financial turmoil/meltdown 金融危機(jī)? ?federal Reserve 美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)

real estate 房地產(chǎn)share 股票valuation 股價(jià)equity market 股市shareholder 股東

macroeconomic 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)saving account 儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶go under 破產(chǎn)

take a nosedive （股市）大跌tumble 下跌

big macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盤(pán)股offering list 上市

bourse 證交所

corporate champion 龍頭企業(yè)Shanghai Exchange 上海證交所pension fund 養(yǎng)老基金

mutual fund 共同基金

hedge mutual fund 對(duì)沖式共同基金

underwriter 保險(xiǎn)商government bond 政府債券budget 預(yù)算

deficit 赤字delist 摘牌

mongey-loser 虧損企業(yè)inventory 存貨

traded company, trading enterprise 上市公司stakeholder 利益相關(guān)者

transparency 透明度

market fundamentalist 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基本規(guī)則damage-contral machinery 安全顧問(wèn)efficient market 有效市場(chǎng)

intellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)opportunistic practice 投機(jī)行為entrepreneur 企業(yè)家

cook the book 做假帳regulatory system 監(jiān)管體系portfolio 投資組合

money-market 短期資本市場(chǎng)capital-market 長(zhǎng)期資本市場(chǎng)

volatility 波動(dòng)diversification 多元化option 期權(quán)

call option 看漲期權(quán)put option 看跌期權(quán)merger 并購(gòu)arbitrage 套利

Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉證券交易委員會(huì)dollar standard 美元本位制

bad debt 壞帳

fiscal stimulus 財(cái)政刺激a store of value 保值

transaction currency 結(jié)算貨幣forward exchange 期貨交易intervention currency 干預(yù)貨幣Treasury bond 財(cái)政部公債current-account 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目pickup in rice 物價(jià)上漲

Federal Reserve 美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)inflation 通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮

tighter credit 緊縮信貸monetary policy 貨幣政策foreign exchange 外匯spot transaction 即期交易

forward transaction 遠(yuǎn)期交易o(hù)ption forward transaction 擇期交易swap transaction 調(diào)期交易

quote 報(bào)價(jià)

settlement and delivery 交割buying rate 買(mǎi)入價(jià)

selling rate 賣(mài)出價(jià)spread 差幅contract 合同

at par 平價(jià)premium 升水discount 貼水

direct quotation method 直接報(bào)價(jià)法indirect quotation method 間接報(bào)價(jià)法dividend 股息

domestic currency 本幣floating rate 浮動(dòng)利率

parent company 母公司credit swap 互惠貸款venture capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本book value 帳面價(jià)值physical capital 實(shí)際資本

IPO(initial public offering) 新股首發(fā)；首次公開(kāi)發(fā)行job machine 就業(yè)市場(chǎng)

welfare capitalism 福利資本主義collective market cap 市場(chǎng)資本總值global corporation 跨國(guó)公司transnational status 跨國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)transfer price 轉(zhuǎn)讓價(jià)格consolidation 兼并

leverage 杠桿

file for bankruptcy 申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)bailout 救助

take over 收購(gòu)

buy out 購(gòu)買(mǎi)(某人的)產(chǎn)權(quán)或全部貨物falter 搖搖欲墜

on the hook 被套住

shore up confidence 提振市場(chǎng)信心

stave off 擋開(kāi), 避開(kāi), liquidate assets 資產(chǎn)清算at fire sale prices 超低價(jià)sell-off 證券的跌價(jià)

不景氣 slump （衰退 recession）二板市場(chǎng) the second board market China Growth Enterprise Market 中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)板

market capitalization 市場(chǎng)資本總額institutional shares 法人股

private company shares 內(nèi)部股（非上市招股） bull market 牛市

legal risk 法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

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risk management? ? ?風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理

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maintain strong underwriting standards 堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion) 六大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)credit risk 信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

supply-side economist 供給學(xué)派

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agriculture (primary industry) 第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）

manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)） service industry (tertiary industry) 第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)）

major economic indicators 主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)

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GDP gross domestic product 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 （商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）

GNP gross national product 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 （商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）

GDP per capital 人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值macro economy 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)mutual fund 互助基金

expand domestic demand 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需

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inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 改善居民心理期encourage more immediate consumption 鼓勵(lì)增加即期消費(fèi)

long-term treasury bonds 長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債

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to service treasury bonds 支付國(guó)債利息deficits and the national debt 財(cái)政赤字和債務(wù)

calculate on the base line 按原口徑計(jì)算calculate at constant price 按不變價(jià)格計(jì)算calculate at comparable price 按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算listed in the fiscal budget 列入財(cái)政預(yù)算支出

the system of exchange, settlement and sales 結(jié)售匯制度

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favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差

engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 開(kāi)辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù)

