寫在前面

今年二筆實(shí)務(wù)的兩篇漢譯英，一篇與時事熱點(diǎn)、國民健康有關(guān)——國產(chǎn)肺炎球菌疫苗，另一篇為環(huán)境保護(hù)類主題——土地荒漠化，今天的推文是其中一篇——土地荒漠化的譯文，并附上學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)的總結(jié)，其中的很多短語和句子，可直接拿來背誦，用在翻譯和寫作中。

本版本譯文由Hearty原創(chuàng)，如有疏漏，煩請指正，未經(jīng)許可，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載。

考場原文

日益嚴(yán)重的土地荒漠化不僅導(dǎo)致了生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化，還降低了資源的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，影響工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人民生活。

對民族團(tuán)結(jié)和社會安定造成了嚴(yán)重影響，它已成為制約中國中西地區(qū)，特別是西北地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會發(fā)展的重要因素。

在中國，土地荒漠化的后果是：加劇人地矛盾，縮小人類生存空間。中國每年新増人口約1400萬，沙化土地年均増加3436平方公里，耕地面積逐年減少。人地矛盾日益突出，大 約2.4萬村莊、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)遭受風(fēng)沙危害。

—些村莊、縣城被迫多次搬遷。其次，加劇自然災(zāi)害的頻率和程度，惡化生態(tài)環(huán)境，破 壞人類生存條件。土地荒漠化是導(dǎo)致中國近期沙塵暴頻發(fā)，荒漠化地區(qū)生物多樣性驟減、風(fēng)蝕及黃河中下游旱澇災(zāi)害頻繁的主要原因之一?；哪貐^(qū)的植被急劇減少，許多物種瀕?；蜈呌跍缃^。中國每年輸入黃河的16億噸泥沙中就有12億噸來自沙漠化地區(qū)。

參考譯文

The escalation of desertification not only leads to environmental degradation, but also reduces sharply the quality and quantity of resources and adversely influences industrial and agricultural production and people’s lives.

To make matters worse, desertification also takes a heavy toll on national unity and social stability. It has become a major hindrance to socio-economic development in the central and western regions of China, especially the northeastern part.

In China, desertification results in the mounting tensions between man and land and the reduction of people’s living space. While China adds 14 million people each year, it has witnessed an average annual increase of 3,456 square kilometers of desertification-afflicted land and the reduction of arable land for consecutive years. The conflict between man and land has become an increasingly protruding one with some 24 thousand villages and towns highly exposed to the hazards of wind and dust.

Under such circumstances, communities in some villages and towns are forced to move several times. Desertification also causes the increased incidence and enormity of natural disasters, which wreaks havoc on the ecological environment and damages the living environment of humanity. Desertification is one of the major reasons behind the rising occurrence of natural disasters such as sandstorms, wind erosion, flood and drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It also accounts for the drastic reduction of biodiversity. With vegetation falling sharply, legions of endangered species are now close to extinction. Among the 1.6 billion tons of silt discharged into the Yellow River each year, 1.2 billion tons come from the desertified areas.

要點(diǎn)總結(jié)

日益嚴(yán)重的土地荒漠化：the escalation of desertification,escaltion為《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》等外刊中的高頻詞，表示「（事態(tài)，情況的）升級，加劇」，動詞形式為escalate。

導(dǎo)致：lead to,result in, cause都可以。

生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化：environmental degradation，亦可表達(dá)為ecosystem degradation，degradation表示「惡化，退化」。

資源的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量： the quality and quantity of resources。

影響工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人民生活：adversely influences industrial and agricultural production and people’s lives.此處增譯adversely，表示這種影響是負(fù)面的、不利的。

對民族團(tuán)結(jié)和社會安定造成了嚴(yán)重影響：take a heavy toll on national unity and social stability.take a heavy toll on sb./sth也是非常地道的一個短語，表示「對...造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失」，toll一詞表示「毀壞，損失」，環(huán)境損害：the environmental toll。

制約...的重要因素：a major hindrance to...「制約...的因素」可視為一種“阻礙”，故可選用hindrance。

經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會發(fā)展:socio-economic development。

加劇人地矛盾：此處可轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語加劇的＋中心語矛盾，得到 the mounting tensions between man and land，短語前增譯一個result in,表示“導(dǎo)致”；?

沙化土地年均増加3436平方公里：an average annual increase of 3,456 square kilometers of desertification-afflicted land，沙化土地：可以表示為desertified areas，也可形象地表達(dá)為：desertification-afflicted land（深受荒漠化困擾的土地）。

耕地面積逐年減少：the reduction of arable land for consecutive years。

大約2.4萬村莊、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)遭受風(fēng)沙危害。with some 24 thousand villages and townships highly exposed to the hazards of wind and dust.be exposed to sth...除了表示“暴露于”，還可以表示「遭受...」之意。

—些村莊、縣城被迫多次搬遷： communities in some villages and towns are forced to move several times。由于“被迫搬遷的”應(yīng)是村莊里的社區(qū)及成員，故此處增譯了communities一詞，「搬遷」一詞也可用relocate。

加劇自然災(zāi)害的頻率和程度：cause the increased incidence and enormity of natural disasters。

惡化生態(tài)環(huán)境：wreak havoc on the ecological environment，wreak havoc on表示「對...造成巨大破壞」。

生物多樣性驟減：the drastic reduction of biodiversity.

每年輸入黃河的16億噸泥沙：the 1.6 billion tons of silt discharged into the Yellow River each year, discharge作動詞可表示「排放，流入」。