重難點(diǎn)分析

主謂一致即謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致，語法一致即謂語動(dòng)詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致，意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞要和主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，就近一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞要和靠近它的主語部分保持一致。主語的人稱和數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。

一、主謂一致原則一覽表

原則

概念

例句

語法一致原則

指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式

Steve Ember is a good ? player.

Children like toys.

意義一致

原則

指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

My family are having lunch ? now.

News is traveling fast ? nowadays.

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就近原則

謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語

There is a knife and two ? forks on the desk.

Either you or he is to go. ?

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二、概念歸納

1. 表時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、數(shù)字等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作“整體”看時(shí)，謂語常用單數(shù)。如：

Two hours is quite enough. 兩個(gè)小時(shí)足夠了。

2. 以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)其意思來接的謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

① 表學(xué)科的名詞(physics等)、書報(bào)名(the Times等)、國名(the United States等)或組織名稱(the United Nations等)及news作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

② 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如means, works等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)根據(jù)具體情況而定。如：

Every means has been tried. 每種方法都試過了。

All means have been tried. 所有的方法都試過了。

③ the Olympic Games作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

3. 集體名詞作主語時(shí)，視其意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

① people, police, cattle, youth等名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

② clothing, furniture, equipment等名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

③ family, class, government等名詞表示整體概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，表單位成員時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

4. “a number of / a variety of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“the+形容詞”指一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of / the variety of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、 “the+形容詞”作主語指抽象的事物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

The beautiful is loved by all. (表抽象的概念) 美的事物人人都愛。

5. 以and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但名詞前有each, every, no修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

Walking and riding are good exercises. 散步和騎車是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday. 每個(gè)男孩與女孩都想要假期。

注意：當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞在意義上指的是同一人、物或概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如：The teacher and writer is popular with his students. 那位是作家兼老師，很受學(xué)生歡迎。(指同一人)

6. 動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句視后面的表語而定。如：

What we need is time. 我們需要的是時(shí)間。

What we need are books. 我們需要的是書籍。

7. 主語后接with, together with, including, combined with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, in addition to等構(gòu)成的介詞短語時(shí)，謂語根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：

John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 約翰，而不是他的室友，應(yīng)該收到責(zé)備。

8. 在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)one之前有the only/very等修飾時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning. 她是今天早上上課遲到的女孩之一。

This is the only one of the girls who was late for school this morning. 她是唯一一個(gè)今天早上上課遲到的女孩。

9. glasses, shoes, trousers等復(fù)數(shù)名詞若其前有pair/kind/type/box of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語根據(jù)量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：

A pair of shoes is under the bed. 床下有一雙鞋。

10. 由“a lot of / lots of / plenty of / half of / the rest of / most of +名詞/代詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞視其所接的名詞決定單復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Three fifths of the books are intended for the poor students. 五分之三的書是為貧困學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的。

The rest of the money belongs to you. 剩下的錢是你的。

11. 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞或代詞作主語及there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞與它靠近的主語保持一致。如：

Not only we but also the teacher likes watching the CBA basketball games. 不僅是我們，還有老師也喜歡看CBA籃球賽。

12. “不定代詞(all指人除外)、many a +名詞單數(shù)、more than one +名詞單數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

All has been finished. 所有的都完成了。

All are late for the meeting. 所有人開會(huì)都遲到了。

More than one person has made the suggestion. 不僅一個(gè)人提出了建議。

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空 用be動(dòng)詞或所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. The United States of America ___________ one of the most developed countries in the world.

2. Every means ___________ tried, but in vain.

3. Not only my sister but also I ___________ good at painting. Both of us ___________ good painters.

4. Going to bed early ___________ a good habit.

5. I, who ___________ your teacher, will try my best to help you out.

6. “All ___________ present and all ___________ going on well,” the chairman said.

7. The old ___________ taken good care of in our country.

8. An iron and steel works, with some other factories ___________ to be built here.

9. The number of people invited ___________ fifty, but a number of them ___________ absent for different reasons yesterday.

10. I as well as they ___________ ready to help you.

11. What we need ___________ enough water, but what they need ___________ houses.

12. Her family ___________ larger than mine and her family ___________ watching TV now.

13. There ___________ a big table and six chairs in the dining room.

14. The rest of food ___________ (leave) for the rest of the students who ___________ (have) gone to the library.

15. We need one of the students who ___________ at the meeting.

?? He is the only one of the students who ___________ (speak) English fluently.