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the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 出口退稅制度Deposit account system for processing trade 保證金臺(tái)帳制度pay by installment 分期付款

inflation-proof bank savings 保值儲(chǔ)蓄collateralised loans 抵押貸款residential mortgage loan 住房抵押貸款Monetarist 貨幣主義者

planned economy 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)

mandatory plan 指令性計(jì)劃technology intensive 技術(shù)密集型mass production 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)cash tree 經(jīng)濟(jì)林

follow-up auditing 跟蹤審計(jì)liquidity risk 流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)operational risk 操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)internal audit 內(nèi)部審計(jì)

bear sales 拋售

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supporting policies 配套政策

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The People’s Bank of China（central bank） 中國(guó)人民銀行（中央銀行） 4 major state-owned commercial banks 四大國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行

Bank of china 中國(guó)銀行

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ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China 中國(guó)工商銀行Construction Bank of China 中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行

Agricultural Bank of China 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行

China Merchants Bank 招商銀行soft stock 疲軟股票

allotment of shares 配股

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growth rate in real terms 實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)率average growth rate per annual 年均增長(zhǎng)率rate of return on investment 投資回報(bào)率total foreign trade value 外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額

incoming overseas capital (investment) in place 實(shí)際利用外資consumer price index (CPI) 消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)

retail price index （RPI） 零售價(jià)格指數(shù)

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total price index of living cost 生活費(fèi)用價(jià)格總指數(shù)income available for living expenses 生活費(fèi)用

in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 扣除物價(jià)因素residents’ bank savings deposit 居民儲(chǔ)蓄存款

Engel coefficient 恩格爾系數(shù)（食品開(kāi)支占總支出的比例） Gini coefficient 基尼系數(shù)（衡量地區(qū)差別）

purchasing power parity (PPP) 購(gòu)買(mǎi)力平價(jià)法 （衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、收入水平的一種計(jì)算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國(guó)內(nèi)購(gòu)買(mǎi)力）

excessive pursuit of growth 片面追求發(fā)展速度bubble economy? ? 泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)

overheating of economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱Inflation 通貨膨脹

the real economy 實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)laws of economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律market regulation 市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)

optimize allocation of resources 優(yōu)化資源配置advantage of economies of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)優(yōu)勢(shì)labor intensive 勞動(dòng)密集型

market risk 市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

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tighten up monetary policy 收緊銀根

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moderately tight fiscal policy 適度從緊的財(cái)政政策

credit crunch 信用緊縮

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In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improve 加強(qiáng)國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度

Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined. 合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限

ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets

保證有市場(chǎng)、有效益、守信用企業(yè)的流動(dòng)資金貸款

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attract investment from the private sector 啟動(dòng)民間投資

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the right products / readily marketable products 適銷(xiāo)對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 國(guó)有企業(yè)

collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 集體企業(yè)private businesses 私營(yíng)企業(yè)

privately-run businesses 民營(yíng)企業(yè)

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small-and-medium-sized enterprises 中小企業(yè)

overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises

(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)

三資企業(yè)（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨(dú)資） guaranty money for deposits 存款保證金withdrawal of currency from circulation 貨幣回籠absorb idle fund 吸收游資

commercial lending 經(jīng)常性貸款operating expenses 經(jīng)常性支出re-lending; subloan 再貸款

support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 支持國(guó)有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資

An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.? ? 改制上市

further standardize and develop the securities market 進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場(chǎng)

increase the proportion of direct financing 增加直接融資比重

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improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 完善股票發(fā)行上市制度

China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)Shenzhen Stock Exchange 深圳證券交易所市

Shanghai Stock Exchange 上海證券交易所composite index 綜合指數(shù)

NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 納斯達(dá)克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板）

the main board 主板市場(chǎng)Deflation 通貨緊縮

the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive 中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略

Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980

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第一步，到 1990 年國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比 1980 年翻一番

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Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.

.第二步，到 2000 年人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比 1980 年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平

Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’ s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries

第三步，到 21 世紀(jì)中期建國(guó) 100 周年時(shí)，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平be more closely linked to the world economy

與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系將更加緊密

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The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.

中國(guó)巨大的市場(chǎng)潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力

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The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.

適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全

?

