（接上）

? ?Among the crew there were the professional rowers in the galley of Francesco Bondumier, “who just arrived in Venice from Istria, and he wants a new galley, and his crew temporarily went aboard the quinquereme”.61 Amid general skepticism, the quinquereme had been launched, but the Doge and the Superintendents and Patrons of the Arsenal were still concerned about its speed. Therefore, it was decided to test the quinquereme in a race with a light galley, and to determine whether the great size and heavy armament compromised the claimed qualities of the quinquereme. The race against the light galley Cornera was held on 23 May off of the island of Lido, just two days after the quinquereme’s launching in the Canal. Sanuto wrote an enthusiastic report celebrating Fausto for this revival of Greek science:

??After lunch, since today was the day fixed for testing the rowing system of the quinquereme, the latter, together with the light galley under captain sier Marco Corner, son of sier Piero from Saint Marguerite, sailed toward Malamoco, the starting point [of the race] from where they would have begun the race, rowing against one another to see who would have been the faster. Therefore, after vespers His Serenity invited all the ambassadors, except those from Urbino and Mantua, and with their boats and accompanied by many nobles, among which was sier Vetor Morexini, they went to the castle called Castel Nuovo, where seats had been prepared under a cover from the sun. And there were an infinite number of boats outside the two castles and throughout the Canal … and many people from Padua and from Chioggia aboard many ships, and today some gondolas have been paid eight or ten lire just to see such a thing. I saw many ladies in boats, and the Procurators, and finally the Most Reverend Cardinal Pisani with the Archbishop of Nicosia and with D. Lippomano from Padua. Now, at the fixed hour, when the signal was given, the said galleys came rowing, racing one against the other, and in front rowed the [light galley] Cornera, but when they had almost arrived at the castles, the quinquereme was on the outside, and the Cornera hugged the land so close that the quinquereme passed it in front of His Serenity and so came ahead, rowing as far as Saint Mark, with so many boats in the Canal, and sails of large barks and fishing boats that it seemed like an armada. It was most beautiful to see. This quinquereme has great power in its oars, but the benches are a little more angled compared to those of the other light galleys, so that Vetor Fausto, the author who designed it, will be immortal.

??在船員中，有弗朗西斯科-邦杜米埃（Francesco Bondumier）的船隊(duì)中的專業(yè)劃手，"他剛從伊斯特拉抵達(dá)威尼斯，他想要一艘新的船，他的船員暫時(shí)登上了五桅帆船"。61 在普遍的懷疑聲中，五桅帆船已經(jīng)下水，但總督和兵工廠的主管和贊助人仍然擔(dān)心它的速度。因此，他們決定在與輕型帆船的比賽中測(cè)試五桅帆船，以確定巨大的尺寸和重型武器是否會(huì)影響五桅帆船所聲稱的品質(zhì)。5月23日，在利多島附近舉行了與輕型帆船Cornera的比賽，就在五桅帆船在運(yùn)河下水的兩天后。薩努托寫(xiě)了一份熱情洋溢的報(bào)告，贊揚(yáng)福斯托對(duì)希臘科學(xué)的復(fù)興：

??午餐過(guò)后，由于今天是測(cè)試五角帆船的劃船系統(tǒng)的固定日子，后者與來(lái)自圣瑪格麗特的皮耶羅之子、船長(zhǎng)馬可-科納的輕型帆船一起，駛向馬拉莫科，即[比賽]的起點(diǎn)，他們將從那里開(kāi)始比賽，互相劃船，看看誰(shuí)會(huì)更快。因此，晚禱之后，陛下邀請(qǐng)了所有的大使，除了來(lái)自烏爾比諾和曼圖亞的大使，他們帶著他們的船，在許多貴族的陪同下，其中包括Sier Vetor Morexini，他們來(lái)到了名為Castel Nuovo的城堡，那里已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了遮陽(yáng)的座位。在這兩座城堡外和整個(gè)運(yùn)河上有無(wú)數(shù)的船......還有許多來(lái)自帕多瓦和基奧賈的人，在許多船上，今天有些貢多拉被支付了8或10里拉，只是為了看到這樣的事情。我看到許多女士在船上，還有檢察官，最后是最尊敬的紅衣主教皮薩尼和尼科西亞大主教以及來(lái)自帕多瓦的D.Lippomano。現(xiàn)在，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)，當(dāng)信號(hào)發(fā)出后，上述帆船劃來(lái)，一前一后地比賽，前面劃著[輕型帆船]Cornera，但當(dāng)他們幾乎到達(dá)城堡時(shí)，五角帆船在外面，而Cornera緊緊地?fù)肀е懙?，五角帆船在塞納閣下面前經(jīng)過(guò)，于是走在前面，一直劃到圣馬克，運(yùn)河里有這么多船，還有大樹(shù)和漁船的帆，似乎像一支艦隊(duì)。這是最美麗的景象。這艘五桅帆船的船槳力量很大，但與其他輕型帆船相比，長(zhǎng)椅的角度更大一些，因此設(shè)計(jì)它的作者韋托爾-福斯托將是不朽的。

