refrain
音標(biāo)：
美音：/r??fre?n/，英音：/r??fre?n/

聽聽基本釋意：

見原文：https://engapi.com/article/4739

外刊例句：
But it is likely to get more difficult to refrain from wading into the Trump situation.
但要避免卷入特朗普的局勢可能會變得更加困難。
—New York Times

Much the way Mr. Putin has refrained from enacting multiple conscriptions of soldiers to avert prompting antiwar sentiment, the Kremlin has left parents some leeway to avoid propaganda lessons.
就像普京沒有多次征兵以避免激起反戰(zhàn)情緒一樣，克里姆林宮也給父母留下了一些余地，以避免接受宣傳教訓(xùn)。
—New York Times

Ukrainian officials have mostly refrained from complaining about broken equipment, so as not to embarrass their benefactors.
烏克蘭官員大多沒有抱怨設(shè)備損壞，以免讓他們的恩人難堪。
—New York Times

基本釋意：
verb
resist doing something
v. 克制，避免

同義詞：
forbear,abstain,desist,chorus

短釋義：
It’s usually hard to refrain from doing something: you might find it difficult to refrain from eating dessert after dinner, for example — especially when your aunt makes her double chocolate chunk brownies. The Latin word refrēnāre is formed from the prefix re-, “back,” plus frēnāre, “to hold a horse back with a bridle.” No need to hold back when using refrain as a noun; it’s the part of a song or poem that repeats.
當(dāng)有人在安靜的教室里打嗝時，很難抑制住笑聲。如果你突然有想做某事的沖動，但又阻止了自己做某事，請使用動詞 refrain。

長釋義：
It’s usually hard to refrain from doing something: you might find it difficult to refrain from eating dessert after dinner, for example — especially when your aunt makes her double chocolate chunk brownies. The Latin word refrēnāre is formed from the prefix re-, “back,” plus frēnāre, “to hold a horse back with a bridle.” No need to hold back when using refrain as a noun; it’s the part of a song or poem that repeats.
通常很難不做某事：例如，您可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在晚餐后不吃甜點(diǎn)，尤其是當(dāng)您的阿姨制作雙層巧克力塊布朗尼時。拉丁語單詞 refrēnāre 由前綴 re-（“后背”）加上 frēnāre（“用韁繩拴住馬”）組成。使用 refrain 作為名詞時無需猶豫；它是歌曲或詩歌中重復(fù)的部分。

文學(xué)例句：
You know the refrain he uses sometimes in his sermons?
你知道他在布道時有時會使用的副歌嗎？
—Taste of Salt: A Story of Modern Haiti by Frances Temple

I wanted to ask; but that was a question at present without an answer, and I refrained.
我本來想問;但目前這是一個沒有答案的問題，我沒有回答。
—Nectar in a Sieve by Kamala Markandaya

If the song was being done properly, with both a man and a woman alternating the verses, the song was further complicated by the female’s counter harmony in the refrains.
如果這首歌做得很好，由一個男人和一個女人交替唱詩，那么這首歌會因為副歌中女性的反和聲而變得更加復(fù)雜。
—The Name of the Wind by Patrick Rothfuss

詞源：
refrain?(v.)mid-14c., refreinen, transitive, “exercise control over, restrain; hold (someone or something) back from action,” senses now obsolete, also “exercise control over” (thoughts, desires, feelings, vices, etc.); from Old French refraigner, refrener, refreiner “restrain, repress, keep in check” (12c., Modern French réfréner).This is from Latin refrenare “to bridle, hold in with a bit, check, curb, keep down, control,” from re- “back” (see re-) + frenare “restrain, furnish with a bridle,” from frenum “a bridle,” a word of uncertain etymology (de Vaan supports a theory that it is connected to fretus “relying on”).The classical spelling was restored in French but not in English. In Middle English chiefly transitive. Intransitive sense of “forbear, keep oneself (from)” is from mid-15c. Reflexive sense of “control oneself, put restraint upon oneself” is from late 14c. Related: Refrained; refraining.Related entries & more

下面是詞源的翻譯（機(jī)器翻譯比較難翻，參考著看）
refrain (v.)mid-14c., refreinen, 及物，“行使控制，抑制；阻止（某人或某事）采取行動”，感覺現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過時了，也“行使控制”（思想、欲望、感覺、惡習(xí)） ， ETC。）;源自古法語 refrenare、refrener、refreiner “抑制、壓抑、控制”（12c.，現(xiàn)代法語 réfréner）。這來自拉丁語 refrenare “to bridle，稍微按住，檢查，遏制，抑制，控制， ” 源自 re- “后背”（參見 re-）+ frenare “約束，用韁繩裝飾”，源自 frenum “韁繩”，一個詞源不確定的詞（de Vaan 支持一種理論，認(rèn)為它與 fretus “依賴于”）。法語中恢復(fù)了古典拼寫，但英語中沒有恢復(fù)。在中古英語中主要為及物動詞。不及物意義“forbear, keep myself (from)”是從15世紀(jì)中期開始的。 “控制自己、約束自己”的反射意識是從14世紀(jì)末開始的。相關(guān)：克制；克制。相關(guān)條目及更多