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The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes. 經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng)

Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected. 一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會(huì)受到?jīng)_擊

proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play. 立足中國(guó)國(guó)情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì)

foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn)

bottleneck constraints 瓶頸制約

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decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s) 放權(quán)讓利

intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform 深化改革supporting (concomitant) reforms 配套改革

counterpart funds; local funding of 配套資金

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improve economic performance; increase economic returns 提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect 講求社會(huì)效益

develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy? ? 加速?lài)?guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)信息化

fuel economic growth 拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)

substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利改稅transform administrative fees into taxes 費(fèi)改稅

debt-to-equity swap 債轉(zhuǎn)股

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in an easy position (tight position) 頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺） sunrise industry 朝陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)

the system of public bidding for project 招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制

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give full play to the role of monetary policy 充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用follow a pro-active fiscal policy 實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策

bonds to banks to increase investment. 向銀行增發(fā)國(guó)債，擴(kuò)大投資Recapitalization 再注資

to ease monetary policy 放松銀根IT economy 信息經(jīng)濟(jì)

export-oriented economy 外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)information age 信息時(shí)代

Globalization 全球化? ? （全球性 globality） reputational risk 信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

risk rating 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)級(jí)

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default on a loan 到期不還貸

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Asian financial crisis (1997-98) 資不抵債亞洲金融危機(jī)investment (loan) portfolio 投資（貸款）組合sufficient foreign exchange reserves 外匯儲(chǔ)備充足

problems with financial sector in China 中國(guó)金融業(yè)問(wèn)題

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the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 儲(chǔ)蓄比例過(guò)高

high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises 國(guó)有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過(guò)高

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high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 國(guó)有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過(guò)高

insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institution 少數(shù)中小存款金融機(jī)構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù)

non-performing loans 不良貸款

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address financial risks 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

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creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力

?

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supervisory board 監(jiān)事會(huì)

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adopt prudential accounting standards 實(shí)行謹(jǐn)慎會(huì)計(jì)制度

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the five-category asset classification approach 五級(jí)分類(lèi)法劃分貸款質(zhì)量financial asset management companies 金融資產(chǎn)管理公司

substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分離和收回不良資產(chǎn)

business segregation, economy of scale 分業(yè)管理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)

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improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 規(guī)范金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場(chǎng)退出制度

state policy-related bank 政策性銀行State Development Bank 國(guó)家發(fā)展銀行knowledge-based economy 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)

Internet-based networked economy 網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)socialist market economy 社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)（中國(guó)） social market economy 社會(huì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)（德國(guó)）

new economy 新經(jīng)濟(jì)（美國(guó)） Everbright Bank of China 中國(guó)光大銀行

China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd. 中國(guó)民生銀行CITIC Industrial Bank 中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行

China EXIM Bank 中國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行

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Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC) 匯豐銀行financial supervision 金融監(jiān)管

Law of the People’s Bank of China 中國(guó)人民銀行法Law of Commercial Banks 商業(yè)銀行法

Law of Insurance 保險(xiǎn)法Law of Securities 證券法

Basel Core Principles 巴塞爾原則

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problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 監(jiān)管對(duì)象的行為有問(wèn)題、管理機(jī)制不健全

consciousness of risk prevention 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)proactive regulation and supervision 事前監(jiān)管

account number 帳目編號(hào)depositor 存戶

pay-in slip 存款單

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a deposit form 存款單

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a banding machine 自動(dòng)存取機(jī)to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收據(jù)private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存單deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡

principal 本金

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overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 雙簽

to endorse 背書(shū)endorser 背書(shū)人

to cash 兌現(xiàn)

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to honor a check 兌付

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to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票

check book 支票本order check 記名支票bearer check 不記名支票crossed check 橫線支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空頭支票

check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 現(xiàn)金支票traveler's check 旅行支票check for transfer 轉(zhuǎn)帳支票outstanding check 未付支票

canceled check 已付支票forged check 偽支票Bandar's note 莊票，銀票banker 銀行家

president 行長(zhǎng)savings bank 儲(chǔ)蓄銀行Chase Bank 大通銀行

National City Bank of New York 花旗銀行

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Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麥加利銀行Banque de I'Indo Chine 東方匯理銀行

central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央銀行bank of issue, bank of circulation 發(fā)行幣銀行commercial bank 商業(yè)銀行

credit bank 儲(chǔ)蓄信貸銀行discount bank 貼現(xiàn)銀行exchange bank 匯兌銀行

requesting bank 委托開(kāi)證銀行issuing bank, opening bank 開(kāi)證銀行

advising bank, notifying bank 通知銀行negotiation bank 議付銀行

confirming bank 保兌銀行paying bank 付款銀行

associate banker of collection 代收銀行consigned banker of collection 委托銀行clearing bank 清算銀行