??The race between the quinquereme and the galley Cornera is echoed in a letter dated 29 May 1529, which was written by Pietro Bembo (1470-1547) and addressed to Giovan Battista Ramusio (1485-1557):

??I was extremely glad to read the good news you wrote me in your past exultant and joyful letter about the success and victory of our Fausto, and about his quinquereme that has been recovered from ancient times and that won the race against the trireme, at the presence of the Most Serene Prince of the Senate, and the entire city of Venice. I received this news last night … I first read [the letter in which you wrote] that the two ships were racing at the same height, sailing in front of the Doge, and that the trireme sometimes passed the quinquereme a little. Then I read your second letter in which you told how Fausto, standing in the middle of the quinquereme, encouraged his rowers to show their virtue, and that, in doing so, he passed the trireme that seemed [immobile] as a rock so quickly that it seemed to everybody a marvelous thing [to see]. I was exulted with happiness you gave me with this news. My happiness doubled in my soul when, slightly later, I read that the Doge, who was hoping that that Fausto would win, was not able to retain his tears from happiness when he saw that his wish came true … Oh, my dear Fausto, how happy you must have been when such a high personality [the Doge], so old and affected by infirmity, cried for he was deeply touched by your victory.

??在1529年5月29日的一封信中也提到了五角帆船和Cornera號(hào)船的比賽，這封信是由Pietro Bembo（1470-1547）寫(xiě)給Giovan Battista Ramusio（1485-1557）：

??我非常高興地讀到了你在過(guò)去那封興高采烈的信中寫(xiě)給我的好消息，關(guān)于我們的福斯托的成功和勝利，關(guān)于他那艘從古代恢復(fù)的五角帆船，在元老院最尊貴的王子和整個(gè)威尼斯市的見(jiàn)證下，贏得了與三角帆船的比賽。我昨晚收到這個(gè)消息......我首先讀到[你寫(xiě)的那封信]，說(shuō)兩艘船在同一高度比賽，在總督面前航行，三桅帆船有時(shí)會(huì)稍微超過(guò)五桅帆船。然后我讀了你的第二封信，你在信中講述了福斯托如何站在五角帆船的中間，鼓勵(lì)他的劃手展示他們的美德，這樣做的時(shí)候，他很快就超過(guò)了看起來(lái)像巖石一樣[不動(dòng)的]三角帆船，以至于對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這似乎是一件令人驚嘆的事情[看到]。我因你給我的這個(gè)消息而欣喜若狂。稍后，我讀到總督希望福斯托獲勝，當(dāng)他看到他的愿望成真時(shí)，我的幸福感倍增......哦，我親愛(ài)的福斯托，當(dāng)如此高尚的人[總督]，如此年邁和受疾病影響的人，為你的勝利而哭泣，你一定很高興。

? ?The Naval Career of Vettor Fausto’s Quinquereme

??After launching, Fausto’s quinquereme was immediately sent to Greece to protect Venice’s overseas dominions (dominio da mar). On 29 June 1529, the Proveditor to the Fleet Michiel Morosini spoke in front of the senators about the urgency of reorganizing the Venetian fleet since the Holy Roman Emperor was approaching with his navy to the coasts of France.64 Morosini exhorted the Council to finance, to the sum of 15,000 ducats, the Venetian fleet that had just left sailing toward Greece.65 The Sages of the Council, at first reluctant to devote such a huge amount of money to naval warfare, immediately agreed with Morosini’s proposal when they received news that “the Emperor arrived in Monaco, which is dangerously close to Genoa. Thus, in accordance with the Council, yesterday, we have already sent the quinquereme to the Captain of Sea, and we have sent him a letter.

