TED演講者：Meghan Hussey / 梅根·赫西

演講標題：4 ways to design a disability-friendly future / 共創(chuàng)殘疾友好未來的四種方法

內(nèi)容概要：Nearly fifteen percent of the world's population lives with a disability, yet this massive chunk of humanity is still routinely excluded from opportunities. Sharing her experience growing up with an autistic sister, disability inclusion advocate Meghan Hussey illuminates the path towards an inclusive future in four steps, and it starts with an attitude check on assumptions and stereotypes. Designing a world built for everyone is not a "nice to have," Hussey says -- it's critical to the fabric of society.

世界上有接近15%的總?cè)丝诨加猩硇恼系K，而這樣龐大的群體卻總是在日常中被拒之門外。梅根·赫西（Meghan Hussey）分享了她與自閉癥姐姐一起成長的經(jīng)歷，作為一位殘障共融倡議者，她提出四種方法，點亮了一條通往共融未來的道路，其第一步即摒棄先入為主的觀念。創(chuàng)建一個屬于每個人的世界，并不是一道的附加題，而是構(gòu)建一個社會的關(guān)鍵所在。

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【1】I've never known life without disability.

我很難想象一個 沒有身障人士的世界。

【2】Disability is where a physical or mental condition or impairment is combined with physical or social barriers that make it hard for a person to do certain things or interact with the world around them.

殘障是指 生理或心理上的疾病或損傷 再加上物理或社會層面的障礙, 讓人難以實現(xiàn)某些事情, 或是融入他們身邊的一切。

【3】Disability is very diverse, with a wide range of experiences that can affect a person's ability to see, move, hear, learn, communicate or interact with others.

殘障的種類非常廣泛, 會帶來各種體驗, 影響身障人士的視覺、 行動、聽覺、學(xué)習能力, 或是和他人溝通的能力。

【4】In my case, my sister Erin is autistic and has intellectual disabilities.

就我身邊的例子來說,我姐姐艾琳 患有自閉癥伴隨智力障礙,

【5】She processes the world differently.

她有她自己的處世方式,

【6】She enjoys riding her bike, collecting rubber ducks, watching YouTube videos on repeat and spending the money she earns at work.

她喜歡騎自行車, 收集黃色小鴨, 反復(fù)看同一個Youtube影片, 也愛花自己工作賺來的錢。

【7】When she's really happy, she squeals and claps her hands.

開心的時候, 她會一邊尖叫一邊拍手。

【8】Though, for many people Erin is different, she is my normal.

即便如此,對很多人來說, 艾琳還是很不一樣。 但對我來說,她再正常不過了。

【9】In my family, we were raised with the core value that different is not less.

父母從小教育我們 這樣的核心價值觀: 不同并不代表不足。

【10】But it was made clear to me that the rest of the world didn't always share this value.

但我很清楚, 世界上其他人不一定是這樣想的。

【11】Like, I'll never forget, one time in middle school, my sister's aid had made a video of her learning how to communicate using speech and sign and thriving in an inclusive classroom where she was loved and accepted just for who she is.

我永遠不會忘記在我中學(xué)的時候, 我姐姐的輔助人員做了一段影片, 是關(guān)于她如何用短句和手語 和別人溝通的, 如何在充滿愛和包容的課堂中成長, 受到人們的接納。

【12】And I brought it to school, wanting to share, to give my classmates the opportunity to learn more about autism, only to be told by my teacher that the faculty had decided against it to "protect" me from other students inevitably making fun of her.

我把這個影片帶去學(xué)校 與同學(xué)們分享, 讓他們有機會了解自閉癥, 卻被老師告知學(xué)校不允許我這樣做, 所謂“保護”我 免受同學(xué)們對她的嘲笑。

【13】It was one of many instances that taught me what stigma was.

這只是羞辱我的其中一個例子而已。

【14】With every rude comment, when Erin would have a sensory meltdown in a public place, with every casual use of the slur retard, by even childhood friends of mine with every judgmental stare,

每一句粗魯?shù)拇朕o, 讓艾琳在公共場合情緒崩潰, 每一次童年玩伴脫口而出“弱智”, 每一個充滿嫌棄的眼神,

【15】I learned that the rest of the world didn't necessarily see Erin for the full human being that she is.