local bank 本地銀行domestic bank 國(guó)內(nèi)銀行overseas bank 國(guó)外銀行unincorporated bank 錢(qián)莊branch bank 銀行分行

trustee savings bank 信托儲(chǔ)蓄銀行trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投資公司

trust institution 銀行的信托部credit department 銀行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商業(yè)信貸公司（貼現(xiàn)公司） neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道儲(chǔ)蓄所

credit union 合作銀行credit bureau 商業(yè)興信所self-service bank 無(wú)人銀行l(wèi)and bank 土地銀行

mutual savings bank 互助儲(chǔ)蓄銀行post office savings bank 郵局儲(chǔ)蓄銀行

mortgage bank, building society 抵押銀行industrial bank 實(shí)業(yè)銀行

home loan bank 家宅貸款銀行reserve bank 準(zhǔn)備銀行

chartered bank 特許銀行corresponding bank 往來(lái)銀行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兌銀行investment bank 投資銀行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 進(jìn)出口銀行joint venture bank 合資銀行

money shop, native bank 錢(qián)莊credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票據(jù)交換所public accounting 公共會(huì)計(jì)business accounting 商業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)cost accounting 成本會(huì)計(jì)

depreciation accounting 折舊會(huì)計(jì)computerized accounting 電腦化會(huì)計(jì)general ledger 總帳

subsidiary ledger 分戶帳

cash book 現(xiàn)金出納帳cash account 現(xiàn)金帳

journal, day-book 日記帳，流水帳investment 投資

surplus 結(jié)余

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economic cycle 經(jīng)濟(jì)周期economic boom 經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮economic recession 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條economic recovery 經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇devaluation 貨幣貶值revaluation 貨幣增值

international balance of payment 國(guó)際收支favorable balance 順差

adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通貨

soft currency 軟通貨

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international monetary system 國(guó)際貨幣制度the purchasing power of money 貨幣購(gòu)買(mǎi)力money in circulation 貨幣流通量

note issue 紙幣發(fā)行量national budget 國(guó)家預(yù)算

national gross product 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值public bond 公債

debenture 債券treasury bill 國(guó)庫(kù)券debt chain 債務(wù)鏈

direct exchange 直接（對(duì)角）套匯indirect exchange 間接（三角）套匯cross rate, arbitrage rate 套匯匯率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外匯儲(chǔ)備foreign exchange fluctuation 外匯波動(dòng)

foreign exchange crisis 外匯危機(jī)discount 貼現(xiàn)

discount rate, bank rate 貼現(xiàn)率gold reserve 黃金儲(chǔ)備

money (financial) market 金融市場(chǎng)stock exchange 股票交易所

broker 經(jīng)紀(jì)人commission 傭金bookkeeping 簿記bookkeeper 簿記員

an application form 申請(qǐng)單bank statement 對(duì)帳單letter of credit 信用證strong room, vault 保險(xiǎn)庫(kù)

equitable tax system 等價(jià)稅則specimen signature 簽字式樣

banking hours, business hours 營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間share, equity, stock 股票、股權(quán)negotiable share 可流通股份

treasury /government bond 國(guó)庫(kù)券/政府債券

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closed-end securities investment fund 封閉式證券投資基金open-end securities investment fund 開(kāi)放式證券投資基金market capitalization 市值

mark-to-market 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/結(jié)算put / call option 看跌/看漲期權(quán)rights issue/offering 配股

ADR(American Depository Receipt)美國(guó)存托憑證/存股證GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托憑證/存股證institutional investor 機(jī)構(gòu)投資者

proprietary trading 自營(yíng)market manipulation 市場(chǎng)操縱

IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公開(kāi)發(fā)行premium 溢價(jià)

share capital 股本composite index 綜合指數(shù)capital market 資本市場(chǎng)liquidity 流通性

highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠桿交易機(jī)構(gòu)subscribe 申購(gòu)

underwriter 承銷(xiāo)商road show 路演

primary market 一級(jí)市場(chǎng)information disclosure 信息披露blue chips 藍(lán)籌股

gilt-edged bond 金邊債券rating agency 評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)credit trading 信用交易

open/close a position 建/平倉(cāng)bond, debenture, debts 債券convertible bond 可轉(zhuǎn)換債券corporate bond 企業(yè)債券

fund manager 基金經(jīng)理/管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管銀行p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率payment versus delivery 銀券交付

commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生產(chǎn)品margins, collateral 保證金