? ?五人槳長(zhǎng)船的服役生涯

??下水后，福斯托的五角帆船立即被派往希臘，保護(hù)威尼斯的海外領(lǐng)地（dominio da mar）。1529年6月29日，艦隊(duì)監(jiān)察員Michiel Morosini在參議員面前談到了重組威尼斯艦隊(duì)的緊迫性，因?yàn)樯袷チ_馬帝國(guó)皇帝正帶著他的海軍向法國(guó)海岸逼近。64 Morosini勸說(shuō)議會(huì)為剛剛駛向希臘的威尼斯艦隊(duì)提供15000個(gè)金幣的資金。議會(huì)的圣人起初不愿意將如此巨額的資金用于海戰(zhàn)，但當(dāng)他們收到 "皇帝抵達(dá)摩納哥，那里離熱那亞非常危險(xiǎn) "的消息時(shí)，立即同意了莫羅西尼的提議。因此，按照理事會(huì)的要求，昨天，我們已經(jīng)把五角大樓送到了船長(zhǎng)那里，我們也給他發(fā)了一封信。

??Gerolamo da Ca’ Pesaro was elected Admiral of the Fleet on 10 June 1529. He was an experienced seafarer and had previously been Captain of the Flanders galleys. The Sages of the Council established that Gerolamo da Ca’ Pesaro had to outfit five light galleys, whose commanders (soracomiti) would have been sier Zuan Francesco Donado, sier Almorò Barbaro, sier David Bembo, sier Zuan Battista Zorzi, and sier Bernardo Sagredo.67 However, given the serious threat of Charles V stationing in France, the Great Council added seven more commanders to those already elected.

??1529年6月10日，杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡-佩薩羅被選為艦隊(duì)司令。他是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的航海家，以前曾擔(dān)任過(guò)佛蘭德斯大帆船的船長(zhǎng)。議會(huì)的圣人規(guī)定Gerolamo da Ca' Pesaro必須裝備五艘輕型帆船，其指揮官（soracomiti）應(yīng)該是sier Zuan Francesco Donado、sier Almorò Barbaro、sier David Bembo、sier Zuan Battista Zorzi和sier Bernardo Sagredo。67 然而，鑒于查理五世駐扎在法國(guó)的嚴(yán)重威脅，大議會(huì)在已經(jīng)選出的指揮官之外又增加了七位。

??On 18 June 1529 the Senate urged Gerolamo da Ca’ Pesaro to leave immediately with his fleet, “since we received the news that [Andrea] Doria, who is at the service of Caesar, sailed from Genoa to Barcelona with his galleys and ships. Therefore, we should expect that His Majesty will arrive in Italy soon, and we have to be prepared for this eventuality.” The Venetian fleet’s departure was fixed for the 27th of June. A few days before, on 24 June, the Senate elected Gerolamo da Canal, previously the Captain of the Gulf, as the Captain of the quinquereme. The Senate, given the urgency of the situation, decreed at the very last moment, “without filing any formal request [to the Council] …that also Gerolamo da Canal, captain of the quinquereme, would have left soon”.

??1529年6月18日，元老院敦促Gerolamo da Ca' Pesaro立即帶著他的艦隊(duì)離開(kāi)，"因?yàn)槲覀兪盏较ⅲ瑸閯P撒服務(wù)的[Andrea] Doria帶著他的大帆船和船只從熱那亞駛向巴塞羅那。因此，我們應(yīng)該預(yù)料到陛下很快就會(huì)到達(dá)意大利，我們必須為這種可能的情況做好準(zhǔn)備"。威尼斯艦隊(duì)的出發(fā)時(shí)間定在6月27日。此前幾天，即6月24日，元老院選舉先前的海灣船長(zhǎng)杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡納爾為五角帆船的船長(zhǎng)。元老院考慮到情況的緊迫性，在最后一刻決定，"在沒(méi)有向[理事會(huì)]提出任何正式請(qǐng)求的情況下......五角帆船的船長(zhǎng)杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡納爾也將很快離開(kāi)"。

??The historian Sanuto described the preparations of the expedition. On 26 June, the galley of Gerolamo da Ca’ Pesaro was brought to Saint Mark in order to gild its poop, and during the previous night, by means of huge rollers, the galley was pulled up on shallow waters and put on land. Finally, the galley was adorned with flags, and had a beautiful lantern and other decorations.72 Sanuto also described the departure ceremony. On the morning of 27 June the Admiral Gerolamo da Ca’ Pesaro accompanied by the Doge, the Senators, noblemen, the procurators, the foreign ambassadors living in Venice, and the commanders of the light galleys, gathered in the Church of Saint Mark for the solemn mass and blessing of the banner depicting the lion of the patron of the Republic of Venice. However, da Canal “while the mass continued, left the church and went to set the benches to his galley, accompanied by Michel Morosini and Zuan Moro, Proveditors of the fleet, and by the other commanders, and then, he went back to the mass”.73 Evidently, Gerolamo da Canal wanted to leave with the Venetian fleet and “wanted to arm and outfit [the quinquereme] now, but the hemp to make the ropes had not yet arrived, and it should have on 20 July”

