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一."身份"（飛機(jī)基本信息）

Identity

在接通電源之后，飛機(jī)的CDU（飛控計(jì)算機(jī)）一般會(huì)顯示IDENT頁（如圖）。我們也可以手動(dòng)進(jìn)入這一頁。

After powering up the aircraft the CDUs normally display the IDENT page. We can also access this page manually.（附：如何接通電源——冷艙啟動(dòng)教程）

按下INIT REF。

Push the INIT REF button

選擇INDEX（在左下角）。

Select the lower left option INDEX

在INIT/REF INDEX頁選擇IDENT。

On the INIT/REF INDEX page select the option IDENT.

在這一頁上，飛行員必須核實(shí)導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)循環(huán)、引擎以及機(jī)型信息。

On this page pilots would have to verify the navigation data cycle, the engine and model information.

二.初始位置

Position Initialization

每次航班剛開始時(shí)，飛機(jī)不知道自己身處何方。慣性參考系統(tǒng)（IRS）需要一個(gè)初始位置，這樣才能對準(zhǔn)它的方位。

At the beginning of the flight the aircraft does not yet know its current position. TheInertial Reference System (IRS) needs to have a position so that it can align its position.

在REF AIRPORT一欄中輸入你所在機(jī)場的ICAO代碼。機(jī)場的參考位置一會(huì)兒會(huì)在（FMC屏幕）右部出現(xiàn)。

Type in the ICAO airport identifier where you are currently at and enter it into the REF AIRPORT field on the left. The airport reference position is then displayed on the right side.

核對現(xiàn)在“GPS POS”（FMC屏幕右側(cè)）出現(xiàn)的機(jī)場附近的經(jīng)緯度信息是否正確。

Verify that the currently displayed GPS POS latitude/longitude is near the airport reference position

點(diǎn)按“GPS POS”區(qū)域從而將它復(fù)制到暫存器上。（暫存器就是你向FMC輸入任何東西時(shí)文字出現(xiàn)的地方）

Click the GPS POS field to copy its text to the scratchpad

將暫存器上的數(shù)據(jù)插入FMC上SET IRS POS處，目的是告訴IRS你目前的位置。

Insert the scratchpad field into the SET IRS POS field to tell the IRS that this is your correct position

三.航路初始化

Route Initialization

接下來

Next we’re going to create a new route. As an example we’re using Frankfurt to San Francisco.

在ORIGIN（此頁面左上角）中輸入初始機(jī)場的ICAO代碼（在這個(gè)例子中是“EDDF”）。

Type the ICAO identifier of your origin airport into the scratchpad and select the ORIGIN field to insert it, for us it’s “EDDF”

在DEST中輸入目的機(jī)場的ICAO代碼（在這個(gè)例子中是KSFO）。

Type the ICAO identifier of the destination airport and insert it into the DEST field, for us “KSFO”

將起飛跑道輸入RUNWAY區(qū)域（在屏幕左側(cè)）。（在這個(gè)例子中我們用跑道25C）

If you already know what will be your departure runway you can insert it into the RUNWAY field on the left side, we’re using “25C”

按下ACTIVATE（已標(biāo)出），從而激活你的航路。

Push the ACTIVATE field to make this your active flight route

按下EXEC以執(zhí)行這一變化

Press EXEC to execute this change.

一.起飛

起飛

Departure

我們這時(shí)需要選擇一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀表離場（SID）。

Now we want to select a Standard Instrument Departure (SID).

按下屏幕下方“DEP/ARR”

Push the DEP/ARR button

(注：如果已經(jīng)在“航路初始化”步驟中輸入了你的起飛跑道，就可以跳過這步。)現(xiàn)在，在屏幕右半部分，你可以選擇你的起飛跑道。（在這個(gè)例子中是25C）

(If we already inserted the departure runway earlier it may already be selected, then you can skip the next step.)On the right hand side select your departure runway, we’re using 25C

在屏幕左手邊選擇SID，在這個(gè)例子中我們用RID3Q。

On the left hand side select your SID, we’re using the RID3Q departure in this example

二.降落

Arrival

降落

我們可以通過DEP/ARR頁輸入進(jìn)近數(shù)據(jù)以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)場航線。

To enter an approach (APPR) and a Standard Arrival Route (STAR) for our destination we can do that via the DEP/ARR index page as well.

按下“DEP/ARR”

Push the DEP/ARR button

在DEP/ARR INDEX(起飛/降落參數(shù))頁上選擇你的目的地機(jī)場旁邊的ARR選項(xiàng),注意不是起飛機(jī)場旁邊的ARR.(up注:就是下面那個(gè)ARR,不是上面那個(gè).)

On the DEP/ARR INDEX page select the ARR option next to your destination airport (not the origin)

在屏幕右側(cè)選擇你想要降落的跑道.(up注:有些機(jī)場跑到很多,注意按NEXT PAGE翻頁)

Select your desired approach on the right side, e.g. the ILS28R

如果顯示了進(jìn)近過渡航線的話,如果你需要,可以選擇一個(gè).