bonus share 紅股dividend 紅利/股息

retail / private investor 個(gè)人投資者/散戶broker/dealer 券商

insider trading/dealing 內(nèi)幕交易prospectus 招股說(shuō)明書(shū)

merger and acquisition 收購(gòu)兼并warrant 認(rèn)股權(quán)證

raised capital/proceeds 籌資component index 成份指數(shù)turnover rate 換手率monetary market 貨幣市場(chǎng)hedge fund 對(duì)沖基金

self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律組織issuer 發(fā)行人

intermediary 中介機(jī)構(gòu)secondary listing 第二上市secondary market 二級(jí)市場(chǎng)controlling shareholder 控股股東red chips 紅籌股

junk bond 立即債券securities loan 融券

financing 融資

volatility 波動(dòng)diversification 多元化option 期權(quán)

call option 看漲期權(quán)put option 看跌期權(quán)merger 并購(gòu)arbitrage 套利

Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉證券交易委員會(huì)dollar standard 美元本位制

bad debt 壞帳

fiscal stimulus 財(cái)政刺激a store of value 保值

transaction currency 結(jié)算貨幣forward exchange 期貨交易intervention currency 干預(yù)貨幣Treasury bond 財(cái)政部公債current-account 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目pickup in rice 物價(jià)上漲

Federal Reserve 美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)inflation 通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮

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tighter credit 緊縮信貸monetary policy 貨幣政策foreign exchange 外匯spot transaction 即期交易

forward transaction 遠(yuǎn)期交易o(hù)ption forward transaction 擇期交易swap transaction 調(diào)期交易

quote 報(bào)價(jià)

settlement and delivery 交割buying rate 買(mǎi)入價(jià)

selling rate 賣(mài)出價(jià)spread 差幅contract 合同

at par 平價(jià)premium 升水discount 貼水

direct quotation method 直接報(bào)價(jià)法indirect quotation method 間接報(bào)價(jià)法dividend 股息

domestic currency 本幣floating rate 浮動(dòng)利率

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parent company 母公司credit swap 互惠貸款venture capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本book value 帳面價(jià)值physical capital 實(shí)際資本

IPO(initial public offering) 新股首發(fā)；首次公開(kāi)發(fā)行job machine 就業(yè)市場(chǎng)

welfare capitalism 福利資本主義collective market cap 市場(chǎng)資本總值global corporation 跨國(guó)公司transnational status 跨國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)transfer price 轉(zhuǎn)讓價(jià)格consolidation 兼并

leverage 杠桿

file for bankruptcy 申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)bailout 救助

take over 收購(gòu)

buy out 購(gòu)買(mǎi)(某人的)產(chǎn)權(quán)或全部貨物falter 搖搖欲墜

on the hook 被套住

shore up confidence 提振市場(chǎng)信心

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stave off 擋開(kāi), 避開(kāi), liquidate assets 資產(chǎn)清算at fire sale prices 超低價(jià)sell-off 證券的跌價(jià)

不景氣 slump （衰退 recession）二板市場(chǎng) the second board market China Growth Enterprise Market 中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)板

market capitalization 市場(chǎng)資本總額institutional shares 法人股

private company shares 內(nèi)部股（非上市招股） bull market 牛市

legal risk 法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

risk management? ? ?風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理

maintain strong underwriting standards 堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion) 六大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)credit risk 信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

supply-side economist 供給學(xué)派

agriculture (primary industry) 第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）

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manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)） service industry (tertiary industry) 第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)）

major economic indicators 主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)

GDP gross domestic product 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 （商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）

GNP gross national product 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 （商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）

GDP per capital 人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值macro economy 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)mutual fund 互助基金

expand domestic demand 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需

inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 改善居民心理期encourage more immediate consumption 鼓勵(lì)增加即期消費(fèi)

long-term treasury bonds 長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債

to service treasury bonds 支付國(guó)債利息deficits and the national debt 財(cái)政赤字和債務(wù)

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calculate on the base line 按原口徑計(jì)算calculate at constant price 按不變價(jià)格計(jì)算calculate at comparable price 按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算listed in the fiscal budget 列入財(cái)政預(yù)算支出

the system of exchange, settlement and sales 結(jié)售匯制度

favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差

engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 開(kāi)辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù)

the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 出口退稅制度Deposit account system for processing trade 保證金臺(tái)帳制度pay by installment 分期付款

inflation-proof bank savings 保值儲(chǔ)蓄collateralised loans 抵押貸款residential mortgage loan 住房抵押貸款Monetarist 貨幣主義者

planned economy 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)

