A day in the life of a Cossack warrior

哥薩克戰(zhàn)士生活中的一天

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Despite a serene sunset ?on the Dnipro river,

the mood is tense for the ?Zaporozhian Cossacks.

The year is 1676, and the Treaty of ??urawno has officially ended hostilities

between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire.

But as Stepan and his men ride ?towards their stronghold,

peace is far from their minds.

hostilities? ?n. 敵意，戰(zhàn)爭? ?（hostility的復數(shù)）

雖然聶伯河上的落日十分寧靜，

扎波羅熱哥薩克人依然情緒緊張。

時值 1676?年， 茹拉夫諾條約簽訂

正式終結了波蘭立陶宛聯(lián)邦 和奧斯曼帝國間的敵對關系。

但當史戴潘與他的人馬 朝他們的據(jù)點前進時，

就沒想過“和平”二字。

Having made their home in the Wild Fields ?north of the Black Sea,

these cossacks— derived from a Turkic ?word for "free man"—

are renowned as one of Europe’s most ?formidable military forces.

Composed of hunters, fishermen, ?nomads and outlaws,

the Cossacks found freedom in these ?fertile unclaimed lands.

formidable?? adj.?可怕的;令人畏懼的

nomad??? ? n.?游牧民

在黑海北方的大草原定居之后，

這些哥薩克人 —— ?來自突厥語"自由人"一詞 ——

成為了一支聞名歐洲的 讓人畏懼的強勁之旅。

這些哥薩克人由獵人、漁民、 游牧民族和亡命徒組成，

在這些無人認領的沃土上， 他們找到了自由。

Yet this freedom has proven increasingly ?difficult to maintain.

Their decades-long strategy of shifting ?alliances between Poland and Moscow

has led to the partitioning ?of their lands.

In a desperate bid to reclaim independence and reunite the fractured Cossack state,

their most recent leader, hetman Petro ?Doroshenko allied with the Ottoman Empire.

This alliance successfully freed the ?Zaporozhian Cossacks

in the west from Polish dominion, but ?their victory was a bitter one.

partitioning? n.?分割? ? v.隔開（partition 的 ing 形式）

bid? ??v.??努力爭??；出價；投標? ? n.?出價；投標；努力

dominion? ?n.? 主權；領土

可是，這自由越來越難以維持，

在波蘭和莫斯科之間 長達數(shù)十年變換同盟關系的戰(zhàn)略，

導致他們的土地被分割。

他們不顧一切地想要恢復獨立 并使破碎的哥薩克重新統(tǒng)一，

新領導人蓋特曼·多羅申科指揮官 和奧斯曼帝國結為同盟。

這個聯(lián)盟成功地解放了 西方被波蘭統(tǒng)治的札波羅結哥薩克人，

但這場勝利也付出了慘重代價。

Doroshenko’s Ottoman allies ?ravaged the countryside,

carrying off peasants into slavery.

And outrage at allying with Muslims ?against fellow Christians

cost him any remaining local support.

Now, with Doroshenko deposed and exiled,

the Cossacks are at odds, disagreeing ?on what their next move should be.

ravage??v.? 毀壞，劫掠? ??n.? 蹂躪，大破壞

(be)?at odds??爭執(zhí)，不和? ? （be at odds with??與……不和） （odds n. 可能性）

多羅申科的奧斯曼盟友劫掠鄉(xiāng)間，

抓走農夫、迫其為奴。

因為多羅申科和穆斯林結盟 來對抗基督教徒引發(fā)眾怒，

致使他失去了原有的當?shù)刂С帧?/p>

多羅申科被罷免、放逐，

哥薩克人四分五裂， 對下一步行動難以達成共識。

Until then, Stepan must keep order.

With his musket and curved saber, ?he cuts an imposing figure.

He surveys his battalion of 180?men.

Most are Orthodox Christians ?and speak a Slavic language

that will become modern Ukrainian.

But there are also Greeks, Tatars, ?and even some Mongolian Kalmyks,

many with different opinions ?on recent events.

musket? ?n. 步槍；毛瑟槍

curved? ?adj. 彎曲的? ?vt. 彎曲（curve 的過去式）

saber? ? ?n. 軍刀? ?v. 用馬刀砍殺

cut?an imposing figure? ?表現(xiàn)出威嚴的形象

battalion? ?n. 軍營；隊伍

在達成共識之前， 史戴潘必須維持秩序。

他帶著毛瑟槍和弧形軍刀， 塑造了使人印象深刻的形象。

他調查了自己的 180?人營隊，

大部分是東正教基督徒，

講斯拉夫語，即現(xiàn)代的烏克蘭語。

但是也有希臘人、韃靼人， 甚至一些蒙古卡爾梅克人，

很多人對當時的局勢 持著不同的意見。

Officially, all of Stepan’s men have ?sworn to uphold the Cossack code

by undergoing seven years of military ?training and remaining unmarried.

