leading cause?

• ? main cause; root cause 主要原因; 根本原因

【例】Lack of physical exercise is the leading cause of obesity in young students.缺乏體育鍛煉是青少年學(xué)生肥胖的主要原因。

【例】Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death. 從全球來看，癌癥是人類的第二大死因。

disability n.

• ? an illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult for someone to do some things that other people do, and that is usually permanent or lasts for a long time. 殘疾

【例】a physical/learning disability身體/學(xué)習(xí)障礙

【例】She is deaf, but refuses to let her disability prevent her from doing what she wants to do. 她是聾子，但拒絕讓自己的殘疾妨礙她做自己想做的事。

struggle with

• ? to use a lot of effort to defeat someone, prevent something, or achieve something. 與…斗爭

【例】For years she struggled with/against the establishment to get her theories accepted. 多年來，她一直在與當權(quán)派斗爭以使自己的理論被接受。

【例】Sometimes, Chinese people struggle with the test as well. 有時候，中國人自己也考不好。

say

• ? express a supposition. 表達一種假設(shè)

【例】Let us say that he did not tell the truth. 讓我們假設(shè)他沒有說實話

【例】Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do? 假設(shè)你有很多錢—你會怎么做？

depressed adj.

• ? unhappy and without hope. 沮喪的

【例】He seemed a bit depressed about his work situation. 他似乎對自己的工作狀況有點沮喪

【例】She became deeply depressed when her husband died. 丈夫去世后，她變得非常沮喪。

down adj.

• ? unhappy; unable to feel excited or energetic about anything. 沮喪的；低落的

【例】She's been really down since her husband left. 自從她丈夫離開后，她真的很沮喪。

【例】I've been (feeling) a little bit down this week. 這周我有點情緒低落。

bring on

• ? to cause something to happen, esp. something bad 引起

【例】Reading in a dim light may bring on a headache. 在光線暗的情況下看書會引起頭痛。

【例】Disappointment with the collapse of his plan and perhaps also his weakness brought on his severe hunger made it impossible for him to move. 對他的計劃失敗的失望，也許還有他極度饑餓帶來的虛弱，使他無法行動。

?

trigger n.

1.?a part of a gun that causes the gun to fire when pressed. 扳機

【例】It's not clear who actually pulled the trigger. 目前尚不清楚到底是誰扣動了扳機。

2.?an event or situation, etc. that causes something to start. 引發(fā)

【例】There are fears that the incident may be a trigger for more violence in the capital. 有人擔心，這起事件可能會引發(fā)首都發(fā)生更多暴力事件。

pops up

• ? to appear or happen, especially suddenly or unexpectedly 突然出現(xiàn); 冷不防冒出

【例】You solved one problem and another would immediately pop up. 你解決完一個問題，另一個問題又會馬上冒出來。

【例】Pop up a window to ask for permission each time. 彈出一個窗口每次詢問許可。

out of the blue idiom

• ? If something happens out of the blue, it is completely unexpected. 突然; 出乎意料地

【例】One day, out of the blue, she announced that she was leaving. 有一天，她突然宣布要離開。

【例】One of them wrote to us out of the blue several years later. 數(shù)年后他們中的一人突然給我們寫了一封信。

circumstance n.

• ? A circumstance is the condition in which something happens. 條件; 環(huán)境; 狀況

【例】Under no circumstances should you approach the man. 在任何情況下你都不應(yīng)該接近那個男人。

【例】She died in suspicious circumstances. 她死得蹊蹺。

disorder n.

• ? an illness of the mind or body. 疾病

【例】a blood disorder血液病

【例】The family have a history of mental disorder. 這家人有精神障礙病史。

go away

• ? to disappear. 消失

【例】Make no mistake, this is one crisis that won't just go away. 要知道，這是一場不會自行消失的危機。

【例】She was on antibiotics for an eye infection that wouldn't go away 由于眼睛感染一直不見好，她在服用抗生素。

linger v.

• ? to take a long time to leave or disappear. 繼續(xù)存留

【例】It is a dreary little town where few would choose to linger. 這是個沉悶的小鎮(zhèn)，沒幾個人會愿意在此流連。

【例】The smell from the fire still lingered days later. 幾天后，火的氣味仍然揮之不去。

consecutive adj.

• ? If things are consecutive, they happen one after the other with no break. 連續(xù)不斷的

【例】There are five consecutive snowstorms on five consecutive days. 連續(xù)五天有五場連續(xù)的暴風(fēng)雪。

【例】Unemployment has risen again for the third consecutive month. 失業(yè)率連續(xù)第三個月再次上升。

interfere with sth

• ? to prevent something from working effectively or from developing successfully. 妨礙; 干擾

【例】Even a?low?level?of?noise?interferes?with my?concentration. 即使是低水平的噪音也會干擾我的注意力。

symptoms n.

