推動職業(yè)教育高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

Promote Quality Vocational Education

職業(yè)教育日益受到關(guān)注，越來越多的職校畢業(yè)生憑借扎實的技能，在就業(yè)市場上備受青睞?！奥毿W(xué)生還沒畢業(yè)就被搶空”的話題也登上熱搜、引發(fā)熱議。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，近5年，職業(yè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)率持續(xù)保持高位水平，高等職業(yè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)生半年后就業(yè)率穩(wěn)定在90％左右，中等職業(yè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)生半年后就業(yè)率穩(wěn)定在95％左右。

Vocational education is gaining increasing attention. Employers scramble to vocational school graduates with strong technical skills. Many students get job offers before graduation. Stories about the marketability of vocational school graduates keep popping up on social media. Statistics show that vocational school graduates have consistently boasted a high employment rate over the past five years: about 90% for post-secondary vocational school graduates and about 95% for secondary vocational school graduates within six months of graduation.

職業(yè)院校學(xué)生成為就業(yè)市場的“香餑餑”，折射出職業(yè)教育在人才培養(yǎng)上的顯著優(yōu)勢。近年來，職業(yè)教育不斷增強(qiáng)適應(yīng)性，調(diào)整專業(yè)設(shè)置，深化產(chǎn)教融合，與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展同頻共振，進(jìn)發(fā)出強(qiáng)勁的生機(jī)與活力。

As vocational school graduates become sought after in the job market, the benefits of a vocational education are brought to the fore. In recent years, the vocational education sector has been thriving thanks to its focus on enhancing its relevance by better aligning training programs with changing economic and social development needs and incorporating more real-world skills.

作為國民教育體系和人力資源開發(fā)的重要組成部分，職業(yè)教育肩負(fù)著培養(yǎng)多樣化人才、傳承技術(shù)技能、促進(jìn)就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)的重要職責(zé)。推動現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，就必須更加深刻理解職業(yè)教育的價值意義。

As a key pillar of the national education system and the national human resource development strategy, vocational education is crucial for workforce training in a diverse array of skills in demand, including entrepreneurial skills. A clear understanding of the importance of quality vocational education is essential to its development.

一方面，大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育符合人才成長規(guī)律。從人才成長的角度而言，人的個性、稟賦、特長不同，成長成才的路徑也不盡相同。在實現(xiàn)出彩人生的機(jī)會上，發(fā)展職業(yè)教育無疑提供了更多選擇。另一方面，大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育符合社會經(jīng)濟(jì)生活對多樣化人才的需求。隨著我國進(jìn)入新的發(fā)展階段，產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整不斷加快，各行各業(yè)對技術(shù)技能人才的需求也日益緊迫。破解當(dāng)下勞動力市場中一些崗位無人問津、另一些崗位卻擠破腦袋的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，讓人才供給與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的崗位需求相匹配，大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育正當(dāng)其時。

On the one hand, vocational training helps talent growth. As individuals have distinct personality traits, interests, and talents, their paths to self-development are not the same. Vocational training expands an individual’s options to develop their skills and talents. On the other hand, vocational training responds to the need for diverse talent in social and economic development. As our country has entered a new stage of development, with industrial upgrading and economic restructuring picking up the pace, the urgency of meeting the demand for technical and skilled personnel has become increasingly apparent. Developing vocational education provides a timely solution to a structural impediment to matching labor supply to economic and social development needs. The existing mismatch has left some jobs unfilled while others are flooded with applications.

當(dāng)然，我們也要看到，相較于普通教育，社會對職業(yè)教育的接受度、認(rèn)可度仍顯不夠。與此同時，飛速發(fā)展的新技術(shù)、層出不窮的新職業(yè)，也在催生著職業(yè)教育探索新模式。

Public perception is another issue, of course. General education remains a popular choice for many, whereas the bias against vocational education persists. At the same time, technological advances together with the emergence of new employment opportunities call for new approaches to vocational training.

從教育內(nèi)部看，制約職業(yè)教育高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的一些因素亟待破解。比如在普職分流方式上，亟須鞏固職業(yè)教育類型定位，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)職業(yè)教育與普通教育協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展；再如部分職業(yè)院校專業(yè)設(shè)置和教學(xué)仍調(diào)整不及時，導(dǎo)致學(xué)生與崗位匹配“錯位”，這就需要職業(yè)院校進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)教融合。

Within the education sector, vocational education faces a number of obstacles that have to be addressed. For example, the way in which students are funneled into either general or vocational schooling leaves room for improvement. Vocational programs should be more focused on industry-specific courses. The development of vocational education should go hand in hand with that of general education. Another culprit responsible for some schools' lackluster performance is their failure to stay in synch with job market trends, resulting in skills mismatch. This underscores the importance of incorporating real-world skills in demand into training programs.

從外部環(huán)境看，職業(yè)教育發(fā)展是一項系統(tǒng)工程，需要全社會共同努力，提高技術(shù)技能人才社會地位，為職業(yè)教育發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境。前不久人社部發(fā)出通知，要求維護(hù)、保障職業(yè)院校畢業(yè)生參加事業(yè)單位公開招聘的合法權(quán)益和平等競爭機(jī)會，種種舉措正為職業(yè)教育發(fā)展提供有力托舉。

Moreover, the issue of promoting vocational education has to be dealt with in a larger context. A whole-of-society approach is required. Efforts in this connection include improving the status of technical school graduates and creating better conditions for vocational education. In a circular issued not long ago, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security urges respect for the right of vocational college graduates to apply for jobs in public institutions through a fair and open competitive process, as part of the move to support the development of vocational education.

相信通過不斷推動職業(yè)教育高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，將成就更多“技能改變?nèi)松钡木使适隆?/p>

We are confident that consistent efforts to strengthen quality vocational education will lead to more success stories about the power of life-changing technical training.

（蔡力堅 譯）

轉(zhuǎn)載來源：中國翻譯 譯匠

轉(zhuǎn)載編輯：邢薇