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mandatory plan 指令性計(jì)劃technology intensive 技術(shù)密集型mass production 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)cash tree 經(jīng)濟(jì)林

follow-up auditing 跟蹤審計(jì)liquidity risk 流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)operational risk 操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)internal audit 內(nèi)部審計(jì)

bear sales 拋售

supporting policies 配套政策

The People’s Bank of China（central bank） 中國(guó)人民銀行（中央銀行） 4 major state-owned commercial banks 四大國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行

Bank of china 中國(guó)銀行

ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China 中國(guó)工商銀行Construction Bank of China 中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行

Agricultural Bank of China 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行

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China Merchants Bank 招商銀行soft stock 疲軟股票

allotment of shares 配股

growth rate in real terms 實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)率average growth rate per annual 年均增長(zhǎng)率rate of return on investment 投資回報(bào)率total foreign trade value 外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額

incoming overseas capital (investment) in place 實(shí)際利用外資consumer price index (CPI) 消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)

retail price index （RPI） 零售價(jià)格指數(shù)

total price index of living cost 生活費(fèi)用價(jià)格總指數(shù)income available for living expenses 生活費(fèi)用

in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 扣除物價(jià)因素residents’ bank savings deposit 居民儲(chǔ)蓄存款

Engel coefficient 恩格爾系數(shù)（食品開(kāi)支占總支出的比例） Gini coefficient 基尼系數(shù)（衡量地區(qū)差別）

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purchasing power parity (PPP) 購(gòu)買(mǎi)力平價(jià)法 （衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、收入水平的一種計(jì)算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國(guó)內(nèi)購(gòu)買(mǎi)力）

excessive pursuit of growth 片面追求發(fā)展速度bubble economy 泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)

overheating of economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱Inflation 通貨膨脹

the real economy 實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)laws of economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律market regulation 市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)

optimize allocation of resources 優(yōu)化資源配置advantage of economies of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)優(yōu)勢(shì)labor intensive 勞動(dòng)密集型

market risk 市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

tighten up monetary policy 收緊銀根

moderately tight fiscal policy 適度從緊的財(cái)政政策

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credit crunch 信用緊縮

In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improve 加強(qiáng)國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度

Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined. 合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限

ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets

保證有市場(chǎng)、有效益、守信用企業(yè)的流動(dòng)資金貸款

attract investment from the private sector 啟動(dòng)民間投資

the right products / readily marketable products 適銷(xiāo)對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 國(guó)有企業(yè)

collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 集體企業(yè)private businesses 私營(yíng)企業(yè)

privately-run businesses 民營(yíng)企業(yè)

small-and-medium-sized enterprises 中小企業(yè)

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overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises

(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)

三資企業(yè)（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨(dú)資） guaranty money for deposits 存款保證金withdrawal of currency from circulation 貨幣回籠absorb idle fund 吸收游資

commercial lending 經(jīng)常性貸款operating expenses 經(jīng)常性支出re-lending; subloan 再貸款

support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 支持國(guó)有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資

An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 改制上市

further standardize and develop the securities market 進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場(chǎng)

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increase the proportion of direct financing 增加直接融資比重

improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 完善股票發(fā)行上市制度

China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)Shenzhen Stock Exchange 深圳證券交易所市

Shanghai Stock Exchange 上海證券交易所composite index 綜合指數(shù)

NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 納斯達(dá)克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板）

the main board 主板市場(chǎng)Deflation 通貨緊縮

the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive 中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略

Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980

第一步，到 1990 年國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比 1980 年翻一番

Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.

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.第二步，到 2000 年人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比 1980 年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平

Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’ s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries

第三步，到 21 世紀(jì)中期建國(guó) 100 周年時(shí)，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平be more closely linked to the world economy

與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系將更加緊密

The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.

中國(guó)巨大的市場(chǎng)潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力

The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.

適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全

The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes. 經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng)

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Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected. 一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會(huì)受到?jīng)_擊

proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play. 立足中國(guó)國(guó)情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì)

foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn)

bottleneck constraints 瓶頸制約

decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s) 放權(quán)讓利

intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform 深化改革supporting (concomitant) reforms 配套改革

counterpart funds; local funding of 配套資金

improve economic performance; increase economic returns 提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect 講求社會(huì)效益

develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 加速?lài)?guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)信息化

fuel economic growth 拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)

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substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利改稅transform administrative fees into taxes 費(fèi)改稅

debt-to-equity swap 債轉(zhuǎn)股

in an easy position (tight position) 頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺） sunrise industry 朝陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)

the system of public bidding for project 招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制

give full play to the role of monetary policy 充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用follow a pro-active fiscal policy 實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策

bonds to banks to increase investment. 向銀行增發(fā)國(guó)債，擴(kuò)大投資Recapitalization 再注資

to ease monetary policy 放松銀根IT economy 信息經(jīng)濟(jì)

export-oriented economy 外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)information age 信息時(shí)代

