這是關(guān)于梅柳齊娜的最后一篇（實際上梅柳齊娜還有一個文獻，但是有點長，也就整整五十面吧，反正我開擺了）

我的觀點會用（括號紅色寫出）

以下內(nèi)容翻譯自梅柳齊娜英文wiki

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melusine

Mélusine (French: [melyzin]) or Melusina is a figure of European folklore, a female spirit of fresh water in a holy well or river. She is usually depicted as a woman who is a serpent or fish from the waist down (much like a lamia or a mermaid). She is also sometimes illustrated with wings, two tails, or both. Her legends are especially connected with the northern and western areas of France, Luxembourg, and the Low Countries.

梅柳齊娜Mélusine (法語讀音: [melyzin]) 或 Melusina是歐洲民間傳說中的一個角色，是圣井或圣河淡水里的女性妖精。她通常被描繪成一個腰部以下是蛇或魚的女人（很像蛇女拉米亞或美人魚）。她有時還畫有翅膀，兩條尾巴，或兩者都有。她的傳說尤其與法國北部和西部，盧森堡以及低地國家有關(guān)。

The Limburg-Luxemburg dynasty (which ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1308 to 1437 as well as Bohemia and Hungary), the House of Anjou and their descendants the House of Plantagenet (kings of England), and the French House of Lusignan (kings of Cyprus from 1205–1472, and for shorter periods over Cilician Armenia and Jerusalem) are said in folk tales and medieval literature to be descended from Melusine. The story combines several major legendary themes, such as the water nymph or mermaid, the earth being (terroir), the genius or guardian spirit of a location, the succubus who comes from the diabolical world to unite carnally with a man, or the banshee or harbinger of death.

民間傳說和中世紀文學(xué)中都說，林堡-盧森堡王朝（1308年至1437年統(tǒng)治神圣羅馬帝國以及波希米亞和匈牙利），安茹王朝及其后裔金雀花王朝（英國國王），呂西尼昂的法國王朝（1205-1472年為塞浦路斯國王，短期為西里西亞-亞美尼亞和耶路撒冷國王）是梅柳齊娜的后裔。故事結(jié)合了幾個主要的傳說主題，如水精（nymph 即寧芙是希臘神話的水精靈）或美人魚，地球生物（風(fēng)土環(huán)境），某地的妖精或守護靈，來自魔界的魅魔與男人肉體上結(jié)合，女妖或者死亡預(yù)兆。

Etymology 詞源

The French Dictionnaire de la langue fran?aise suggests the Latin melus, meaning "melodious, pleasant". Another theory is that Melusine was inspired by a Poitevin legend of "Mère Lusine," leader of a band of fairies who built Roman edifices throughout the countryside. Melusine's name varies depending on the areas, such as Merlusse in Vosges or Merluisaine in Champagne.

法語詞典《de la langue fran?aise》認為拉丁文 melus ，意思是“悠揚，愉悅”。另一種說法是，梅柳齊娜的靈感來源于普瓦圖傳說中的“Mère Lusine”，即一群在農(nóng)村各地建造了羅馬建筑的精靈的首領(lǐng)。梅柳齊娜的名字因地區(qū)而異，例如孚日（法國地名）的 Merlusse 或香檳（法國地名）的 Merluisaine。

Literary versions 文學(xué)版本

The most famous literary version of Melusine tales, that of Jean d'Arras, compiled about 1382–1394, was worked into a collection of "spinning yarns" as told by ladies at their spinning coudrette (coulrette (in French)). He wrote The Romans of Partenay or of Lusignen: Otherwise known as the Tale of Melusine, giving source and historical notes, dates and background of the story. He goes into detail and depth about the relationship of Melusine and Raymondin, their initial meeting, and the complete story.

最著名的梅柳齊娜故事的版本由 Jean d'Arras 編寫于大約1382-1394年，被編入一系列的“紡紗故事”內(nèi)，正如女士們在她們的紡紗機（coulrette 法語）上所說的那樣。他寫了《The Romans of Partenay or of Lusignen: Otherwise known as the Tale of Melusine》，給出了故事的來源和歷史注釋，日期和故事背景。他詳細深入地講述了梅柳齊娜和 Raymondin 的關(guān)系，他們的初次見面以及整個故事。

The tale was translated into German in 1456 by Thüring von Ringoltingen, which version became popular as a chapbook. It was later translated into English, twice, around 1500, and often printed in both the 15th century and the 16th century. There is also a Castilian and a Dutch translation, both of which were printed at the end of the 15th century. A prose version is entitled the Chronique de la princesse (Chronicle of the Princess).

