https://www.Tankarchives.ca/2015/10/world-of-Tanks-history-sections-Tank.html,作（譯）者為Tank?archives的Peter,2015/10/4,星期日

原文為坦克世界獨聯(lián)體區(qū)（俄服）的一篇歷史介紹類文章，現(xiàn)為404狀態(tài)，因而其真實作者已不可考

個人授權(quán)翻譯

當(dāng)然該文章講編制的內(nèi)容才是真精華，后面的大伙看個樂呵就行

封面圖、頭圖和插圖均為近衛(wèi)第七重型坦克旅（即柏林熊）的歷史照片，系中譯者自己添加

World of Tanks History Sections: Tank Guards Strike Force 蘇聯(lián)近衛(wèi)裝甲打擊部隊

In the fall of 1942, Soviet high command created a new combat instrument for the Red Army: Guards Independent Heavy Tank Regiments. These units were to serve as a battering ram on the offensive or as the anchor for a defense. These regiments were composed of 21 Tanks and auxiliary units. In total, the regiment contained about 220 men. This structure remained almost unchanged for the remainder of the war.

1942年秋，蘇聯(lián)最高統(tǒng)帥部為紅軍創(chuàng)造了一種全新的編制：獨立近衛(wèi)重型坦克團。這些單位既可作為攻擊的矛頭，又可作為防御的錨點。其包含了21輛坦克以及其他輔助單位，約合220人。直到戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束，該編制都幾乎沒有發(fā)生變化。

Composition of a heavy Tank regiment in 1944:

一個1944年的重型坦克團包括有如下單位：

·?Commander's Tank團長座車

·?Company HQ:連【譯注：？】部：

o?Political department政治部

o?Technical department技術(shù)部

o?Quartermaster department后勤部

o?Operational department行動部

o?Control platoon控制排

o?Sapper platoon工兵排

o?Maintenance platoon維修排

·?Regimental medical team團醫(yī)療組

·?1st company (commander IS-2)1連（1輛IS-2指揮車）

o?1st platoon (2x IS-2)1排（2輛IS-2）

o?2nd platoon (2x IS-2)2排（2輛IS-2）

·?2nd company (commander IS-2)2連（1輛IS-2指揮車）

o?1st platoon (2x IS-2)1排（2輛IS-2）

o?2nd platoon (2x IS-2)2排（2輛IS-2）

·?3rd company (commander IS-2)3連（1輛IS-2指揮車）

o?1st platoon (2x IS-2)1排（2輛IS-2）

o?2nd platoon (2x IS-2)2排（2輛IS-2）

·?4th company (commander IS-2)4連（1輛IS-2指揮車）

o?1st platoon (2x IS-2)1排（2輛IS-2）

o?2nd platoon (2x IS-2)2排（2輛IS-2）

·?SMG company (94 men)沖鋒槍連（94人）

·?Technical service company技術(shù)服務(wù)連

【譯注：可以對比一下德佬的虎營，很多人都以為團就一定要比營要更強，實際上這只是一種刻板印象罷了】

In a little over two years, six types of Tanks served in these regiments.

在短短兩年內(nèi)，就有6種重型坦克曾服役于這些單位中。

Churchill丘吉爾

The British Churchill infantry Tank was delivered to the USSR through the Lend-Lease program. Due to a lack of other heavy Tanks, the first breakthrough regiments were equipped with these Tanks. Most units received Churchill III and Churchill IVs.

丘吉爾步兵坦克通過租借法案來到蘇聯(lián)。因為無車可用的原因，第一批突破坦克團都裝備了該型坦克，主要是丘吉爾III和丘吉爾IV。

The Churchill was a well armoured, but clumsy Tank. Its 6-pounder (57 mm) gun was adequate at the time for fighting German Tanks, but was lacking against fortifications.

丘吉爾很硬，但也很慢。坦克的六磅炮打打德佬坦克還行，碰到工事就萎了。

Regiments armed with Churchills fought on all parts of the front until the end of the war. During the battle of Kursk in the summer of 1943, a successful ram of a Tiger Tank was performed by a Churchill.

裝備丘吉爾坦克的部隊在整條前線上浴血奮戰(zhàn)到了勝利的那一天。在1943年的庫爾斯克戰(zhàn)役中，丘吉爾坦克成功地沖撞【譯注：？】了一輛虎式坦克。

?

KV-1

A Soviet Tank, well protected and armed with a 76 mm gun. At the first stages of the war, it could destroy any German Tank, while being immune to most German guns.

這輛蘇聯(lián)坦克防護精良，配有一門76mm炮。在戰(zhàn)爭初期，它可以輕易社保任何一輛德佬坦克，并在大多數(shù)情況下都能全身而退。

The KV-1 was produced at the Kirov factory in Leningrad. After evacuation due to the blockade, production resumed in Chelyabinsk.