Globalization 全球化 （全球性 globality） reputational risk 信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

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risk rating 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)級(jí)

default on a loan 到期不還貸

Asian financial crisis (1997-98) 資不抵債亞洲金融危機(jī)investment (loan) portfolio 投資（貸款）組合sufficient foreign exchange reserves 外匯儲(chǔ)備充足

problems with financial sector in China 中國(guó)金融業(yè)問(wèn)題

the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 儲(chǔ)蓄比例過(guò)高

high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises 國(guó)有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過(guò)高

high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 國(guó)有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過(guò)高

insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institution 少數(shù)中小存款金融機(jī)構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù)

non-performing loans 不良貸款

address financial risks 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力

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supervisory board 監(jiān)事會(huì)

adopt prudential accounting standards 實(shí)行謹(jǐn)慎會(huì)計(jì)制度

the five-category asset classification approach 五級(jí)分類(lèi)法劃分貸款質(zhì)量financial asset management companies 金融資產(chǎn)管理公司

substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分離和收回不良資產(chǎn)

business segregation, economy of scale 分業(yè)管理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)

improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 規(guī)范金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場(chǎng)退出制度

state policy-related bank 政策性銀行State Development Bank 國(guó)家發(fā)展銀行knowledge-based economy 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)

Internet-based networked economy 網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)socialist market economy 社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)（中國(guó)） social market economy 社會(huì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)（德國(guó)）

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new economy 新經(jīng)濟(jì)（美國(guó)） Everbright Bank of China 中國(guó)光大銀行

China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd. 中國(guó)民生銀行CITIC Industrial Bank 中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行

China EXIM Bank 中國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC) 匯豐銀行financial supervision 金融監(jiān)管

Law of the People’s Bank of China 中國(guó)人民銀行法Law of Commercial Banks 商業(yè)銀行法

Law of Insurance 保險(xiǎn)法Law of Securities 證券法

Basel Core Principles 巴塞爾原則

problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 監(jiān)管對(duì)象的行為有問(wèn)題、管理機(jī)制不健全

consciousness of risk prevention 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)proactive regulation and supervision 事前監(jiān)管

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account number 帳目編號(hào)depositor 存戶

pay-in slip 存款單

a deposit form 存款單

a banding machine 自動(dòng)存取機(jī)to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收據(jù)private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存單deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡

principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 雙簽

to endorse 背書(shū)endorser 背書(shū)人

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to cash 兌現(xiàn)

to honor a check 兌付

to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票

check book 支票本order check 記名支票bearer check 不記名支票crossed check 橫線支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空頭支票

check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 現(xiàn)金支票traveler's check 旅行支票check for transfer 轉(zhuǎn)帳支票outstanding check 未付支票

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canceled check 已付支票forged check 偽支票Bandar's note 莊票，銀票banker 銀行家

president 行長(zhǎng)savings bank 儲(chǔ)蓄銀行Chase Bank 大通銀行

National City Bank of New York 花旗銀行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麥加利銀行Banque de I'Indo Chine 東方匯理銀行

central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央銀行bank of issue, bank of circulation 發(fā)行幣銀行commercial bank 商業(yè)銀行

credit bank 儲(chǔ)蓄信貸銀行discount bank 貼現(xiàn)銀行exchange bank 匯兌銀行

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requesting bank 委托開(kāi)證銀行issuing bank, opening bank 開(kāi)證銀行

advising bank, notifying bank 通知銀行negotiation bank 議付銀行

confirming bank 保兌銀行paying bank 付款銀行

associate banker of collection 代收銀行consigned banker of collection 委托銀行clearing bank 清算銀行

local bank 本地銀行domestic bank 國(guó)內(nèi)銀行overseas bank 國(guó)外銀行unincorporated bank 錢(qián)莊branch bank 銀行分行

trustee savings bank 信托儲(chǔ)蓄銀行trust company 信托公司

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financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投資公司

trust institution 銀行的信托部credit department 銀行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商業(yè)信貸公司（貼現(xiàn)公司） neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道儲(chǔ)蓄所

credit union 合作銀行credit bureau 商業(yè)興信所self-service bank 無(wú)人銀行l(wèi)and bank 土地銀行