這個故事在1456年被 Thüring von Ringoltingen 翻譯成德語，這個版本作為一本小冊子流行起來。它后來大約在1500年被兩次翻譯成英語，并且在15世紀和16世紀里常常被印刷。也有卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語和荷蘭語的譯本，都是在15世紀末印刷的。散文版的標題是《Chronique de la princesse》（公主紀事）。

The story tells how in the time of the Crusades, Elynas, the King of Albany (an old name for Scotland or Alba), went hunting one day and came across a beautiful lady in the forest. She was Pressyne, mother of Melusine. He persuaded her to marry him but she agreed, only on the promise—for there is often a hard and fatal condition attached to any pairing of fay and mortal—that he must not enter her chamber when she birthed or bathed her children. She gave birth to triplets. When he violated this taboo, Pressyne left the kingdom, together with her three daughters, and traveled to the lost Isle of Avalon.

故事講述了十字軍東征期間，奧爾巴尼（蘇格蘭或阿爾巴的舊名字）國王 Elynas 一天去打獵，在森林里遇到一位美麗女子。她是 Pressyne，梅柳齊娜的母親。他說服她嫁給他，但她在一個承諾的條件下同意了——因為任何一對妖精和凡人配偶通常都附帶一個苛刻而致命的條件——即他不能在她分娩或給孩子洗澡時進入她的房間。她生了三胞胎。當他違反這一禁忌時，Pressyne 和她的三個女兒離開了王國，前往了失落的島嶼阿瓦隆。

The three girls—Melusine, Melior, and Palatyne—grew up in Avalon. On their fifteenth birthday, Melusine, the eldest, asked why they had been taken to Avalon. Upon hearing of their father's broken promise, Melusine sought revenge. She and her sisters captured Elynas and locked him, with his riches, in a mountain. Pressyne became enraged when she learned what the girls had done, and punished them for their disrespect to their father. Melusine was condemned to take the form of a serpent from the waist down every Saturday.

三個女孩梅柳齊娜，Melior 和 Palatyne 在阿瓦隆長大。在她們十五歲生日時，長女梅柳齊娜問她們?yōu)槭裁幢粠У桨⑼呗?。一聽到是父親的失信，梅柳齊娜便尋求復(fù)仇。她和她的姐妹們抓捕了 Elynas，并將他和他的財產(chǎn)鎖在山上。Pressyne 得知這些女孩的所作所為時非常憤怒，并懲罰了她們對父親的不敬。每個星期六，梅柳齊娜都被判從腰部以下變成蛇。

Raymond or Raymondin of Poitou came across Melusine in a forest of Coulombiers in Poitou in France, and proposed marriage. Just as her mother had done, she laid a condition: that he must never enter her chamber on a Saturday. For many years Raymond kept his promise, and Melusine bore him ten sons and organized the construction of marvelous castles. However, Raymond was eventually goaded by a relative and grew suspicious of Melusine's activities on Saturday. He broke his promise and peeked into her chamber, where he saw Melusine bathing in half-serpent form. He kept his transgression a secret, until one of their now-adult sons murdered another. In front of his court, the grieving Raymond blamed Melusine and called her a "serpent." She then assumed the form of a dragon, provided him with two magic rings, and flew off, never to be seen again. She returned only at night to nurse her two youngest children, who were still infants.

普瓦圖的 Raymond 或 Raymondin 在法國普瓦圖 Coulombiers 森林中遇到了梅柳齊娜，并向她求婚。正如她母親所做的那樣，她提出了一個條件：他絕不能在星期六進入她的房間。多年來，Raymond 信守諾言，梅柳齊娜給他生了十個兒子，并組織了許多非凡的城堡的建造。然而，Raymond 最終受到了一位親戚的慫恿，并對梅柳齊娜周六的活動產(chǎn)生了懷疑。他違背了諾言，偷看了她的房間，在那里他看到了梅柳齊娜以半蛇的形態(tài)洗澡。他對自己的違背諾言的行為保密，直到他們的一個成年兒子謀殺了另一個兒子。在庭院前，悲痛的雷蒙德指責(zé)梅柳齊娜，并稱她為“蛇”。然后她化身為龍，給了他兩個魔法戒指，然后飛走了，再也沒有人看見她。她只在晚上回來照顧她的兩個最小的仍然為嬰兒的孩子。

Analysis 分析

In folkloristics, German folklorist Hans-J?rg Uther classifies the Melusine tale and related legends as its own tale type of the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index. In the German Folktale Catalogue (German: Deutscher M?rchenkatalog), they are grouped under type *425O, "Melusine", part of a section related to tales where a human maiden marries a supernatural husband in animal form (Animal as Bridegroom).