??歷史學(xué)家薩努托描述了這次遠(yuǎn)征的準(zhǔn)備工作。6月26日，Gerolamo da Ca' Pesaro的船被帶到了圣馬克，以便為其船首鍍金，在前一天晚上，通過(guò)巨大的滾輪，船被拉上了淺水區(qū)，放到了陸地上。最后，該船被裝飾上了旗幟，并有一個(gè)美麗的燈籠和其他裝飾品。72 薩努托也描述了出發(fā)儀式。6月27日上午，海軍上將Gerolamo da Ca' Pesaro在總督、參議員、貴族、檢察官、居住在威尼斯的外國(guó)大使以及輕型帆船的指揮官的陪同下，聚集在圣馬可教堂，舉行莊嚴(yán)的彌撒，并為描繪威尼斯共和國(guó)守護(hù)神的獅子的旗幟祈福。然而，達(dá)-卡納爾 "在彌撒繼續(xù)進(jìn)行時(shí)，離開(kāi)了教堂，在艦隊(duì)監(jiān)察員米歇爾-莫羅西尼和祖安-莫羅以及其他指揮官的陪同下，去給他的帆船安放長(zhǎng)椅，然后，他又回到了彌撒現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。"73 顯然，杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡納爾想和威尼斯艦隊(duì)一起離開(kāi)，"想現(xiàn)在武裝和裝備[五角帆船]，但制作繩索的麻料還沒(méi)有到，它應(yīng)該在7月20日到。

??The quinquereme, however, was further delayed in its departure and left on 1 August 1529. That morning, the quinquereme slowly left the Arsenal and arrived at the Bridge of the Straw, next to the Doge’s Palace, where the enlistment of the rowers would take place. The presence in Venice of a group of Spanish refugees from Istria was providential. The College immediately enlisted them among the rowers of the quinquereme. It seems that one of the main problems of the quinquereme was gathering 280 oarsmen needed to fill the 28 benches running on either side of the ship. Around mid-August, Gerolamo da Canal departed from Venice. On 10 September 1529, while sailing along the coast of Dalmatia, he wrote a letter to the Senate complaining that “he was not able to find enough rowers, he could not find available men, and that he had only one hundred men, and he needed [more]”. On 19 November the quinquereme arrived in the harbor of Corfu, where it joined the Venetian fleet of the Admiral Gerolamo da Ca’ Pesaro.77 The Admiral in charge of faithfully reporting to the Venetian Senate all important matters pertaining to the naval expedition wrote a letter to the Senate saying that the quinquereme needed 40 more rowers.

??然而，五桅帆船的出發(fā)時(shí)間又被推遲了，于1529年8月1日離開(kāi)。那天早上，五桅帆船緩緩地離開(kāi)了兵工廠，到達(dá)了總督府旁邊的稻草橋，那里將進(jìn)行劃船手的招募。一群來(lái)自伊斯特拉的西班牙難民出現(xiàn)在威尼斯，這是天意。學(xué)院立即征召他們成為五角帆船的劃船手。似乎五人船的主要問(wèn)題之一是收集280名槳手，以填補(bǔ)船兩側(cè)的28條長(zhǎng)凳。大約在8月中旬，Gerolamo da Canal從威尼斯出發(fā)了。1529年9月10日，在沿著達(dá)爾馬提亞海岸航行時(shí)，他給元老院寫(xiě)了一封信，抱怨說(shuō) "他無(wú)法找到足夠的劃船手，他找不到可用的人，他只有一百個(gè)人，他需要[更多]"。11月19日，五桅帆船抵達(dá)科孚港，在那里與海軍上將杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡-佩薩羅的威尼斯艦隊(duì)會(huì)合。77 負(fù)責(zé)向威尼斯元老院忠實(shí)報(bào)告與海軍遠(yuǎn)征有關(guān)的所有重要事項(xiàng)的海軍上將給元老院寫(xiě)了一封信，說(shuō)五桅帆船還需要40名劃船手。

??In the meantime, at the request of the Senate, Fausto had built two more quinqueremes in the Arsenal of Venice. The two new ships, named Zorzi and Bemba, were sent to join the fleet of Gerolamo da Ca’ Pesaro. They were assigned to Zuan Battista Zorzi and to David Bembo, respectively.79 Both arrived in Corfu towards the end of November, slightly after the quinquereme of Gerolamo da Canal. The Admiral recorded in his letter to the Senate that Bemba was missing ten rowers.