• ? any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease. 癥狀

【例】He's complaining of all the usual flu symptoms - a high temperature, headache, and so on. 他抱怨所有常見的流感癥狀——高溫、頭痛等等。

appetite n.

• ? the feeling that you want to eat food. 食欲; 胃口

【例】I haven't got much of an appetite (= I am not hungry). 我沒有太多食欲

【例】The children all have healthy/good appetites (= they eat a lot). 孩子們的食欲都很好

worthless adj.

1. having no value in money. 無價值的,不值錢的

【例】The company's shares are now virtually worthless. 該公司的股票現(xiàn)在幾乎毫無價值。

2. unimportant or useless 一無是處的；不中用的

【例】She was criticized so much by her employers that she began to feel worthless. 她受到雇主的批評太多，以至于她開始覺得自己毫無價值。

excessively adv.

• ? in a way that is too much. 過度地; 過分地

【例】She was polite but not excessively so. 她彬彬有禮，但并不過分。

【例】I don't drink excessively. 我不酗酒。

restlessness n.

• ? the quality of being unwilling or unable to stay still or to be quiet and calm, because you are worried or bored. 煩躁不安; 輾轉(zhuǎn)不安

【例】The signs of restlessness among young Chinese make for a less predictable political future. 中國年輕人群體的不安分跡象，使中國未來政治走向更加難以預(yù)測。

【例】He was seized with a restlessness he could not account for. 他突然感到一陣莫明其妙的不安情緒。

slowness n.

• ? an inability to understand or notice things quickly. 遲緩; 遲鈍

【例】Forrest was a little slow, however his slowness could easily be classified as naiveness. 福雷斯特有點遲鈍，但他的遲鈍很容易被歸類為天真。

【例】Slowness causes trouble. 迂緩誤事。

recurrent adj.

• ? happening again many times. 反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的

【例】The 'what ifs' of history is a recurrent theme in her writing. 歷史的“假設(shè)”是她寫作中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的主題。

【例】A dentist may decide to extract the tooth to prevent recurrent trouble 牙醫(yī)可能會決定拔掉那顆牙，以免反復(fù)發(fā)作。

qualify v.

• ? reach a standard. 具有資格; 達標

【例】Derrick won his tennis match and qualified for the semifinals. 德里克贏得了網(wǎng)球比賽，晉級半決賽。

【例】New businesses may qualify for tax remission. 新的企業(yè)可以有資格享受稅收減免。

diagnosis n.

• ? a judgment about what a particular illness or problem is, made after examining it. 診斷

【例】The doctor has made an initial diagnosis. 醫(yī)生已作出初步診斷。

【例】Diagnosis of the disease is difficult in the early stages. 這種疾病的早期診斷很困難。

manifestation n.

• ? appearance. 表現(xiàn)

【例】Unlike acid rain or deforestation, global warming has no visible manifestation. 與酸雨或森林砍伐不同，全球變暖沒有明顯的表現(xiàn)。

【例】Different animals in the colony had different manifestations of the disease. 在這一群體里，這種疾病在不同的動物身上有著不同的表現(xiàn)。

naked adj.?

1. not covered by clothes 裸體的

【例】a naked man一個裸體男子

【例】naked bodies裸露的身體

2. Something that is naked does not have its usual covering 裸露的

【例】naked eye肉眼，裸眼

【例】a naked hillside (= one without trees or plants) 裸露的山坡

be associated with something

• ? If problems or dangers are associated with a particular thing or action, they are caused by it. 如果問題或危險與特定的事情或行動有關(guān)，那么它們就是由它引起的。

【例】在本文里：depression is associated with a few things…指抑郁癥由以下幾點因素引起。

【例】The cancer risks associated with smoking have been well documented. 與吸煙相關(guān)的癌癥風(fēng)險已被充分記錄。

abnormal adj.

• ? different from what is usual or average, especially in a way that is bad. 異常的

【例】abnormal behaviour/weather/conditions異常行為/天氣/條件

【例】Tests revealed some abnormal skin cells. 測試發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些異常的皮膚細胞。

transmission n.

• ? the act of sending or giving something 傳播

【例】You can stop the transmission of some diseases by washing your hands often. 你可以通過經(jīng)常洗手來阻止某些疾病的傳播。

depletion n.

• ? the act of decreasing something markedly 損耗; （資源）耗減

【例】Essential fatty acid depletion in children with inflammatory bowel disease炎癥性腸病兒童缺乏必需脂肪酸

【例】The project addresses the depletion of land and energy resources. 該項目涉及到土地和能源資源的枯竭。

blunt v/adj.?

