重難點(diǎn)分析

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的高考命題導(dǎo)向：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，有一定的含義，但是不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，必須與其他動(dòng)詞連用。注意區(qū)別具有相同功能的，意思相近的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞并非高考語(yǔ)法填空設(shè)置考點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。但正確理解和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)于口語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)作等方面有著重要意義。

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法一覽表

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

用法

例句

注意事項(xiàng)

?

can

could

表許可(和may可互換)、能力；表懷疑、猜測(cè)、可能性(用于否定和疑問(wèn)句中)，could可表比can更委婉的語(yǔ)氣及用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣

You can/may sit here.

He can’t be sixty.

Could you come again ? tomorrow?

can和be able to都可表能力，但be able to可表“某事終于成功”，有時(shí)態(tài)的變化

?

may

might

表許可(問(wèn)句中表請(qǐng)求，might更委婉)；表可能、或許、猜測(cè)(might語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定)；表祝愿(用于倒裝句中)

May/Might I use your bike?

He may/might be at home.

May you succeed!

對(duì)May…do…?的否定回答用mustn’t/can’t

對(duì)May/Might…do…?的否定回答用can’t/might not

?

must

表必須、應(yīng)該(表主觀(guān)要求)；表推測(cè)(用于肯定句)，意為“準(zhǔn)是、一定”

You must study hard.

She must be tired.

否定式mustn’t表“不準(zhǔn)、禁止”；對(duì)Must…do…?的否定回答用needn’t/don’t/doesn’t ? have to(不必)

have to

只好，不得不(客觀(guān)的必須)，口語(yǔ)中也可用have/has got to

Without help, I had to do ? it myself.

have to有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng)的變化

ought to

應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should)

You ought to obey laws.

否定式oughtn’t；疑問(wèn)句用Ought…to do…?

?

shall

用于一、三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句，表征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)；用于二、三人稱(chēng)，表示許諾、命令、警告或表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的決心等

Shall we go now?

The sigh there reads, “No ? person shall smoke here.”

?

?

?

should

表建議或勸告，意為“應(yīng)該”、本該(含有責(zé)備意味)

You should learn from each ? other.

You should have given him ? help.

?

?

will

would

表意志或決心；疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱(chēng)表請(qǐng)求(would比較委婉)

He promised he would never ? smoke again.

Will/Would you like some ? tea?

would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在；used to表示過(guò)去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣

?

dare

敢(常用語(yǔ)否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中)

He dare not/daren’t sleep ? alone.

Dare you touch it?

過(guò)去式dared；可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

need

需要、必須(常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中)

You needn’t do the work ? now.

Need…do…?的肯定回答：Yes,…must；可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

?

used to

過(guò)去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)

He used to play football.

否定式usedn’t/usen’t to do/ used ? not to do/didn’t use to do；疑問(wèn)Used…to do…? Did…use to ? do?

?

二、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be doing”和“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”用法一覽表

句式

說(shuō)明

例句

can + be doing

can + have done

表示“可能”，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句(could也有此用法，只是語(yǔ)氣更委婉)

He can’t be telling lies. 他不可能在說(shuō)謊。

He can’t have told lies. 他不可能說(shuō)了謊話(huà)。

could + have done

指過(guò)去沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，表“本來(lái)可以”

It’s too late. You could ? have told him earlier. 太遲了，你本來(lái)能早點(diǎn)告訴他的。

may + be doing

may + have done

表示“可能、也許”，用于肯定句

He may be doing homework. 他也許在做作業(yè)。

He may have missed the ? train. 他可能錯(cuò)過(guò)了火車(chē)。

must + be doing

肯定句，表示“一定在干某事”

The light is on. He must ? be working. 燈亮著，他一定在工作。

must + have done

肯定句，表示“準(zhǔn)是干了某事”，對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定猜測(cè)

He is sad. He must have failed ? the exam. 他很傷心，準(zhǔn)是考試不及格。

?

needn’t + have done

“本來(lái)不必做”，用于否定句

You needn’t have lent the ? book to him. He has bought it already. 你本來(lái)不必把這本書(shū)借給他，他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本。

should/ought to + have ? done

肯定句表示“本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際沒(méi)做”；否定句表示“不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際卻做了”

I should have bought it. 我應(yīng)該把它買(mǎi)下來(lái)的。

You shouldn’t have scolded ? him. 你不應(yīng)該責(zé)罵他的。

?