??同時(shí)，應(yīng)元老院的要求，福斯托又在威尼斯的兵工廠建造了兩艘五角帆船。這兩艘新船被命名為Zorzi和Bemba，被派去加入Gerolamo da Ca' Pesaro的艦隊(duì)。這兩艘船分別被分配給祖安-巴蒂斯塔-佐爾齊和戴維-貝姆博。79 這兩艘船在11月底到達(dá)科孚島，比杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-運(yùn)河的五角星船稍晚。海軍上將在給元老院的信中記錄了本博缺少10名劃手。

??Soon afterwards the Senate ordered Admiral Gerolamo da Ca’ Pesaro to return to Venice and disarm the galleys, “except those that were in Cyprus, that is to say [the quinquereme] of the Captain Gerolamo da Canal, and ten galleys”.81 At the same time, the Senate allowed the Captain to transfer to his quinquereme the rowers from the ten light galleys that were also in Cyprus. The Senate’s decision to recall and disarm the fleet resulted from the peace concluded on 14 October 1529 by Suleiman I and the Holy Roman Empire.

??不久之后，元老院命令海軍上將Gerolamo da Ca' Pesaro回到威尼斯并解除了帆船的武裝，"除了那些在塞浦路斯的帆船，也就是Gerolamo da Canal船長(zhǎng)的[五桅帆船]和十艘帆船"。81 同時(shí)，元老院允許船長(zhǎng)將同樣在塞浦路斯的十艘輕型帆船上的劃手調(diào)到他的五桅帆船上。蘇萊曼一世和神圣羅馬帝國(guó)在1529年10月14日達(dá)成的和平協(xié)議使元老院決定召回和解除艦隊(duì)的武裝。

??News of the peace arrived in Venice on 29 December, when the Ottoman ambassador docked his ship in front of Saint Mark’s square and was welcomed by Venetian noblemen and former bailo to the Sublime Porte. On the same day, the Senate ratified the peace treaty and ordered the Venetian fleet to return to Venice, leaving the quinquereme behind in Cyprus.83 This decision flamed discussion among the senators and did not meet the approval of a group of patricians, who wanted to keep in Cyprus “the new and well-designed galleys” that had been recently armed at the Arsenal.84 Therefore, the Senate decreed that ten light galleys had to remain in service in Cyprus in order to better protect the Republic’s Stato da mar.

??12月29日，和平的消息傳到了威尼斯，當(dāng)時(shí)奧斯曼帝國(guó)的大使把船停在了圣馬可廣場(chǎng)前，受到了威尼斯貴族和前最高統(tǒng)治者的歡迎。同一天，元老院批準(zhǔn)了和平條約，并命令威尼斯艦隊(duì)返回威尼斯，將五角帆船留在塞浦路斯。83 這一決定在元老院中引發(fā)了討論，并沒(méi)有得到一群貴族的贊同，他們希望將最近在兵工廠裝備的 "新的和精心設(shè)計(jì)的大帆船 "留在塞浦路斯。84 因此，元老院下令，10艘輕型大帆船必須留在塞浦路斯服役，以便更好地保護(hù)共和國(guó)的海洋狀態(tài)。

??From the senatorial decree, we learn that the oarsmen of the ten light galleys, if needed, could have served on board the quinquereme. However, during the first days of January 1530, Captain Gerolamo da Canal sailed to Cephalonia where he enlisted 60 fresh rowers to address the shortage of manpower aboard the quinquereme. On 17 January 1530, from the islet of Hydra (Saronic Islands), Gerolamo wrote a long letter to the Signory, praising the technical features of his quinquereme:

??Most Serene Prince,

??I did not write earlier to you about the excellent quality of the quinquereme both because you had no doubt about it, and also because I recently joined the Venetian fleet [in Greece]. I assert that the quinquereme is different from the light galley; however, I experienced that the quinquereme has perfect sails, both at the stern and toward the bow, it is seaworthy and, as far as its speed, very few galleys could race with it. When I armed and outfitted the quinquereme, as Your Serenity knows, since there were 49 galleys that were operative on the sea, I thought it would have been better if I enlisted Greek rowers, and recently, I have hired 60 Greeks. Of course, Most Serene Prince, if the quinquereme had a crew of expert and professional rowers, very few galleys or none would be faster than the quinquereme. Moreover, I suggest to Your Serenity with reverence that vessels like the quinquereme should not be operating all the time, but only in case of challenging naval warfare. Moreover, Your Serenity, although I am not an expert on naval warfare, I acknowledge that the quinquereme is the best vessel ever built that is able to defeat any fleet of light galleys. Assuming that you arm ten quinqueremes and place them in front of your fleet of light galleys, I am sure that the quinqueremes would stop any enemy attack and would not permit them to damage the galleys. As I told you, Your Serenity, I am not an expert on naval warfare; however, few captains who are in service of the Venetian fleet fought in as many naval battles as I did. I would like to recommend to you that it would be extremely convenient to build 10 quinqueremes, and you must make sure that these vessels will be ready for use in the future. Surely, this type of vessels cannot be afforded all the time, given both its reputation and its expense. Nonetheless, I wanted to write to you these few words about the quinquereme, as good servants who are in charge of important matters of the Republic are required to do. Your Serenity, then, who is very wise, will decide as he pleases.

??從元老院的法令中，我們了解到，如果需要的話，十艘輕型帆船的槳手可以在金雀花號(hào)上服務(wù)。然而，在1530年1月的頭幾天，Gerolamo da Canal船長(zhǎng)航行到Cephalonia，在那里他招募了60名新的劃船手，以解決五角帆船上人手不足的問(wèn)題。1530年1月17日，在海德拉島（薩羅尼克群島），杰羅拉莫給主教寫(xiě)了一封長(zhǎng)信，贊揚(yáng)了他的五桅帆船的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)：?

? 最尊貴的親王，

??我沒(méi)有在早些時(shí)候給你寫(xiě)關(guān)于昆侖船的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)的信，一是因?yàn)槟銓?duì)此毫不懷疑，二是因?yàn)槲易罱尤肓送崴古炾?duì)[在希臘]。我斷言，五桅帆船不同于輕型帆船；但是，我體會(huì)到，五桅帆船有完美的風(fēng)帆，無(wú)論是船尾還是船頭，它都是適航的，就其速度而言，很少有帆船能與它比賽。當(dāng)我武裝和裝備五桅帆船時(shí)，如陛下所知，由于有49艘大帆船在海上作業(yè)，我認(rèn)為如果我招募希臘劃船手會(huì)更好，最近，我已經(jīng)雇用了60名希臘人。當(dāng)然，最尊貴的王子，如果五桅帆船有一隊(duì)專業(yè)的劃船手，很少有帆船或沒(méi)有帆船會(huì)比五桅帆船快。此外，我懷著崇敬的心情向皇上建議，像五桅帆船這樣的船只不應(yīng)該一直運(yùn)行，而應(yīng)該只在有挑戰(zhàn)性的海戰(zhàn)中使用。此外，陛下，雖然我不是海戰(zhàn)專家，但我承認(rèn)五角帆船是有史以來(lái)最好的船只，能夠打敗任何一支輕型帆船艦隊(duì)。假設(shè)你武裝了十艘昆侖號(hào)，并把它們放在你的輕型大帆船艦隊(duì)前面，我確信昆侖號(hào)會(huì)阻止敵人的任何攻擊，不允許他們損害大帆船。正如我告訴你的，陛下，我不是海戰(zhàn)專家；但是，在威尼斯艦隊(duì)服役的船長(zhǎng)很少有像我這樣參加過(guò)那么多的海戰(zhàn)的。我想向您建議，建造10艘五角帆船是非常方便的，您必須確保這些船只在將來(lái)可以使用。當(dāng)然，考慮到其聲譽(yù)和費(fèi)用，這種類(lèi)型的船只不可能一直負(fù)擔(dān)得起。盡管如此，我還是想給您寫(xiě)這些關(guān)于昆侖號(hào)的文字，因?yàn)樨?fù)責(zé)共和國(guó)重要事務(wù)的好仆人必須這樣做。那么，非常明智的安寧閣下將按他的意愿作出決定。

??A few months later, Gerolamo da Canal renewed to the Doge his suggestion of providing the Venetian fleet with ten more quinqueremes. In a letter addressed to the Council on 9 March 1530, Gerolamo da Canal reaffirmed the superiority of quinqueremes over light galleys. As confirmation for this, he asserted that he had defeated some galleys of French privateers.87 Indeed, Cristoforo da Canal, the nephew of Gerolamo, in his Della milizia marittima, recalled that Gerolamo da Canal had engaged in a naval battle with the Barbary corsair Bessaguli in waters around Cao Ducato (also known in archival sources as Santa Maura, or modern Lefkada, Albania). Gerolamo had won a crushing victory:

??[Gerolamo da Canal], when he was the Captain of the quinquereme, by means of that galley alone, fought for five hours against three galleys of the corsair Bassaguli from Barbary, who had captured two Venetian galleys off Cape Ducato and was about to run away. But he [Gerolamo da Canal], not only defeated him [Bassaguli], but also killed everybody on board and, without reporting any damage for his part, saved the two Venetian galleys.