我明白世界上的其他人 不會把艾琳當作 一個健全的人去對待。

【16】Now, when I went off to college, I didn't know what role, if any, disability would play in my life outside my family.

在我離家上大學(xué)前, 我不知道身心障礙 在我的家庭之外, 對我而言會意味著什么。

【17】It wasn't until I studied abroad in China for my International Relations major that my personal background with disability and my career came together.

直到我去中國研讀了國際關(guān)系學(xué), 我與身障人士相處的經(jīng)歷, 從此和我的職業(yè)結(jié)合起來了。

【18】Through a class I was taking on social issues in Beijing, I had the opportunity to visit an autism school there and was introduced to a local disability rights advocacy organization.

我在北京上了一門 關(guān)于社會問題的課程, 恰巧有機會到訪 那邊一所自閉癥學(xué)校, 又被介紹到當?shù)匾粋€ 殘疾人權(quán)益倡導(dǎo)協(xié)會,

【19】I ended up interning with them and got completely absorbed into that community.

最終我在那邊實習 并完全融入了那一群人。

【20】I was finally able to see how my family's struggle was part of something much larger, and the magnitude of what I found actually shocked me.

我終于看到了我家庭所經(jīng)歷的困擾, 只是冰山一角, 問題大到令我難以置信。

【21】Over a billion people, an estimated 15 percent of the world's population, have some form of disability.

超過十億人口, 也就是大概全球 15% 總?cè)丝? 患有不同形式的身心障礙。

【22】And persons with disabilities as a group worldwide face huge amounts of stigma and disadvantage.

世界各地的身障人士都同樣 處于弱勢地位并備受恥辱。

【23】Just to use education as an example, of the 240 million children with disabilities in the world, about 50 percent have never been to school.

就教育來說, 世界上有 2.4 億的殘障兒童, 其中一半沒能上學(xué)。

【24】I was appalled that I had been studying global human rights at an Ivy League school, and even though the problem was so unbelievably huge, not once had disability really ever come up.

更讓我震驚的是, 我一直在一所常春藤大學(xué) 研究全球人權(quán)議題, 而身障人士如此龐大的問題 卻從來沒有被提出過。

【25】So I decided to pivot, and I've spent the past decade in my career to disability inclusion in international development.

所以我決定轉(zhuǎn)移研究方向, 在過去十年的職業(yè)生涯中, 我一直在努力發(fā)展 全世界對身障人士的包容。

【26】I returned to China on a Fulbright scholarship to do research on education and programs for autistic adolescents and adults.

我利用弗爾布萊特計劃 發(fā)放的獎學(xué)金回到中國, 對自閉癥青少年和成人教育 進行研究,并為他們開設(shè)專屬項目。

【27】I then went on to do research or work with disability organizations in places like Tanzania, Ireland and South Africa.

我接著在一些國家, 如坦桑尼亞、愛爾蘭和南非, 和當?shù)氐纳碚先耸繀f(xié)會一起做研究。

【28】I now work globally with Special Olympics, using sport as a platform to teach and promote inclusive attitudes.

我現(xiàn)在在世界各地和特奧會一起, 用體育作為平臺, 來發(fā)展人們對身障人士的包容態(tài)度。

【29】And what I found is that all over the world, even though countries' specific cultural context or systems might be different, the underlying problem of attitude barriers remains the same.

而我發(fā)現(xiàn),全世界各個國家, 就算各自的文化背景不同, 造成身障人士遭受歧視 其根本問題是一樣的。

【30】And the research backs me up.

研究表明我的假設(shè)是對的。

【31】The second most cited barriers to inclusion, after lack of data, is negative attitudes towards disability.

除了數(shù)據(jù)缺乏, 帶來這種壁壘的第二大原因, 是人們對身心障礙的消極態(tài)度。

【32】What people don't realize is that exclusion hurts everyone.

人們沒有意識到 這樣的隔膜傷害了每一個人。

【33】The International Labour Organization estimates that disability exclusion costs low- and middle-income countries between three and seven percent of GDP.

據(jù)國際勞動組織預(yù)估, 人們對身障人士的排斥, 讓中低收入國家 損失了 3% 到 7% GDP。

【34】But the opposite is also true.

反之亦然,

【35】Inclusion could help everyone.