If there are approach transitions available you may select one from the list if desired

選擇左側(cè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)場航線.

Select the STAR on the left

如果顯示了進(jìn)場過渡航線的話，可以選擇一個(gè).

If arrival transitions are listed you may pick one if desired?

三.(解決)不連續(xù)性

Discontinuities

在輸入起飛與降落機(jī)場之后，飛控系統(tǒng)還不知道如何把它們連接起來。我們可以輸入航點(diǎn)，或者直接將起飛階段的終點(diǎn)與降落階段起點(diǎn)連接起來。

After inserting a departure and arrival the flight management system does not yet know how to connect them. We can now insert new waypoints or just connect the end of the departure to the beginning of the arrival directly.

1.按下“LEGS”，可以看見航點(diǎn)的列表。

Press the LEGS page to display the list of waypoints

2.瀏覽航段頁面，注意翻頁。

Step through the legs page either by using the STEP button in the lower right or using the NEXT PAGE and PREV PAGE buttons

3.當(dāng)你看到白色的格子，其上方有NEXT或DISCONTINUITY字樣時(shí)，你應(yīng)該意識到現(xiàn)在的航路并不是連續(xù)的。這時(shí)，選擇下一個(gè)航點(diǎn)列表中的下一個(gè)航點(diǎn)，并將其插入空格一欄中。這成功解決了不連續(xù)性。

If you see an empty field with white boxes with the “NEXT” and or “DISCONTINUITY” then you have found a discontinuity in the route which should be closed so that the autopilot can follow the route properly

Go to the next waypoint in the list and select it with the line select key on the left side next to it. This copies the waypoint name into the scratchpad

Insert that waypoint name into the NEXT field to close the gap. This removes the discontinuity.

四 性能初始化

性能初始化

Performance Initialization

接下來我們需要告訴飛行管理系統(tǒng)一些參數(shù)，這樣它才可以開始計(jì)算經(jīng)過每個(gè)航點(diǎn)時(shí)的速度、高度、時(shí)間等信息。

Next we need to tell the FMS some parameters of the aircraft so that it can start computing the estimated speeds, altitudes, time and fuel burn for each waypoint correctly.

按下INIT REF按鍵。如果PERF INIT頁面沒有顯示，按下左下角的INDEX并選擇列表中的PERF INIT

Push the INIT REF button. If the PERF INIT page is not already displayed then select INDEX in the lower left and select PERF INIT from the list

輸入總重量（GR WT）以及零油重量。

Insert the gross weight (GR WT) or zero fuel weight (ZFW).

輸入儲(chǔ)備燃油質(zhì)量以及COST INDEX?？破眨篊I（成本指數(shù)）=單位時(shí)間成本（TIME COST）/單位油耗成本（FUEL COST）。成本指數(shù)是讓飛機(jī)管理速度，B737機(jī)型有效輸入是 0 到 500。

Insert the reserve fuel mass (RESERVES) and COST INDEX

輸入計(jì)劃的巡航高度。

Insert your planned cruise altitude (CRZ ALT), we’re using 38000ft in our example

輸入巡航重心。（希望評論區(qū)有人能科普一下巡航中心的算法，或者相關(guān)機(jī)型的巡航重心）

Insert the cruise center of gravity (CRZ CG)

按下亮起的EXEC按鈕。

The EXEC button should now illuminate, press it to execute these changes

五 推力限制

Thrust Limit

推力限制

在PERF INIT或者INDEX頁面可以找到THRUST LIM。點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，在跑道長度允許的前提下可以選擇減小推力。

From the PERF INIT page select the THRUST LIM button in the lower right corner, or go to the INDEX and select THRUST LIM from there. On this page we have the option to select a reduced takeoff thrust. If runway length permits we can use less than maximum available takeoff thrust to reduce engine wear and noise during takeoff.

可以輸入氣溫預(yù)估值以減小推力限制

Insert an assumed temperature to reduce the takeoff thrust limit or

也可以直接選擇左側(cè)的TO、TO1、TO2

Select TO, TO 1 or TO 2 on the left side to select that rating for takeoff

在右側(cè)，選擇爬升時(shí)推力（CLB、CLB1和CLB2），從先到后，選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)的爬升時(shí)推力逐漸減小，上升率也會(huì)相應(yīng)減小。

On the right hand side you arm a climb thrust rating (CLB, CLB 1 or CLB 2) which will activate after the takeoff thrust acceleration height is passed.

六 巡航頻道

Navigation Radio Tuning

巡航頻道

我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了必需的飛行前FMC設(shè)置了。

We’ve not completed the necessary FMC preflight steps. Now we can optionally tune some VORs or ILS frequency for additional guidance during departure.

注意：如果插入手動(dòng)頻率，則會(huì)禁止飛行管理系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)調(diào)諧功能。因此，在起飛后，如果不再需要手動(dòng)選擇的導(dǎo)航輔助設(shè)備，則應(yīng)將其移除，以允許自動(dòng)調(diào)諧恢復(fù)正常操作。

Note - If you are inserting manual frequencies it prohibits the FMS auto-tuning functionality. So after the departure, if you no longer need your manually selected NAV-aids, you should remove them to allow the auto-tuning to resume normal operation.