mutual savings bank 互助儲(chǔ)蓄銀行post office savings bank 郵局儲(chǔ)蓄銀行

mortgage bank, building society 抵押銀行industrial bank 實(shí)業(yè)銀行

home loan bank 家宅貸款銀行reserve bank 準(zhǔn)備銀行

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chartered bank 特許銀行corresponding bank 往來(lái)銀行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兌銀行investment bank 投資銀行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 進(jìn)出口銀行joint venture bank 合資銀行

money shop, native bank 錢(qián)莊credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票據(jù)交換所public accounting 公共會(huì)計(jì)business accounting 商業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)cost accounting 成本會(huì)計(jì)

depreciation accounting 折舊會(huì)計(jì)computerized accounting 電腦化會(huì)計(jì)general ledger 總帳

subsidiary ledger 分戶帳

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cash book 現(xiàn)金出納帳cash account 現(xiàn)金帳

journal, day-book 日記帳，流水帳investment 投資

surplus 結(jié)余

economic cycle 經(jīng)濟(jì)周期economic boom 經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮economic recession 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條economic recovery 經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇devaluation 貨幣貶值revaluation 貨幣增值

international balance of payment 國(guó)際收支favorable balance 順差

adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通貨

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soft currency 軟通貨

international monetary system 國(guó)際貨幣制度the purchasing power of money 貨幣購(gòu)買(mǎi)力money in circulation 貨幣流通量

note issue 紙幣發(fā)行量national budget 國(guó)家預(yù)算

national gross product 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值public bond 公債

debenture 債券treasury bill 國(guó)庫(kù)券debt chain 債務(wù)鏈

direct exchange 直接（對(duì)角）套匯indirect exchange 間接（三角）套匯cross rate, arbitrage rate 套匯匯率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外匯儲(chǔ)備foreign exchange fluctuation 外匯波動(dòng)

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foreign exchange crisis 外匯危機(jī)discount 貼現(xiàn)

discount rate, bank rate 貼現(xiàn)率gold reserve 黃金儲(chǔ)備

money (financial) market 金融市場(chǎng)stock exchange 股票交易所

broker 經(jīng)紀(jì)人commission 傭金bookkeeping 簿記bookkeeper 簿記員

an application form 申請(qǐng)單bank statement 對(duì)帳單letter of credit 信用證strong room, vault 保險(xiǎn)庫(kù)

equitable tax system 等價(jià)稅則specimen signature 簽字式樣

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banking hours, business hours 營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間share, equity, stock 股票、股權(quán)negotiable share 可流通股份

treasury /government bond 國(guó)庫(kù)券/政府債券

closed-end securities investment fund 封閉式證券投資基金open-end securities investment fund 開(kāi)放式證券投資基金market capitalization 市值

mark-to-market 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/結(jié)算put / call option 看跌/看漲期權(quán)rights issue/offering 配股

ADR(American Depository Receipt)美國(guó)存托憑證/存股證GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托憑證/存股證institutional investor 機(jī)構(gòu)投資者

proprietary trading 自營(yíng)market manipulation 市場(chǎng)操縱

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IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公開(kāi)發(fā)行premium 溢價(jià)

share capital 股本composite index 綜合指數(shù)capital market 資本市場(chǎng)liquidity 流通性

highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠桿交易機(jī)構(gòu)subscribe 申購(gòu)

underwriter 承銷(xiāo)商road show 路演

primary market 一級(jí)市場(chǎng)information disclosure 信息披露blue chips 藍(lán)籌股

gilt-edged bond 金邊債券rating agency 評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)credit trading 信用交易

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open/close a position 建/平倉(cāng)bond, debenture, debts 債券convertible bond 可轉(zhuǎn)換債券corporate bond 企業(yè)債券

fund manager 基金經(jīng)理/管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管銀行p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率payment versus delivery 銀券交付

commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生產(chǎn)品margins, collateral 保證金

bonus share 紅股dividend 紅利/股息

retail / private investor 個(gè)人投資者/散戶broker/dealer 券商

insider trading/dealing 內(nèi)幕交易prospectus 招股說(shuō)明書(shū)

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merger and acquisition 收購(gòu)兼并warrant 認(rèn)股權(quán)證

raised capital/proceeds 籌資component index 成份指數(shù)turnover rate 換手率monetary market 貨幣市場(chǎng)hedge fund 對(duì)沖基金

self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律組織issuer 發(fā)行人

intermediary 中介機(jī)構(gòu)secondary listing 第二上市secondary market 二級(jí)市場(chǎng)controlling shareholder 控股股東red chips 紅籌股

junk bond 立即債券securities loan 融券

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financing 融資