英語專升本知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(一)

英語中的八個(gè)基本時(shí)態(tài),即:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)
知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
考時(shí)態(tài)的題目,如果題目中有關(guān)于時(shí)間的單詞或短語等,重點(diǎn)抓。然后再結(jié)合句意(表達(dá)的是過去,將來,還是當(dāng)時(shí)?)和分析選項(xiàng)來確定用什么時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。
表達(dá)時(shí)間的單詞、短語:now,tomorrow,last year,every day每天,next week下周,very soon不久的將來/很快,later,by the end of,when, so far, in the last …years, as soon as一……就,by the time到……時(shí), at the/that moment此時(shí)/那時(shí),等等
時(shí)間狀語 “so far” 接現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞;
有時(shí)間狀語"yet"至今,直到現(xiàn)在,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);
時(shí)間狀語"In the last… years"接現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行;時(shí),have/has been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(ing);
時(shí)間狀語“while”接進(jìn)行時(shí),用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),看主句用的是什么時(shí)態(tài)。
有時(shí)間狀語"then"那時(shí),用進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):be+動(dòng)詞-ing,過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing。
[細(xì)講]
時(shí)間狀語 “so far” 接現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞,
表示過去的某一動(dòng)作或行為一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且還有可能延續(xù)下去。
例:So far, the fortunes(命運(yùn),機(jī)會(huì),運(yùn)氣) of thousands of (成千上萬)poor children ______ by the charity project(慈善項(xiàng)目).
A. have been changed
B. will change
C. have changed
D. change
解析:so far 接現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除B 和 D ,孩子們的命運(yùn)是被慈善項(xiàng)目改變的,用被動(dòng)形式,be changed。
時(shí)間狀語"In the last… years",“在過去的多少年里”,接現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。have/has been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(現(xiàn)在分詞形式就是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式)。
例:In the last 20 years, sea ice ______ in the Arctic because of global warming全球變暖.
A. had decreased
B. has been decreasing
C. decreased
D. is decreasing
答案:B
在過去的20年里,由于全球變暖,北極的海冰一直在減少。(記翻譯的順序)
記單詞:decrease 減少、減弱、降低,increase 增加、增強(qiáng)、提高
時(shí)間狀語"yet",強(qiáng)調(diào)過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
例:The reason why they change their mind has not been explained to us yet.
他們還沒有向我們解釋他們改變主意的原因。
有時(shí)間狀語"then",用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
例:The student didn't pay attention to the class. In fact, his attention______ by something else then那時(shí).
A.?attracted
B. has attracted
C. was attracting
D. was being attracted
分析:pay attention to sth/to do sth集中注意力在……上/去做某事
sb's attention is attracted by sth某人的注意力被……所吸引
可以先用排除法,有"by",by前面的單詞用ed形式,排除C.
根據(jù)第一句的didn't,第二句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示在過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。又因?yàn)閔is attention 和attract 之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,被吸引,所以應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),,即謂語動(dòng)詞用was/were being+過去分詞的形式。
正確答案:D
知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句
If 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句遵循主過從過、主將從現(xiàn)的原則。還有主情從現(xiàn),主祈從現(xiàn)
[從]If it rains tomorrow, [主] I won’t climb the hills. 如果明天下雨,我就不去爬山。
主將從現(xiàn)
例2: Kids will soon get tired of learning if they are expected(被期待)to learn more than they can.
如果要求孩子們學(xué)習(xí)超出他們能力限度的東西,他們很快就會(huì)厭煩學(xué)習(xí)。
We may(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) go out if it's fine tomorrow. 主情從現(xiàn)
[祈使句]Please call me if you go shopping next Sunday. 主祈從現(xiàn)
主將從現(xiàn)的不同句型:
If I go there,I'll take her some flowers.
We'll stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
考題:If nothing _____, the ocean will disappear(消失)gradually(逐漸地).
A. does
B. had been done
C. will do
D. is done
正確答案: D ,主將從現(xiàn)。 nothing 和 do是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,也遵循"主將從現(xiàn)" 原則
例:She will go on holiday as soon as she ____ examinations.
A. finished
B. finishes
C. had finished
D. will finish
答案:B
主句will go on,一般將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
記單詞:examination[名詞]測試,考試
知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
"but" 連接兩個(gè)并列分句,前后兩個(gè)分句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。
例:They _____ to the hospital, but it was too late.
A. have rushed?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
B. had been rushed?過去完成時(shí)
C. rushed?一般過去時(shí)
D. rush 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
答案:C
區(qū)分考察的內(nèi)容:
例:The computer runs very slowly, but it ____?two months ago.
這臺(tái)電腦運(yùn)行很慢,但它是兩個(gè)月前才買的。
A. has been bought
B. will be bought
C. is bought
D. was bought
分析:根據(jù)后一分句中的時(shí)間狀語two months ago(兩個(gè)月前)和句意可知,這里應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。又因?yàn)閕t (指代the computer)和buy之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
正確答案:D
平時(shí)做完題目,把不會(huì)的單詞抄在本子上,先用翻譯工具查看讀音和意思,一個(gè)單詞抄寫兩行,一邊讀一邊寫,并默念中文意思。
主要記名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞
知識(shí)點(diǎn)4
This/That/It is the best(最好的,worst最差的,only唯一的)……+ that 從句,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),即用have/has+過去分詞形式
例:It 's the best coffee that I have ever had.這是我喝過的最好的咖啡。
This is the best gift I have ever received. 這個(gè)是我收到過的最好的禮物。
That's the worst taxi that I have ever taken.那個(gè)是我坐過的最差的出租車。
相似句型:
It/That/This+be 動(dòng)詞+the+序數(shù)詞+time+that
這是/那是……第幾次……
當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞是is時(shí),從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——have/has+過去分詞;
當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞是was時(shí),從句用過去完成時(shí)——had+過去分詞。
例:It isn't the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.
這不是我第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于令人尷尬的處境。
記單詞:embarrassed尷尬的
I feel embarrassed. 我感到尷尬
What an embarrassing situation!多么令人尷尬的處境!
句型"It was + 一段時(shí)間+since從句",從句用過去完成時(shí)
例:It was four years since John had left school. We missed him very much.
約翰離開學(xué)校已經(jīng)4年了。我們非常想念他。
知識(shí)點(diǎn)5
系動(dòng)詞 或連系動(dòng)詞
一些系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)意義,例如:it takes good. 主語 it, 嘗起來很好吃,被"嘗",這里用系動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式takes表被動(dòng).
例:It ____ like a reasonable guess, but how can we prove it?
A. is sounded
B. sounds
C. are sounded
D. sound
答案:B
it 做主語,用三單形式,加"s"
系動(dòng)詞 feel:感覺起來,摸起來,如:Silk feels smooth. 絲綢摸起來很光滑。
系動(dòng)詞sound:聽起來,聽上去,如:Sounds great. 聽起來不錯(cuò)。此句省去了主語 It,所以 sound 后面+s。
系動(dòng)詞smell:聞起來,如:The socks smell rerrible.
例:The perfume(香水) /my friend gave me as a gift/ _____ very sweet.
考系動(dòng)詞smell,主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)
A. is smelt
B. smells
C. smell
D. was smelt
答案:B。主語 perfume,香水聞起來很甜美。