按下NAV RAD按鍵，將巡航頻率在NAV RADIO頁面輸入。左下角/右下角的PRESELECT空格是你儲(chǔ)存待會(huì)兒要輸入的頻率的地方。

Press the NAV RAD button to display the NAV RADIO page

You can save a frequency for later by typing it into the scratchpad and selecting the PRESELCT left or right fields.

七 VNAV（垂直導(dǎo)航）

Vertical Navigation

VNAV

飛行過程中，可以通過VNAV頁改變既定的巡航高度。按下VNAV進(jìn)入該頁面，輸入新的巡航高度并插入CRZ ALT一欄中。

還可以在這一頁面改變速度限制。如，輸入“250/10000”從而允許飛機(jī)在一萬英尺以下以低于250節(jié)的速度飛行。

你還可以刪除速度限制：按下DELETE，再選擇SPD RESTR，這樣可以刪除一切已有的速度限制。

你還可以編輯過渡高度以及過渡空層。（up理解的是平流層和對流層之間的過渡層。）

Press the VNAV button to access the VNAV pages.

Use NEXT and PREV PAGE buttons to step through the VNAV pages

Type in a new cruise altitude, e.g. 40000 to set FL400 and insert it into the CRZ ALT field

You can modify the speed restriction, e.g. type 250/10000 to allow the aircraft to fly 250kt below 10000ft

Or you can delete the speed restriction: press the DEL key to insert a DELETE command into the scratchpad, then select the SPD RESTR field to remove the speed restriction all together

You can also change the transition altitude and transition level (TRANS ALT or LVL)

八 航點(diǎn)方位信息

Waypoint Fix Info

航點(diǎn)方位信息

我們可以通過飛行管理計(jì)算機(jī)在導(dǎo)航顯示屏上繪制引導(dǎo)線。這些可以幫助我們判斷導(dǎo)航定位的距離或入場半徑。我們現(xiàn)在為出發(fā)跑道增加了延長的中心線和一個(gè)10NM的距離環(huán)。

Using the CDU we can draw guidance lines onto the navigation display. These help us judge distances or inbound radials towards navigation fixes. We’re now adding the extended centerline for our departure runway and a 10NM range ring. You can also add multiple fixes using the next pages.

按下FIX，打開FIX（方位）頁面。

在左上角FIX一欄內(nèi)輸入航點(diǎn)/甚高頻全向信標(biāo)（VOR）/無指向性無線電信標(biāo)（NDB）/機(jī)場/機(jī)場+跑道的名稱（如EDDF25C）

Open the FIX page by pressing the button labeled FIX

Type in the identifier of a waypoint, VOR, NDB, airport or runway (e.g. EDDF25C)

Insert it into the FIX field on the top left

你可以添加一個(gè)或多個(gè)航向和距離。BRG/DIS的含義是朝著XXX航向飛行XXX距離。

可以只添加航向或者只添加距離：

只添加航向，輸入航向（如“250”）

只添加距離：輸入/距離（如“/10”）

同時(shí)輸入航向及距離：航向/距離（如“250/10”）

You can add a bearing and distance or just one of them:

Type in the bearing on its own and insert it (e.g. “250”)

Type in the bearing slash distance for both (e.g. “250/10”) or

Type in slash + distance (e.g. “/15”)

這時(shí)在導(dǎo)航顯示器上，可以看見綠色的輔助線和圓。如果要移除這些信息：

找到有著你想刪除的信息的那一頁，按下“DELETE”，再按下相應(yīng)的“FIX”那一欄。

On the navigation display you can now see green helper lines or circles. To remove the fix info later:

如圖

Go to the FIX page and scroll to the page that has the FIX that you want to delete

Press the DELETE button to enter DELETE into the scratchpad

Click the FIX field to delete it

九 進(jìn)近參考

Approach Reference

進(jìn)近參考

要設(shè)置立即返航，或在下降準(zhǔn)備期間，您應(yīng)該輸入著陸的計(jì)劃總重(GROSS WT)，然后可以計(jì)算進(jìn)近參考速度。

To be set for an immediate return or during the descent preparations you should enter your planned gross weight for landing and can then compute the approach reference speeds.

如果需要一個(gè)不同的進(jìn)近重量值，那么你要重新輸入一個(gè)GROSS WT.

選擇進(jìn)近構(gòu)型，即襟翼/速度（FLAP/SPEED）。FLAP/SPEED上方有現(xiàn)成的數(shù)據(jù)供選擇。

你也可以手動(dòng)輸入一個(gè)有效的“襟翼/速度”。

Overwrite the GROSS WT value if you are expecting a different weight value for the approach

You can copy one of the suggested flap speeds into the scratchpad by pressing the button on the right side next to it.

The flap and speed pair can then be inserted into the FLAP SPEED field on the right so set the approach V-REF speed. You can also manually type in a valid flap setting and speed in knots, e.g. 30/150 and insert it into the field.