包容則使得每個人都受益。

【36】Our research at Special Olympics has found that inclusive sport and youth leadership programming has benefits for youth, both with and without disabilities,

我們通過在特奧會的研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 充滿包容性的體育運動 和青年領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力項目, 對有無殘疾的青年人都有好處,

【37】especially when it comes to developing key social and emotional skills everyone needs to succeed in an increasingly diverse and interconnected world.

尤其是對于一些 重要的社交和情感技能的發(fā)展。 每個人的成功都需要更多元發(fā)展 且緊密相連的世界。

【38】And this has held true in countries as different as the United States, China, India, Kenya and Greece.

這在不同國家都是如此, 不管在美國、中國, 還是印度、肯尼亞和希臘等。

【39】The good news is there are four things we all can do to make the future more inclusive.

好消息是, 我們可以做到這四件事 來成就未來更包容的社會。

【40】Number one, we need to reevaluate our own attitudes towards disability.

第一點, 我們需要重新審視 自己對身心障礙的態(tài)度。

【41】I still get questions about whether it is "realistic"

我常被問到一類問題,

【42】to include persons with disabilities in international development programs when even the so-called regular people are struggling.

比如,把身障人士列入國際發(fā)展計劃 到底實不實際？ 畢竟連所謂的“普通人” 都還在為生活苦苦掙扎。

【43】There are still too many stereotypes that associate disability with pity, and we're still living with social systems and physical structures that segregate people with disabilities.

仍有太多刻板印象 將殘疾與憐憫聯(lián)系在一起, 我們也仍然生活在一個 身障人士被區(qū)隔開的 社會制度和物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)中。

【44】So fewer people have it as part of their everyday experience, and it still makes them really uncomfortable.

所以很少人把他們當作 生活應(yīng)有的一部分, 這也讓身障人士感到無比不適。

【45】We need to re-evaluate these attitudes.

我們需要重新審視這些心態(tài)。

【46】Needing accommodation or support does not make a person any less deserving of dignity and respect.

需要調(diào)整或協(xié)助, 并不意味著他們 在尊嚴和尊重上矮人一截。

【47】This is a matter of justice and equity, not charity.

這是關(guān)于公平和正義的問題, 而不是公益。

【48】Second, choose to include.

第二,主動包容。

【49】Solving this issue is not just a matter of policy.

解決這個問題不只關(guān)乎政治。

【50】There are plenty of countries that have disability laws on the books or have signed and ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,

很多國家有立法保護殘障人士, 或是簽署了 《聯(lián)合國殘障人士權(quán)利公約》。

【51】but there is still a huge gap between what is written in policy and what actually happens in practice.

但在政策內(nèi)容與實際情況之間, 仍然存在巨大差距。

【52】And this comes down to all of us.

而這都會是我們所有人的責任。

【53】We can put pressure on governments to make sure that laws are actually implemented.

我們可以向政府施壓, 來推動法律得到切實執(zhí)行。

【54】But we can also look at where we have the power to effect change.

但我們也可以看看 我們自身能為此付出什么,

【55】We should be looking at organizations' diversity, equity and inclusion strategies and see where we can be doing better.

我們應(yīng)該看到公益團體為多樣性、 公平性和包容性所做的行為, 然后看看我們能改進什么。

【56】Too often we still fall short of recognizing disability as part of human diversity.

很多時候,我們并沒有意識到, 殘疾人是人類多樣性的一部分。

【57】We would all benefit by not only accommodating but actively supporting and including persons with disabilities in the workplace.

如果職場中, 不僅為殘疾人提供一份工作, 還主動為他們提供幫助, 接納他們, 我們自身也會受益。

【58】Third, we need to recognize where disability intersects with every issue area.

第三,我們需要意識到 殘疾與每個問題領(lǐng)域的交叉點。

【59】When we talk about gender equity, we need to be inclusive of women with disabilities who are actually more likely to be victims of gender-based violence.

當我們談到性別平等的時候, 我們需要將身障女性列入考量, 她們是更容易受到性別暴力的群體。

【60】When we talk about global health and health systems, we need to be inclusive of persons with disabilities who are more likely to have poor health outcomes, often not because of their actual disability but because of stigma and lack of access to care.