1. v. to make something less sharp or less strong. 使減弱; 使降低效應(yīng); 使(尖端、刃)變鈍

【例】My recent bad experience has blunted my enthusiasm for travel. 我最近的糟糕經(jīng)歷削弱了我對旅行的熱情。

2. adj. not sharp and therefore not able to write, cut, etc. well. 鈍的; 不鋒利的

【例】a blunt pencil/ knife 一只鈍鉛筆/一把鈍刀

3. adj. saying what you think without trying to be polite or considering other people's feelings. 嘴直的; 直言的

【例】I'll be blunt - that last?piece?of?work?you did was?terrible. 坦率地說，你做的最后一件事太糟糕了。

circadian rhythms n.

• ? a daily cycle of activity observed in many living organisms. 生理節(jié)奏; 生物周期;

【例】Regular mealtimes, not just regular sleep times, help regulate our circadian rhythms. 不僅是有規(guī)律的睡眠時間，有規(guī)律的飲食時間也對調(diào)節(jié)我們的生理節(jié)奏有幫助。

hormone n.

• ? any of various chemicals made by living cells that influence the development, growth, sex, etc. of an animal and are carried around the body in the blood. 激素,荷爾蒙

【例】male and female hormones 雄性和雌性激素

【例】growth hormones 生長激素

abnormality n.

• ? something abnormal, usually in the body. 異常

【例】genetic/congenital abnormalities遺傳性/先天性異常

【例】The X-rays showed some slight abnormality. X光片顯示出一些輕微的異常。

deregulation n.

• ? Deregulation is the removal, or cancellation, of certain rules or directives. (The prefix "de-" here means "remove.") 放松管制;解除管制

【例】Since deregulation, banks are permitted to set their own interest rates.管制撤銷之后，銀行可以自行設(shè)定利率。

picture n.

• ? a description that gives you an idea in your mind of what sth is like. 描繪；描述

【例】After watching the news, I had a clearer picture of what was happening. 看完新聞后，我對正在發(fā)生的事情有了更清晰的了解。

【例】The police are trying to build up a picture of what happened. 警方正試圖掌握事情發(fā)生的經(jīng)過。

have to do with something idiom

• ? to be about something. 與…有關(guān)

【例】My question has to do with last week’s assignment. 我的問題與上周的作業(yè)有關(guān)。

【例】Excuse me, but I want to know what all this has to do with us. 抱歉，我想知道所有這些和我們有什么關(guān)系。

interaction n.?

• ? a situation where two or more people or things communicate with each other or react to each another. 相互作用

【常用搭配1】interaction between sb/sth and sb/sth?

【例】There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers. 管理層和工人之間沒有足夠的互動。

【常用搭配2】interaction of sth and sth?

【例】A great advertising campaign comes from the successful interaction of strategic planning and creative skills. 一個偉大的廣告活動來自于戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和創(chuàng)意技能的成功互動。

【常用搭配3】interaction with sb?

【例】We select employees who will be good at face-to-face interaction with customers. 我們會挑選善于與客戶面對面交流的員工。

【常用搭配4】interaction among sth?

【例】The engineering conference encourages interactions among experts in different fields. 工程會議鼓勵不同領(lǐng)域的專家進行互動。

show up

1. to appear or be seen. (使)顯現(xiàn)

【例】The virus does not show up in blood tests. 這種病毒在血液測試中沒有表現(xiàn)出來。

2.?to arrive for a gathering or event 參加聚會

【例】He showed up late for the meeting. 他參加會議遲到了。

intangible adj./n.

1. adj. influencing you but not able to be seen or physically felt. 無形的

【例】There is the intangible benefit of playing a home game before a friendly crowd. 在友好的觀眾面前進行主場比賽有一種無形的好處。

【例】She has that intangible quality which you might call charisma. 她有一種無形的特質(zhì)，你可以稱之為魅力。

2. n. something that exists but that cannot be touched, exactly described, or given an exact value. 無形的東西

【例】Common sense and creativity are some of the intangibles we're looking for in an employee. 常識和創(chuàng)造力是我們在員工身上尋找的一些無形的東西。

【例】His ability to inspire and lead players is an intangible that is difficult to quantify. 他激勵和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)球員的能力是無形的，很難量化。

It takes sb some time to do sth

• ? = sb spend some time in doing sth 做某事花費某人多少時間

【例】It took me half an hour to do the work. = I spent half an hour in doing the work. 我花了半個小時做這項工作。

effective adj.

• ? (used about a treatment or drug) working well when used by people in general, as opposed to only under carefully controlled scientific testing conditions. （用于治療或藥物）一般人使用時效果良好，而不是僅在精心控制的科學(xué)測試條件下使用。

【例】Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment. 阿司匹林藥片治療方法簡便，效果卻非常顯著。

【例】It's an extremely effective cure for a headache. 這是治療頭痛非常有效的方法。

treatment n.

