Executive Summary執(zhí)行摘要

In April 2021, the Government of Japan released its Basic Policy on Handling of ALPS Treated Water at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings’(TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (Basic Policy). This policy resulted from a programme of review by the relevant Japanese government ministries, and TEPCO, about how to manage the accumulating ALPS treated water stored on site at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS).?

2021年4月，日本政府發(fā)布了《東京電力公司福島第一核電站ALPS處理水基本政策》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《基本政策》)。這一政策出自日本政府相關(guān)部委和東京電力公司( TEPCO )關(guān)于如何處理福島第一核電站( FDNPS )現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儲(chǔ)存的囤積ALPS處理水的計(jì)劃。

The Basic Policy describes, among other topics, the method selected by the Government of Japan for the handling of the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS) treated water which was to discharge the treated water into the sea.

《基本政策》陳述了日本政府對(duì)?ALPS處理水的處理方法，即將處理后的核污水排入大海。

Following the announcement of this policy, the Government of Japan requested that the IAEA conduct a detail review of the safety related aspects of handling ALPS treated water stored at FDNPS, applying the relevant international safety standards.?

在此政策公布后，日本政府要求國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)根據(jù)相關(guān)的國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)處理儲(chǔ)存在福島第一核電廠的ALPS處理水的安全相關(guān)方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的審查。（意思大概是，我們也不想管的，他非要找我們？）

The IAEA Director General accepted this request and noted the IAEA’s commitment to being involved before, during, and after the ALPS treated water discharges. The IAEA is conducting this review in compliance with its relevant IAEA statutory functions, in particular, that established in Article 3.A.6 of the IAEA Statute which declares that the Agency is authorized:

國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)總干事接受了這一請(qǐng)求，并承諾到國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)承諾在ALPS處理水排放之前、期間和之后參與其中。國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)正在根據(jù)《國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)約》所規(guī)定的的3.A.6條對(duì)其進(jìn)行審查。

To establish or adopt, in consultation and, where appropriate, in collaboration with the competent organs of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies concerned, standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property (including such standards for labour conditions), ... and to provide for the application of these standards, ... at the request of a State, to any of that State’s activities in the field of atomic energy.

這一段是國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)約，因此省略不翻譯。

In July 2021, the IAEA and the Government of Japan signed the Terms of Reference for IAEA Assistance to Japan on Review of Safety Aspects of ALPS Treated Water at TEPCO’s FDNPS. The IAEA activities in this regard consist of a technical review to assess whether the actions of TEPCO and the Government of Japan to discharge the ALPS treated water over the coming decades are consistent with international safety standards.

2021年7月，國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)與日本政府簽署了《國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)援助日本關(guān)于在東京電力公司FDNPS對(duì)ALPS處理水的安全方面進(jìn)行審查的職權(quán)范圍》。國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)在這方面的活動(dòng)包括技術(shù)審查，以評(píng)估未來幾十年東電的操作，和日本政府排放ALPS處理水的行動(dòng)是否符合國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The IAEA is also undertaking all necessary activities for the corroboration of the source and environmental monitoring programmes of TEPCO and the Government of Japan before, during and after the discharges. The IAEA’s review is organized into the following three major components to ensure all key safety elements are adequately addressed: 1) Assessment of Protection and Safety, 2) Regulatory Activities and Processes, and 3) Independent Sampling, Data Corroboration, and Analysis.

國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)還在開展所有必要的活動(dòng)，以核實(shí)東京電力和日本政府在排放前、排放中和排放后的源和環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)方案。國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的審查分為以下三個(gè)主要部分，以確保所有關(guān)鍵的安全要素都得到充分的處理：1 )保護(hù)和安全評(píng)估；2 )監(jiān)管活動(dòng)和過程；3 )獨(dú)立抽樣、數(shù)據(jù)核實(shí)和分析。

To implement the IAEA’s review in a transparent and inclusive manner, the IAEA Director General established a Task Force. The Task Force operates under the authority of the IAEA and is chaired by a senior IAEA official.?