16. Many a student in our class ___________ pop music while many students in their class ___________ classic music. (like)

17. Each of them ___________ Chinese food. They each ___________ Chinese food. (enjoy)

18. The worker and writer referred to ___________ (go) to write a comedy.

19. This kind of cartoons ___________ well in the bookstore while cartoons of that kind ___________ badly. (sell)

20. No boy and no girl ___________ (prevent) by the heavy rain from taking part in the activity.

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二、語篇填空 用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

My School Life

The number of teachers and students in our school ?????1???? ?(be) about 2,000 and two thirds of the students in my class ?????2???? ?(be) girls. All ?????3???? ?(be) going on well in my class and every boy and every girl ?????4???? ?(be) ready to help others. Li Lin is the only one of my best friends who ?????5???? ?(come) from Guangzhou, and the rest ?????6???? ?(be) local people. Politics ?????7???? ?(be) my favorite subject and listening to music ?????8???? ?(be) what I often do in my spare time. Whether I can be admitted to university ?????9???? ?(be) still unknown, but what I need to do now ?????10???? ?(be) not wasting any time.

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三、語法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

First Aid Kit

we should all have one, and in fact, we should all have more than one. ???1 ???(recommend) state that you should carry a first aid kit in the car, there should be a first aid kit in the home, in the office, at school, when you go out hiking, cycling or on any other type of outdoor adventure, we need access ???2 ???first aid kits at all times. Make sure that you find out ???3 ???the first aid kits ???4 ???(store) when they are needed. Being prepared for an emergency is vital, and a well-stocked (備貨充足的) first aid kit can make sure that you are ready for ???5 ???(emergency) as they happen.

First aid kits are available ready made in many different shapes and sizes. Many people find ???6 ???convenient to buy a ready-made first aid kit, it saves having to think, ???7 ???other people prefer to make up their own first aid kit and buy the necessary items ???8 ???(individual).?Even if you buy a ready-made first aid kit, however, you’ve still got to check it out occasionally to:

◆replace any items which have been used

◆replace any medications which ???9 ???(become) out of date

◆stock up on personalized medication

◆make sure that the batteries still work in the flashlight

There are some items which must be included in your first aid kit and ???10 ???which are more personal. The stuff (東西) you must include are: … (please find out the items on your own.)

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四、佳作欣賞 下面是一篇摘自全國英語高考書面表達(dá)的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語言表達(dá)，注意其中主謂一致的問題，用心體會(huì)其用法。

Dear David,

?? How are you getting on with everything? I have got some good news to tell you.

?? I won the Experience UK Knowledge Contest last week and I will be given a chance to visit Britain for eight days in January at no charge! I am really grateful to you for all your help with my English learning. By exchanging emails with you, I have learned a lot about native English as well as a lot of knowledge about Britain.

?? I will tell you about the arrangements for the trip when I have got further information about it. Hopefully we can meet each other in your home country during my stay there.

Best wishes,

Li Hua

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. is? 2. has been? 3. am; are? 4. is? 5. am? 6. are; is? 7. are? 8. is? 9. was; were? 10. am? 11. is; are? 12. is; are? 13. is? 14. is left; have? 15. speak; speaks? 16. likes; like? 17. enjoys; enjoy? 18. is going? 19. sells; sell? 20. was prevented

二、語篇填空

1. is? 2. are? 3. is? 4. is? 5. comes? 6. are? 7. is? 8. is? 9. is? 10. is

三、語法填空

本人主要介紹了急救箱以及如何置辦急救箱。

1. Recommendations? 考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。作主語用名詞形式，根據(jù)state是非第三人稱單數(shù)謂語可知要用復(fù)數(shù)。注意首字母要大寫。

2. to? 考查介詞。習(xí)慣搭配access to…意為“可以使用，接近，用到”。

3. where? 考查連接詞?？盏那昂笫莾蓚€(gè)分句，故一定是填連接詞，肯定句意可知，此處應(yīng)填where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作find out的賓語。

4. are stored? 考查謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，store在此處作謂語，故只需要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，語態(tài)要用被動(dòng)。故填are stored。(做語法填空題時(shí)，只要做到有根有據(jù)，一般都不會(huì)錯(cuò))

5. emergencies? 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的they可知此處要用復(fù)數(shù)，故填emergencies。

6. it? 考查代詞。作形式賓語。真正的賓語是后面的不定式短語to buy a ready-made first aid kit。

7. although? 考查連接詞。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。句意：雖然其他人更喜歡制作自己的急救箱和單獨(dú)地買各種所需物品，但很多人覺得買一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的急救箱很方便，這樣不用考慮太多。

8. individually? 考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。individually修飾前面的動(dòng)詞buy。

9. have become? 考查謂語動(dòng)詞。此處become作謂語，考慮時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。此外由第一點(diǎn)replace any items which have been used也可知此題也應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：替換那些已經(jīng)過期的藥品。

10. others? 考查代詞。根據(jù)前面的some可知，some…others…一些……其他。

助讀詞匯

ready-made adj. 現(xiàn)成的?????????????? medication n. 藥物

vital adj. 至關(guān)重要的???????????????? occasionally adv. 偶爾；不定期地

available adj. 可用的???????????????? personalized adj. 個(gè)性化的

flashlight n. 手電筒????????????????? at all times 始終

go hiking 去遠(yuǎn)足??????????????????? out of date 過期的

check out 核實(shí)????????????????????? stock up on 置辦

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