什么？

【106】Which other secrets are we missing?

我們還缺失哪些秘密呢？

【107】And yet again, rainforest at night shows us how little we understand about its beauty.

同樣地, 夜晚的雨林突顯了 我們對它的美有多么的無知。

【108】With hundreds of hours of nocturnal dives, our expeditions are filled with wonders in the rainforest zootopia.

隨著數(shù)百小時潛入雨林, 我們的探險滿滿收獲了 動物天地里的各式奇觀。

【109】We are hoping these discoveries will kick off this new era where science, arts, technology will bloom again in favor of nature.

我們希望這些發(fā)現(xiàn) 將拉開新時代的帷幕。 那時,科學(xué)、藝術(shù) 與技術(shù)將迎合著大自然 再次走向復(fù)興。

【110】The age of exploration on planet Earth is far from over.

地球上的人類探索時代 遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束;

【111】And in the nights of the rainforest, it is just beginning.

它才剛從雨林中的夜色中開始。

【112】(Both) Thank you.

（兩位嘉賓）謝謝大家。

【113】(Applause and cheers)