??幾個(gè)月后，Gerolamo da Canal再次向總督提出了為威尼斯艦隊(duì)提供十艘五角帆船的建議。在1530年3月9日寫(xiě)給議會(huì)的信中，杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡爾重申了五角帆船比輕型帆船的優(yōu)勢(shì)。87 事實(shí)上，杰羅拉莫的侄子克里斯托弗羅-達(dá)-運(yùn)河在他的《海上軍事》中回憶說(shuō)，杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-運(yùn)河在考杜卡托（Cao Ducato，在檔案資料中也稱為圣毛拉，或現(xiàn)代阿爾巴尼亞的萊夫卡達(dá)）附近水域與巴巴里海盜貝薩古利進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)海戰(zhàn)。杰羅拉莫贏得了一場(chǎng)毀滅性的勝利：

??[Gerolamo da Canal]在擔(dān)任五角帆船的船長(zhǎng)時(shí)，僅憑這艘船就與來(lái)自巴巴里的海盜Bassaguli的三艘帆船戰(zhàn)斗了五個(gè)小時(shí)，后者在杜卡托角附近捕獲了兩艘威尼斯帆船并準(zhǔn)備逃跑。但他[杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡納爾]，不僅打敗了他[巴薩古里]，還殺死了船上的所有人，并且在沒(méi)有報(bào)告任何損失的情況下，保住了那兩艘威尼斯大帆船。

??Ten days later, Gerolamo da Canal incurred a misfortune, “while sailing in the direction of Crete, there was such a terrible weather for 14 consecutive days that it was impossible to even cover the ship with its awning, and, as a result, many of the crew almost lost their feet from the cold. Sier Piero da Canal, son of sier Jacoino, a relative of Gerolamo da Canal who was onboard [of the quinquereme], died.”89 On 9 May 1530, while still in Crete, Gerolamo da Canal suffered more losses, and wrote to the Signory that “many men aboard the quinquereme had died, and others … could not be paid. He asked for more to be sent to pay the members of the crew, so that those miserable persons can sustain themselves, since they have no means of financing themselves, etc.”90 This pitiful image recalls what Baldissera Quintio Drachio wrote about Fausto’s quinquereme in his Visione at the end of the sixteenth century, “it was not order, but confusion; it was a hospital and a lazaret, or better, it was a spectacle of death”.

??10天后，Gerolamo da Canal遭遇了不幸，"在往克里特島方向航行時(shí)，連續(xù)14天天氣惡劣，甚至無(wú)法用遮陽(yáng)棚遮蓋船只，結(jié)果許多船員差點(diǎn)被凍死。1530年5月9日，還在克里特島的Gerolamo da Canal遭受了更多的損失，他給主教寫(xiě)道："五角帆船上的許多人都死了，其他人......無(wú)法得到報(bào)酬。他要求寄來(lái)更多的錢(qián)來(lái)支付船員的工資，以便這些可憐的人能夠維持生計(jì)，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有辦法為自己提供資金，等等。"90 這種可憐的形象讓人想起16世紀(jì)末Baldissera Quintio Drachio在他的Visione中對(duì)Fausto的quinquereme的描述，"它不是秩序，而是混亂；它是一個(gè)醫(yī)院和一個(gè)lazaret，或者更好，它是一個(gè)死亡的景象。"

??Despite this misfortune the quinquereme continued to succeed against the enemy. On 9 July 1530, the quinquereme sunk two fustas belonging to Maltese corsairs, and Gerolamo da Canal wrote to the Senate indicating that he had captured a privateer’s ship.92 A week later, the quinquereme arrived at the harbor of Capo Malio (modern Malea promontory, Laconia), to await new instructions from Venice, since the Proveditor of the fleet, Alessandro da Ca’ Pesaro, had just died.93 In Venice, the Senators were discussing the issue of the vacant Admiralty position, mostly because “it is not proper to leave galleys that are at sea without a commander”.94 Therefore, the Sage of the Council proposed to elect ad interim either Gerolamo da Canal or Vincenzo Giustinian, who was the Captain of the bastarde or grand galley.95 The Senators approved and appointed Gerolamo da Canal to the position, and the greatly disappointed Vincenzo Giustinian filed his complaints about the Council’s decision.