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空 用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. I should have been there, but I ___________ find the time.

2. Helen ___________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.

3. Tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___________ be so rude to a lady.

5. It has been announced that candidates ___________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

6. — Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

— She ___________. I have already borrowed one.

7. John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?

8. — ___________ this book be yours?

— No, it ___________ be mine. It ___________ he his.

9. As a girl, she ___________ get up at six every day.

10. ___________ he to clean the classroom after school?

11. You ___________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?

12. — What’s the name?

— Khulaifi. ___________ I spell that for you?

13. You ___________ (see) the film, haven’t you?

14. You ___________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for I couldn’t get through.

15. They ___________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reasons.

16. ___________ you pass the College Entrance Examination!

17. He had known the matter before you told him, so you ___________ (not tell) it to him.

18. I did not call to make any airline reservation but I ___________.

19. The light is out. They ___________ (not work) now.

20. — My cat is really fat.

— You ___________ (not give) her so much food.

?

二、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick answer ???1 ???this question. At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 American became ???2 ???independent country. After that, the language ???3 ???(slow) began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, ???4 ???the language in England changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, ???5 ???Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess”(meaning “I think”), just ???6 ???the British did 300 years ago.

At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ???7 ???(end) up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish.

The differences are ???8 ???(great) in the spoken language. For example, Americans say dance /d?ns/, and in southern England people say /dɑ:ns/. In America ???9 ???pronounce not /nɑ:t/; in southern England they say /n?t/. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in ???10 ???(understand) each other

?

?

?

?

?

?

參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. couldn’t? 2. may? 3. must? 4. should? 5. shall? 6. needn’t? 7. Must? 8. Can; can’t; must? 9. would? 10. Ought? 11. must? 12. Shall? 13. must have seen? 14. must be talking? 15. must have missed? 16. May? 17. needn’t have told? 18. should have? 19. can’t be working? 20. shouldn’t have given

二、語(yǔ)法填空

本文主要介紹了英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)之間的差異。

1. to? 常用搭配，answer to the question(問(wèn)題的答案)。類(lèi)似還有key to the door(門(mén)的鑰匙)。

2. an? 不定冠詞的基本用法，an在此意為“一個(gè)(獨(dú)立的國(guó)家)”?？蘸骾ndependent以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故填an。

3. slowly? 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。

4. while? 這里是兩種語(yǔ)言的對(duì)比，用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while。(兩者對(duì)比常用并列連詞while)

5. but? 空的前后是兩個(gè)分句，故填連接詞。根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系可知此處存在一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。

6. as? 根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指“正如300年前不列顛人使用的一樣”。just as在此意為“正如”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。

7. ending? 分析句子成分可知，動(dòng)詞end在此作非謂語(yǔ)。end在此與邏輯主語(yǔ)British English and American English是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填ending作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

8. greater? 這是一個(gè)隱性比較級(jí)。句意：在口語(yǔ)方面的不同之處就更大了。

9. they? 缺少主語(yǔ)填代詞，they在此指代前面的Americans。

10. understanding? 介詞后的動(dòng)詞需用動(dòng)名詞形式。

助讀詞匯

independent adj. 獨(dú)立的?????????????? pronounce vt. 發(fā)音

come about 產(chǎn)生???????????????????? after that 之后

in the same way 同樣；以同樣的方式?? have difficulty in 在某方面有困難

?

?