In practice, some are part-timers, holding more closely to their own traditions,

and maintaining families in nearby ?villages, outside Cossack lands.

理論上，所有史戴潘的人 都要宣誓遵守哥薩克法典，

接受七年軍事訓練，并保持未婚。

但實際上，有些人是兼差的， 更傾向于遵從他們自己的傳統(tǒng)，

并在哥薩克土地外 附近的村莊里成立家庭。

Thankfully, the tenuous peace is not ?broken before they reach the Sich—

the center of Cossack military life.

Currently located at Chortomlyk,

the Sich’s location shifts with ?the tide of military action.

The settlement is remarkably well- organized, with administrative buildings,

officers’ quarters, and even schools, ?as Cossacks prize literacy.

tenuous??adj. 纖細的；稀薄的；貧乏的

值得慶幸的是，在到達塞契前， 脆弱的和平并沒有被打破——

塞契是對哥薩克 軍事生活中心的稱呼。

目前賽契設在喬爾托姆利克，

但會隨著軍事行動而遷址。

這個定居地的組織良好， 設有行政大樓、

軍官的總部，甚至學校， 因為哥薩克人很重視識字。

Stepan and his men make their way ?to the barracks where they live and train

alongside several other ?battalions or kurins,

all of which make up a several ?hundred man regiment.

Inside, the men dine on dried fish, ?sheep’s cheese, and salted pork fat—

along with plenty of wine.

Stepan instructs his friend Yuri to ?lighten the mood with his bandurria.

But before long, an argument ?has broken out.

One of his men has raised ?a toast to Doroshenko.

Stepan cuts him off.

barrack? ?n. 營房；兵舍? ?vt. 向……提供營房

regiment??n. （軍隊的）團? ?v. 嚴格控制，管轄

cut off? 切斷；阻隔

史戴潘和他的人馬抵達了 他們居住和訓練的兵營，

營中還有數(shù)支其他軍隊，

每支軍隊都是數(shù)百人的軍團。

在營中，大家吃的是曬干的魚、 羊乳起司、咸豬肥肉 ——

還有許多葡萄酒。

史戴潘指示他的朋友尤里 用班杜拉琴來活躍氣氛。

但不久就起了爭執(zhí)。

他的手下之一舉杯敬多羅申科，

史戴潘阻止了他。

The room is silent until he raises ?his own toast to Ivan Sirko,

the new hetman who favors an alliance ?with Moscow against the Turks.

Stepan plans to support him, and ?he expects his men to do the same.

Suddenly, one of Sirko’s men rushes in,

calling an emergency Rada, ?or general council meeting.

Stepan and the others make their ?way towards the church square—

the center of Sich life.

Ivan Sirko welcomes the confused ?crowd with exciting news—

scouts have located a large Ottoman ?camp completely vulnerable on one side.

Sirko vows that tomorrow, they will ?ride against their common enemy,

defend the Cossacks’ autonomy, ?and bring unity to the Wild Fields.

As the men cheer in unison,

Stepan is relieved at their renewed ?sense of brotherhood.

hetman??n. 哥薩克人的酋長；（舊時）波蘭軍事指揮官

房間中一片寂靜， 直到他舉杯致敬伊萬·西爾科，

一名新的指揮官， 傾向與莫斯科結盟對抗突厥人。

史戴潘打算要支持他， 他也期望自己的手下會跟進。

突然， 西爾科的一名手下沖進來，

傳達要召開緊急拉達， 即全體會議。

史戴潘和其他人趕到教堂廣場——

塞契生活的中心地點。

伊萬西爾科向困惑的人群 宣布了振奮人心的消息——

偵察兵發(fā)現(xiàn)一大型奧斯曼營地， 且營地一側的防守特別薄弱。

西爾科誓言，明天， 他們要出征對抗他們共同的敵人，

保衛(wèi)哥薩克的自治權， 并一統(tǒng)烏克蘭原野。

當大家一致歡呼時，

這種重新找回的兄弟情感 讓史戴潘松了一口氣。

Over the next 200?years, these ?freedom fighters would take on many foes.

And tragically,

they would eventually become the ?oppressive hand of the Russian government

they once opposed.

But today, these?17th century Cossacks

are remembered for their spirit of ?independence and defiance.

As the Russian painter ?Ilya Repin once said:

“No people in the world held freedom, ?equality, and fraternity so deeply.”

tragically??adv. 不幸地

oppressive??adj. 壓迫的

defiance? ?n. 違抗，蔑視

在接下來的兩百年里， 這些自由斗士會面對許多敵手。

他們曾經對抗過俄國政府，

但不幸的是，

他們最后會成為 俄國政府鎮(zhèn)壓施政的幫手。

但現(xiàn)今，大家記得這些 十七世紀的哥薩克人，

是因為他們的獨立與反抗精神。

俄國畫家伊利亞·列賓曾說過：

“世界上沒有其他人對自由、 平等和友愛抱著如此深切的感情。 ”