??盡管有這樣的不幸，但五角大樓繼續(xù)成功地打擊了敵人。1530年7月9日，五桅帆船擊沉了兩艘屬于馬耳他海盜的船，Gerolamo da Canal寫(xiě)信給元老院，表示他繳獲了一艘私掠船。92一周后，五桅帆船抵達(dá)Capo Malio（今拉科尼亞的Malea海角）的港口，等待威尼斯的新指示，因?yàn)榕炾?duì)的監(jiān)察員Alessandro da Ca' Pesaro剛剛?cè)ナ馈Ｔ谕崴?，參議員們正在討論海軍部長(zhǎng)職位空缺的問(wèn)題，主要是因?yàn)?"讓出海的大帆船沒(méi)有指揮官是不合適的"。94 因此，議會(huì)的圣人提議臨時(shí)選舉Gerolamo da Canal或Vincenzo Giustinian，他是bastarde或大帆船的船長(zhǎng)。95 參議員們批準(zhǔn)并任命Gerolamo da Canal為該職位，大失所望的Vincenzo Giustinian對(duì)議會(huì)的決定提出申訴。

??Thus, Gerolamo da Canal advanced in his career after having fought and defeated many enemy ships and proved himself an expert and qualified captain of the quinquereme. However, the Senate ordered that he had to serve aboard the galley of Alessandro da Ca’ Pesaro. Thus, the senators decreed that the quinquereme, after eleven months of honorable service in the Venetian fleet, had to return to Venice.

??因此，杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡納爾在與許多敵艦作戰(zhàn)并擊敗它們之后，在他的職業(yè)生涯中取得了進(jìn)步，并證明自己是一名專家和合格的五角帆船船長(zhǎng)。然而，元老院命令他必須在亞歷山德羅-達(dá)-卡-佩薩羅的船隊(duì)中服務(wù)。因此，元老院下令，在威尼斯艦隊(duì)中光榮服役11個(gè)月后，五角帆船必須返回威尼斯。

? ??Conclusion

??In the long letter that Gerolamo da Canal wrote to the Signory on 17 January 1530, he had greatly praised the quinquereme and approved Fausto’s technical innovations and work. However, Fausto was well ahead of his time. He was able to combine his theoretical humanistic knowledge with practical shipbuilding skills. No one after him was able to build a galley according to ancient Greek and Roman proportions. His marina architectura lived and died with him. Although Fausto represented an isolated figure and an exception among the shipbuilders in the Venetian Arsenal who relied on empirical shipbuilding practices, he nevertheless profoundly influenced the history of naval architecture. Fausto purported to introduce in naval architecture a shipbuilding principle that he applied in the design of his quinquereme, and the sixteenth century proved to be a period of many technical innovations. Vettor Fausto, although an outsider to the fiercely guarded world of shipbuilding, paved the way for the foundations of a scientific revolution in the conservative realm of the Venetian Arsenal.

? ? 結(jié)論

??在杰羅拉莫-達(dá)-卡納爾1530年1月17日寫(xiě)給主教的長(zhǎng)信中，他對(duì)五弦琴大加贊賞，并贊同福斯托的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和工作。然而，福斯托遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于他的時(shí)代。他能夠?qū)⑺娜宋睦碚撝R(shí)與實(shí)際造船技能相結(jié)合。在他之后，沒(méi)有人能夠按照古希臘和古羅馬的比例來(lái)建造一艘船。他的航海建筑學(xué)與他同生共死。雖然福斯托是一個(gè)孤立的人物，是威尼斯兵工廠中依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)造船的造船師中的一個(gè)例外，但他還是深刻地影響了海軍建筑的歷史。福斯托聲稱在海軍建筑中引入了一個(gè)造船原則，他在設(shè)計(jì)他的五角帆船時(shí)應(yīng)用了這一原則，而十六世紀(jì)被證明是一個(gè)有許多技術(shù)革新的時(shí)期。Vettor Fausto，盡管是一個(gè)被嚴(yán)密保護(hù)的造船世界的局外人，卻為威尼斯兵工廠的保守領(lǐng)域中的科學(xué)革命奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

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