當我們討論全球衛(wèi)生和衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)時, 我們也應(yīng)該包含身障人士, 他們更可能會有健康問題, 通常不是生理條件的缺陷所帶來的, 而是因為羞恥感和 缺乏獲取醫(yī)療護理的途徑。

【61】Everyone has something they can do to make their work more inclusive.

我們每個人都能 為社會包容盡一份心力,

【62】And together, these collective efforts can result in the cultural shift that we need.

并且共同努力, 這樣的合作最終能實現(xiàn) 我們所需要的社會轉(zhuǎn)變。

【63】Finally, and most importantly, don't just listen to me.

最后,最重要的是, 不要只聽我說。

【64】Listen to persons with disabilities themselves.

去聆聽身障人士他們的心聲。

【65】All over the world, there are incredible self advocates.

全世界各地, 有很多為自身群體發(fā)聲的倡議者。

【66】Like my friend and colleague Ben, who is both legally blind and has intellectual disability and who successfully advocated to the DC Department of Transportation

我有一個朋友兼同事叫做本, 他是法律認定的盲人 及智力殘障人士, 他成功向哥倫比亞特區(qū) 交通部提出建議,

【67】to get voice and sound added to the crosswalks near our office to make it safe for him and people like him to cross the street going to work.

在我們辦公室附近的人行道上, 添加語音系統(tǒng), 讓他和像他一樣的行人 穿過馬路去上班的時候, 就安全了許多。

【68】Or Brina from the Philippines, whose parents were told upon her Down syndrome diagnosis that they shouldn't set their expectations too high, but who has become an assistant preschool teacher and a UNESCO champion for inclusion in education.

來自菲律賓的布麗娜, 她的雙親被告知她患有唐氏癥, 所以不要對她抱太大希望。 但她成為了學(xué)前助理教師, 以及聯(lián)合國教科文組織的 教育包容倡導(dǎo)者。

【69】Or Haseeb, who has actually been on a TEDx stage before me to speak out against the stigma he has faced as an autistic young person in Pakistan.

還有哈希布, 他之前踏上過TEDx這個舞臺, 講述他作為一個自閉癥年輕人,在巴基斯坦被羞辱的經(jīng)歷。

【70】And I could go on and on and on with others who have shared their lived experience of disability in books, speeches, blogs, podcasts and social media.

還有很多很多其他人, 分享了作為身障人士的生活經(jīng)驗, 在書籍、演講、博客、 廣播和社交媒體上。

【71】When you're looking for ways to make your work more inclusive, seek out the voices of persons with disabilities.

如果你正在想辦法讓自己更加包容, 去尋求身障人士的建議,

【72】Really take the time to listen to what they have to say and follow their lead.

花時間好好聆聽他們的心聲, 跟著他們的腳步。

【73】Disability has always been and will always be a part of my life.

殘疾一直以來都是我生活的一部分,

【74】Erin and I deserve to live in a world where she has more opportunities to be supported and included.

艾琳和我都值得活在 這樣一個世界, 一個她更應(yīng)該被支持和包容的世界。

【75】Erin, Ben, Brina and Haseeb are only four out of over a billion people who are just trying to find belonging and live their best lives in a world that was not designed for them.

艾琳、本、布麗娜和哈希比, 他們只是數(shù)十億人中的其中四人, 他們只是想要在這個 并非為他們量身打造的世界, 找到歸屬感, 過上最好的生活。

【76】Indeed, a world that was designed to hold them back.

誠然,這個世界 給他們設(shè)下了艱難險阻。

【77】Not because it had to be that way, but because people built systems around attitudes that other and exclude them.

這并不是這個世界原先的樣子。 而是因為人為建成的系統(tǒng), 都基于排斥殘障人士的 社會態(tài)度之上。

【78】And all of those people have family members like me whose lives are shaped by this issue and communities who are affected, whether they realize it or not.

在這個社會體系中, 有像我這樣的家庭成員。 無論他們是否意識到, 他們的生活以及所在社區(qū), 都被殘障這個問題牽制著。

【79】Disability inclusion is not something nice that we do for those people.

殘疾包容并不是 我們?yōu)闅堈先耸孔龅暮檬?

【80】It is something critical that needs to come from all of us.

而是我們所有人都需要做的重要事情。

【81】Thank you.

謝謝。

【82】(Applause)