1.the use of drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person of an illness or injury. 療法;診治

【例】free dental treatment 免費牙科治療

【例】This disease doesn't generally respond to treatment. 這種疾病通常對治療沒有反應(yīng)。

2.?the way you deal with or behave toward someone or something. 對待; 待遇

【例】He accused the governor of giving rich people special treatment. 他指責州長給予富人特殊待遇

【例】We were given the full VIP treatment. 我們得到了全面的貴賓待遇。

therapy n.

1. treatment to help a person get better from the effects of a disease or injury. 治療;療法

【例】Have you had any therapy for your depression? 你對抑郁癥做過治療嗎？

2. = psychotherapy 心理治療

【例】a therapy group 心理治療小組

【例】She's in therapy. 她在接受心理治療。

complement v.

• ? to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it. 補充;補足

【例】Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly. 草莓和奶油相得益彰。

【例】The music complements her voice perfectly. 音樂與她的聲音相得益彰。

boost v.

• ? to increase or improve something. 促進; 使增長; 提高; 幫助; 激勵

【例】The company is looking for ways to boost sales in Asia, its biggest market. 該公司正在尋找提高其最大市場亞洲銷售額的方法。

【例】I tried to boost his morale by praising his cooking. 我試圖通過贊揚他的烹飪來鼓舞他的士氣。

promising adj.

• ? showing signs of future success or achievement. 有希望的; 有前途的

【例】She is a highly promising young musician. 她是一位非常有前途的年輕音樂家。

【例】The weather doesn't look very promising.天氣看起來不會太好。

investigate v.

• ? to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to discover the truth. 偵查(某事); 調(diào)查(某人); 研究

【例】The FBI has been called in to investigate. 聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局奉命進行調(diào)查。

【例】Scientists are investigating the effects of diet on fighting cancer. 科學(xué)家正在研究飲食的抗癌作用。

seek out

• ? to look for someone or something, especially for a long time until you find him, her, or it. 尋找到; 找出

【例】While he was at the library, Steve decided to seek out some information on the history of the area. 在圖書館時，史蒂夫決定尋找一些有關(guān)該地區(qū)歷史的信息。

【例】Now is the time for local companies to seek out business opportunities in Europe. 對于當?shù)毓緛碚f，現(xiàn)在是時候去歐洲尋求商機了。

offer to help

• ? 主動提供幫助

【例】Their offer to help was at bottom self-centred. 他們提出要幫忙，這其實還是他們?yōu)樽约嚎紤]。

【例】I think you might at least offer to help? 我認為你至少可以主動幫忙吧？

insurmountable adj.

• ? (especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully無法克服的

【例】insurmountable difficulties無法克服的困難

【例】This small country is faced with an insurmountable debt. 這個小國面臨著無法克服的債務(wù)。

ashamed adj.

• ? feeling guilty or embarrassed about something you have done or about a quality in your character. 慚愧的;羞愧的

【例】You've got nothing to be ashamed of. 你沒有什么好羞愧的。

【例】He was ashamed to admit to his mistake. 他不好意思承認自己的錯誤。

trait n.

• ? a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior. 特征, 特點

【例】His sense of humour is one of his better traits. 他的幽默感是他更好的特點之一。

【例】Arrogance is a very unattractive personality/character trait. 傲慢是一種非常沒有吸引力的性格特征。

get over

• ? to get better after an illness, or feel better after something or someone has made you unhappy. 克服; 從…恢復(fù)過來

【例】She was only just getting over the flu when she got a stomach bug. 她剛從流感中恢復(fù)過來，就得了胃病。

【例】It took him years to get over the shock of his wife dying. 他花了好幾年時間才從妻子去世的震驚中恢復(fù)過來。

temporary adj.?

• ? not lasting or needed for very long. 暫時的

【例】The ceasefire will only provide a temporary solution to the crisis. ?；鹬荒転槲C提供暫時的解決方案。

【例】temporary staff臨時工作人員

erode v.

1. to slowly reduce or destroy something侵蝕;削弱

【常見搭配】erode value/profits/margins侵蝕價值/利潤/利潤

【例】Sudden movements in exchange and interest rates can erode profit margins. 匯率和利率的突然波動可能會侵蝕利潤率。

【常見搭配】erode confidence/support削弱信心/支持

【例】The retail industry is struggling with eroding consumer confidence and a weakening sales trend. 零售業(yè)正在與消費者信心的下降和銷售趨勢的減弱作斗爭。

2. to gradually destroy the surface of sth through the action of wind, rain, etc.; to be gradually destroyed in this way 被風(fēng)、雨等侵蝕

【例】The cliff face has been steadily eroded by the sea.峭壁表面逐漸被海水侵蝕。

stigma n.

• ? a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair. 恥辱; 污名

【例】There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. 離婚不再是恥辱。

【例】Being an unmarried mother no longer carries the social stigma that it used to. 作為一個未婚母親，不再像過去那樣帶有社會污名。