KV-1量產(chǎn)于列寧格勒的基洛夫工廠。后來其因封鎖而被疏散至車里雅賓斯克，并繼續(xù)量產(chǎn)工作。

In 1942, with the arrival of more powerful guns and Tiger Tanks, the KV-1 became obsolete. In addition, the Tank had serious problems with its transmission due to its large weight. Production was canceled in favour of the lighter and more reliable KV-1S. However, these Tanks fought until the end of the war.

到了1942年，隨著威力更強的反坦克炮和虎式坦克的出現(xiàn)，KV-1變得落伍了。同時，該坦克的巨大重量壓垮了其傳動系統(tǒng)。在更輕快更可靠的KV-1S出現(xiàn)后，該車停止量產(chǎn)，并繼續(xù)服役到了戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束。

?

KV-1S

The letter S in the name of the Tank stands for "speedy". The vehicle entered production in 1942 as a modernized KV-1. Due to reduced armour thickness, the Tank's weight dropped to 42.5 tons, giving it good mobility.

該車名字中的S代表“快速”之意。其在1942年作為KV-1的改進型號被投入量產(chǎn)。該車憑借著更薄的裝甲換來了更低的車重（42.5噸）和更高的機動性。

A new turret was designed for this Tank, housing a 76 mm gun. The Tank entered production in the summer of 1942, but did not last for very long. As with the KV-1, its gun was insufficient for fighting the new Tiger Tanks.

這輛坦克配有一個新炮塔，但裝的還是76mm炮。其量產(chǎn)始于1942年夏，但在不久后即宣告停產(chǎn)。就如KV-1一般，該車貧弱的主炮無法對抗新的虎式坦克。

KV-1S production stopped in 1943, but these Tanks remained in the army until the end of the war.

KV-1S停產(chǎn)于1943年，但剩下的坦克服役到了戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束。

?

KV-85

A serious drawback of the KV-1S was its 76 mm gun, which was no longer impressive in 1943. The KV-85 became an intermediate step between this Tank and the new IS. About 150 of these Tanks were produced in Chelyabinsk.

KV-1S最大的一個問題便是其到了1943年已經(jīng)風(fēng)光不再的76mm主炮，而KV-85便成了KV-1S坦克與IS坦克之間的過渡產(chǎn)品。在車里雅賓斯克廠大概生產(chǎn)了150輛該型坦克。

The vehicle had an altered KV-1S hull with a new turret and an 85 mm gun. The same gun was used on the upcoming IS Tank, but development was going slowly.

該車沿用了KV-1S的車體，但換裝了一個裝85mm炮的新炮塔。該炮的開發(fā)進展遲緩，并被繼續(xù)用于IS坦克上。

?

IS-1

This Tank was designed at the Chelyabinsk Kirov factory under the supervision of Joseph Kotin. Its appearance was heralded by the arrival of Tiger and Panther Tanks, as a result of which Soviet Tank forces lost their edge over the Germans.

該型坦克在約瑟夫·科京的監(jiān)督下于車里雅賓斯克基洛夫工廠完成設(shè)計?；⑹教箍撕捅教箍说某霈F(xiàn)，以及蘇聯(lián)裝甲部隊在裝備質(zhì)量優(yōu)勢上的喪失，預(yù)示了這款坦克的出現(xiàn)。

The IS-1 was also called IS-85 after its gun caliber. The age of this Tank did not last long, as the development of a Tank with a 122 mm gun started almost at the same time as work on this Tank.

因為主炮口徑的原因，IS-1又被稱為IS-85。該型坦克沒有存在過多久，因為另一種使用122mm火炮的坦克幾乎是與其同時展開了設(shè)計。

About 130 IS-1 Tanks were produced at Chelyabinsk, then the Tank gave up its place on the assembly line for the better armed IS-2.

車里雅賓斯克廠一共生產(chǎn)了約130輛IS-1，然后他們就改產(chǎn)更強的IS-2去了。

IS-2

This heavy Tank was superior among all that were used by heavy Tank regiments. The IS-2 was armed with a powerful 122 mm gun, making it effective not only against enemy Tanks, but also fortifications.

該重型坦克要優(yōu)于以上所有被重型坦克團使用過的坦克。IS-2配有一門威力強勁的122mm主炮，該炮不僅在對抗敵軍坦克時表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀，還能錘爆敵方工事。

The combat debut of the IS-2 was during the spring of 1944. These Tanks fought across the entire front and, due to the nature of the breakthrough regiment, were always in the center of events.

IS-2的首秀是在1944年春季。這些坦克奮戰(zhàn)于整條前線，并且由于其突破團的性質(zhì)，總是會處于戰(zhàn)斗的焦點位置。

Over 3500 IS-2 Tanks were built. After the end of WWII, the Tank was exported and was used for about 50 years by countries allied with the USSR.

IS-2坦克的總產(chǎn)量超過了3500輛。在二戰(zhàn)后，該型坦克遠渡重洋，去往各個蘇聯(lián)的盟國，并繼續(xù)服役了約50年之久。