在民俗學(xué)中，德國民俗學(xué)家 Hans-J?rg Uther 將梅柳齊娜的故事和相關(guān)傳說分類為自己的故事類型，即Aarne-Thompson-Uther 索引。在德國民間故事目錄（德語：Deutscher M?rchenkatalog）中，它們被歸為*425O類，“Melusine”，這是與【人類少女與動物形的超自然丈夫結(jié)婚的故事】相關(guān)的一部分（動物作為新娘）。

As in tales of swan maidens, shapeshifting and flight on wings away from oath-breaking husbands figure in stories about Mélusine. According to Sabine Baring-Gould in Curious Tales of the Middle Ages, the pattern of the tale is similar to the Knight of the Swan legend which inspired the character "Lohengrin" in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival.

就像天鵝少女的故事一樣，梅柳齊娜的故事中也出現(xiàn)了變身和用翅膀從違背誓言的丈夫身邊飛走。據(jù) Sabine Baring-Gould 在《Curious Tales of the Middle Ages》所說的，故事的模式類似于天鵝傳說里的騎士，該傳說激發(fā)了 Wolfram von Eschenbach 的《Parzival》中的角色 Lohengrin 的靈感。

Jacques Le Goff considered that Melusina represented a fertility figure: "she brings prosperity in a rural area...Melusina is the fairy of medieval economic growth".

Jacques Le Goff 認為梅柳齊娜代表了一個富饒形象：“她給農(nóng)村地區(qū)帶來了繁榮……梅柳齊娜是中世紀經(jīng)濟增長的仙女”。

Other versions 其他版本

In France 法國

Melusine legends are especially connected with the northern areas of France, Poitou and the Low Countries, as well as Cyprus, where the French Lusignan royal house that ruled the island from 1192 to 1489 claimed to be descended from Melusine. Oblique reference to this was made by Sir Walter Scott who told a Melusine tale in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802–1803) stating that {{cquote|the reader will find the fairy of Normandy, or Bretagne, adorned with all the splendour of Eastern description. The fairy Melusina, also, who married Guy de Lusignan, Count of Poitou, under condition that he should never attempt to intrude upon her privacy, was of this latter class. She bore the count many children, and erected for him a magnificent castle by her magical art. Their harmony was uninterrupted until the prying husband broke the conditions of their union, by concealing himself to behold his wife make use of her enchanted bath. Hardly had Melusina discovered the indiscreet intruder, than, transforming herself into a dragon, she departed with a loud yell of lamentation, and was never again visible to mortal eyes; although, even in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to be the protectress of her descendants, and was heard wailing as she sailed upon the blast round the turrets of the castle of Lusignan the night before it was demolished.

梅柳齊娜的傳說尤其與法國北部地區(qū)，普瓦圖和低地國家以及塞浦路斯有關(guān)，1192年至1489年統(tǒng)治該島的法國呂西尼昂王室聲稱是梅柳齊娜的后裔。Walter Scott 爵士間接提到了這一點，他在《Minstrelsy of Scottish Border》（1802-1803）中講述了一個梅柳齊娜的故事，稱“讀者會發(fā)現(xiàn)，諾曼底或布列塔尼的仙女，裝飾著所有東方描述的輝煌。以永不嘗試侵犯她隱私為條件嫁給普瓦圖伯爵 Guy de Lusignan 的仙女梅柳齊娜也屬于后者。她為伯爵生了許多孩子，并用她的魔法為他建造了一座宏偉的城堡。他們的和睦從未中斷，直到那個愛打聽的丈夫破壞了他們的婚姻條件，他躲起來看到妻子利用她那迷人的浴缸。梅柳齊娜一發(fā)現(xiàn)這個冒失的入侵者，就變?yōu)橐粭l龍，大聲哀嘆著離開了，世人再也看不見她了；即使在布朗通時代，她也被認為是她的后代們的守護者，在呂西尼昂城堡被摧毀的前一天晚上，當她在爆炸中圍繞城堡的塔樓飛行時，人們聽到她在哭泣?！?/span>

