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先變形,再證明(2021全國(guó)乙導(dǎo)數(shù))

2022-10-13 16:12 作者:數(shù)學(xué)老頑童  | 我要投稿

(2021全國(guó)乙,20)設(shè)函數(shù)f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%20a-x%20%5Cright)%20,已知x%3D0是函數(shù)y%3Dxf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的極值點(diǎn).

(1)求a

(2)設(shè)函數(shù)g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%2Bf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%7D%7Bxf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%7D,證明:g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C1.

解:(1)y%3Dxf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Dx%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%20a-x%20%5Cright)%20

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09y'%26%3D1%5Ccdot%20%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%20a-x%20%5Cright)%20%2Bx%5Ccdot%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba-x%7D%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%20a-x%20%5Cright)%20%2B%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bx-a%7D%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

由題可知y'%5Cleft%7C%20_%7Bx%3D0%7D%20%5Cright.%20%3D%5Cln%20%20a%3D0,

解得a%3D1.

所以“a%3D1”是“x%3D0是函數(shù)y%3Dxf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的極值點(diǎn)的必要條件.

下面證明:“a%3D1”是“x%3D0是函數(shù)y%3Dxf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的極值點(diǎn)的充分條件.

(不證不專業(yè))

當(dāng)a%3D1時(shí),

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09y'%26%3D%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%20%2B%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bx-1%7D%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%20%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx-1%7D%2B1%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

易知y'%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D,

并且y'%5Cleft%7C%20_%7B%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx%3D0%7D%7D%20%5Cright.%20%3D%5Cln%20%201%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D,所以

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%7D,y'%3E0,y%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%7D,y'%3C0,y%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

所以x%3D0是函數(shù)y%3Dxf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20極大值點(diǎn).

綜上所述:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3D1%7D.

(2)由(1)知g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%2B%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%7D%7Bx%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%7D,

g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C1,即%5Cfrac%7Bx%2B%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%7D%7Bx%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%7D%3C1,

其等價(jià)于%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%20%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1-x%7D-1%3E0%7D.

h%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cln%20%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%20%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1-x%7D-1

其中x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccup%20%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20,

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09h'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B1-x%7D%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%5Ccdot%20%5Cleft(%20-1%20%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7B%5Cleft(%201-x%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%7Dh'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,h%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%7Dh'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,h%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D,

h%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Eh%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,證畢.


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