Romantic and Romanticism

a sort of reaction against the Enlightenment and liberalism, emphasized feelings and emotional instead of reason and reform, first advocated by royalists against the middle class, and later embraced a radical reform and defended the working class

Edmund Burke 1729-1797

Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful, 1756

Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1749-1832

Johann Gottfried von Herder 1744-1803

William Wordsworth 1770-1850

Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1772-1834

The Lyrical Ballads (regarded as the founding work of romantic poetry in England)

1. an emphasis on content over form
2. emotion and feelings are to be embraced and shared; human emotions over reason
3. celebration of individuality; individual over the impersonal
4. a yearning for the past; nature over the artificial
5. celebration of nature; past over the present or future

Literature:

Ivanhoe, Sir Walter Scott, 1819

Frankenstein, Mary Shelley, 1818

Les Miserables; Hunchback of Notre Dame; Cromwell, Victor Hugo, 1862

Paintings:

Jacques-Louis David 1748-1825

Eugene Delacroix 1798-1863

Caspar David Friedrich 1774-1840

J.M.W. Turner 1775-1851

Music:

Beethoven

Robert Schumann 1810-1856

Felix Mendelssohn 1809-1847

Franz Liszt 1811-1886

Richard Wagner 1813-1883

William Blake 1757-1827: Jerusalem, 1804-1820

Percy Bysshe Shelley 1792-1822: A Defense of Poetry

Most romanticists rejected society and its mores entirely; they lived unconventional lives; they welcomed the French Revolution as opposed to Edmund Burke; they wanted a complete regeneration of society and a radical change

Alessandro Manzoni 1785-1873

Aleksandr Pushkin 1799-1837