In Luxembourg 盧森堡

The Counts of Luxembourg also claimed descent from Melusine through their ancestor Siegfried. When in 963 A.D. Count Siegfried of the Ardennes (Sigefroi in French; Sigfrid in Luxembourgish) bought the feudal rights to the territory on which he founded his capital city of Luxembourg, his name became connected with the local version of Melusine. This Melusina had essentially the same magic gifts as the ancestress of the Lusignans. The morning after their wedding, she magically created the Castle of Luxembourg on the Bock rock (the historical center point of Luxembourg City). On her terms of marriage, she too required one day of absolute privacy each week. Eventually Sigfrid was tempted by curiosity and entered her apartment on Saturday, when he saw her in her bath and discovered her to be a mermaid. He cried out in surprise, and Melusina and her bath sank into the earth. Melusine remained trapped in the rock but returns every seven years either as a woman or a serpent, carrying a golden key in her mouth. Anyone brave enough to take the key will free her and win her as his bride. Also every seven years, Melusine adds a stitch to a linen chemise; if she finishes the chemise before she can be freed, all of Luxembourg will be swallowed by the rock. In 1997, Luxembourg issued a postage stamp commemorating her.

盧森堡伯爵也聲稱他們的祖先 Siegfried（常譯為齊格弗里德，齊格飛）是梅柳齊娜的后裔。公元963年，阿登的 Siegfried 伯爵（法語 Sigefroi，盧森堡語 Sigfrid）購買了那個地區(qū)的封建權(quán)利建立盧森堡的首都，他的名字與當?shù)匕姹镜拿妨R娜聯(lián)系在了一起。梅柳齊娜作為呂西尼昂人的祖先有本質(zhì)上相同的魔法天賦?；槎Y后的第二天早上，她神奇地在博克巖（盧森堡城的歷史中心點）上建造了盧森堡城堡。根據(jù)她的結(jié)婚條件，她也要求每周有一天絕對的隱私。最終，Sigfrid 被好奇心所驅(qū)使，于周六進入了她的房間，當他在她的浴缸里看到她時，發(fā)現(xiàn)她是一條美人魚。他驚叫起來，梅盧西娜和她的浴缸沉入了地里。梅柳齊娜仍然被困在巖石中，但她每七年就會以女人或蛇的身份回來，嘴里叼著一把金鑰匙。任何敢于拿鑰匙的人都可以釋放她，讓她成為自己的新娘。同樣每七年，梅柳齊娜會在亞麻襯衣上加一針；如果她在被釋放之前完成了這件襯衣，盧森堡的所有地區(qū)都將被巖石吞沒。1997年，盧森堡發(fā)行了一張郵票用于紀念她。

In Germany 德國

In his Table Talks, Martin Luther mentioned Melusina of Lucelberg (Luxembourg), whom he described as a succubus or the devil. Luther believed in stories like Melusine and attributed them to the devil appearing in female form to seduce men.

Martin Luther 在他的餐桌會談中提到了盧森堡的梅柳齊娜，他將她描述為魅魔或惡魔。Luther 相信像梅柳齊娜這樣的故事，并將其歸因于惡魔以女性的形式出現(xiàn)來誘惑男人。

The story of Melusine strongly influenced Paracelsus's writings on elementals and especially his description of water spirits. This, in turn, inspired Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué's novella Undine (1811), which led to adaptations and references in works such as Jean Giraudoux's play Ondine (1939), Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Little Mermaid (1837), and Antonín Dvo?ák's opera Rusalka (1901).

梅柳齊娜的故事強烈影響了帕拉塞爾蘇斯（著名煉金術(shù)師）關(guān)于元素的著作，尤其是他對水精靈的描述。這反過來又激發(fā)了 Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué 的中篇小說《Undine》（1811年）的靈感，該小說改編并引用了例如 Jean Giraudoux 的劇本《Ondine》，Hans Christian Andersen 的童話《The Little Mermaid》（1837年），以及 Antonín Dvo?ák 的歌劇《Rusalka》(1901年)。

In a legend set in the forest of Stollenwald, a young man meets a beautiful woman named Melusina who has the lower body of a snake. If he will kiss her three times on three consecutive days, she will be freed. However, on each day she becomes more and more monstrous, until the young man flees in terror without giving her the final kisses. He later marries another girl, but the food at their wedding feast is mysteriously poisoned with serpent venom and everyone who eats it dies.

在 Stollenwald 森林中的一個傳說中，一個年輕人遇到了一位名叫梅柳齊娜的美麗女子，她有一條蛇的下半身。如果他連續(xù)三天親她三次，她就會被釋放。然而，她每天變得越來越可怕，直到那個年輕人沒有給她最后一個吻就恐懼地逃走。他后來娶了另一個女孩，但他們婚宴上的食物被蛇的毒液神秘地下毒了，吃了它的人都死了。

Other Germanic water sprites include Lorelei and the nixie.

其他的德國水精還包含 Lorelei 和 nixie。

In Britain 不列顛

Melusine is one of the pre-Christian water-faeries who were sometimes responsible for changelings. The "Lady of the Lake", who spirited away the infant Lancelot and raised the child, was such a water nymph.

梅柳齊娜是基督教之前的水仙子之一，有時偷換兒童有她的責(zé)任。“湖中之女”就是這樣一位水精，她偷偷帶走了嬰兒蘭斯洛特并撫養(yǎng)了孩子。

A folktale tradition of a demon wife similar to Melusine appears in early English literature. According to the chronicler Gerald of Wales, Richard I of England was fond of telling a tale that he was a descendant of an unnamed countess of Anjou. In the legend, an early Count of Anjou encountered a beautiful woman from a foreign land. They were married and had four sons. However, the count became troubled because his wife only attended church infrequently, and always left in the middle of Mass. One day he had four of his men forcibly restrain his wife as she rose to leave the church. She evaded the men and, in full view of the congregation, flew out of the church through its highest window. She carried her two youngest sons away with her. One of the remaining sons was the ancestor of the later Counts of Anjou, their troublesome nature being the result of their demonic background.

在早期的英國文學(xué)中出現(xiàn)了一個類似梅柳齊娜的惡魔妻子的民間傳說。根據(jù)威爾士的編年史作家 Gerald 的說法，英國的理查德一世喜歡講一個故事，他是一個安茹（法國地名）的無名伯爵夫人的后裔。傳說中，安茹的早期一個伯爵遇到了一位來自外地的美麗女子。他們結(jié)婚了，有四個兒子。然而，由于他的妻子很少參加教堂，而且總是在彌撒（宗教儀式）中途離開，所以讓伯爵感到麻煩。有一天，他有四個手下在他的妻子試圖離開教堂時強行限制她。在教堂人們的目視下，她躲開了這些人，從教堂的最高窗戶飛出去。她帶著兩個最小的兒子離開了。剩下的兒子其中一個是后來安茹伯爵的祖先，他們的麻煩的本質(zhì)是他們惡魔背景的結(jié)果。

A similar story became attached to Eleanor of Aquitaine, as seen in the 14th-century romance Richard Coer de Lyon. In this fantastical account, Henry II's wife is not named Eleanor but Cassodorien, and she always leaves Mass before the elevation of the Host. They have three children: Richard, John, and a daughter named Topyas. When Henry forces Cassodorien to stay in Mass, she flies through the roof of the church carrying her daughter, never to be seen again.

類似的故事也發(fā)生在阿基坦的 Eleanor 身上，如14世紀浪漫小說《Richard Coer de Lyon》中所見。在這個奇妙的故事中，亨利二世的妻子不是 Eleanor ，而是 Cassodorien，她總是在 elevation of the Host（直譯為提升圣體，基督教的一種禮儀，指圣體和裝有基督血的圣杯祝圣后舉起，譯者不太了解宗教，如有熟悉的歡迎修正補充）之前離開彌撒。他們有三個孩子： Richard, John, 和一個女兒名叫 Topyas。當 Henry 強迫 Cassodorien 待在彌撒中時，她帶著女兒飛出教堂的屋頂，再也沒能再見。

Related legends 相關(guān)傳說

The Travels of Sir John Mandeville recounts a legend about Hippocrates' daughter. She was transformed into a hundred-foot long dragon by the goddess Diane, and is the "lady of the manor" of an old castle. She emerges three times a year, and will be turned back into a woman if a knight kisses her, making the knight into her consort and ruler of the islands. Various knights try, but flee when they see the hideous dragon; they die soon thereafter. This appears to be an early version of the legend of Melusine.

John Mandeville 爵士的旅行講述了 Hippocrates 的女兒的傳說。她被女神 Diane 變成了一條百英尺長的龍，是一座古老城堡的“莊園夫人”。她每年出現(xiàn)三次，如果一個騎士吻她就會變回一位女性，把騎士變成她的配偶和島嶼的統(tǒng)治者。各種騎士嘗試了，但當他們看到可怕的龍時就逃跑了；他們之后很快就死了。這似乎是梅柳齊娜傳說的早期版本。

The motif of the cursed serpent-maiden freed by a kiss also appears in the story of Le Bel Inconnu.

被詛咒的毒蛇少女被親吻釋放的主題也出現(xiàn)在 Le Bel Inconnu 的故事中。