為了以透明和包容的方式實(shí)施國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的審查，國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)總干事成立了一個(gè)工作組。該工作組在國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的授權(quán)下運(yùn)作，并由一名國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)高級(jí)官員擔(dān)任主席。

The Task Force includes experts from the IAEA Secretariat alongside internationally recognized independent experts with extensive experience from a wide range of technical specialties from Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, France, the Marshall Islands, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States and Viet Nam.?

該工作組的成員包括來自國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)秘書處的專家，以及來自阿根廷、澳大利亞、加拿大、中國(guó)、法國(guó)、馬紹爾群島、大韓民國(guó)（非重點(diǎn)，雖然the Republic of Korea確實(shí)是韓國(guó)的正式名稱，但是為啥就你是因?yàn)檎矫Q啊，我們中國(guó)怎么不是the People's Republic of?China）、俄羅斯聯(lián)邦、英國(guó)、美國(guó)和越南的具有豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)的國(guó)際公認(rèn)的獨(dú)立專家。

These independent experts provide advice and serve on the Task Force in their individual professional capacity to help ensure the IAEA’s review is comprehensive, benefits from the best international expertise and includes a diverse range of technical viewpoints.

這些獨(dú)立專家以其個(gè)人專業(yè)能力的角度為工作組提供咨詢和服務(wù)，以幫助確保IAEA的審查是全面的，受益于最佳的國(guó)際專業(yè)知識(shí)，并包括各種不同的技術(shù)觀點(diǎn)。

Since September 2021 when the IAEA Task Force held its first meeting, there have been five review missions, six technical reports, and numerous Task Force meetings. A summary of these activities and key milestones are included in Annex 1.

自2021年9月國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)特別工作組召開第一次會(huì)議以來，先后召開了5次審議任務(wù)、6次技術(shù)報(bào)告和多次特別工作組會(huì)議。這些活動(dòng)和關(guān)鍵結(jié)論的總結(jié)將在附件1中呈現(xiàn)。

Throughout this process the Task Force received information from the Government of Japan and TEPCO which helped the experts to better understand the technical and regulatory aspects of the planned discharges of ALPS treated water.

在整個(gè)過程中，工作組收到了日本政府和東電的信息，這些信息有助于專家更好地了解ALPS處理水計(jì)劃排放的技術(shù)和法規(guī)方面。（見上一篇，在福島核泄漏事件還未升級(jí)時(shí)都藏著掖著不肯給，并且東電有多年劣跡斑斑的篡改數(shù)據(jù)前科，這個(gè)“信息”到底有多少信息，大家自己品）

The technical reports of the missions include summaries of the IAEA’s review and show the progress made by TEPCO and the Government of Japan. Over the past two years, the Task Force and the Government of Japan have identified and built on the observations from these previous missions and the IAEA is now in a position to draw comprehensive conclusions about the safety of the discharge.

審議任務(wù)的技術(shù)報(bào)告包括對(duì)國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)審議情況的總結(jié)以及東京電力公司和日本政府的進(jìn)展情況。在過去的兩年中，工作組和日本政府確定并建立了這些審議任務(wù)的觀察，IAEA現(xiàn)在有能力得出關(guān)于排放安全的全面結(jié)論。

Additionally, this review is occurring concurrently with Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority’s (NRA) domestic regulatory review and approval. Therefore, the insights from the IAEA’s review were considered in the domestic process in a timely and beneficial manner.

此外，該審查與日本核管理局( NRA )的國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)審查和批準(zhǔn)同時(shí)進(jìn)行。因此，國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的審查意見在國(guó)內(nèi)進(jìn)程中得到了及時(shí)和有益的考慮。（能有啥國(guó)內(nèi)進(jìn)程，說的好像日本老百姓說的話日本政府聽似的）

This comprehensive report includes explanations and insights over a broad range of topics that are important to understanding the overall safety-related aspects of this process; this represents the “before” stage of the IAEA’s review as noted by the IAEA Director General.

這份綜合報(bào)告包含了對(duì)理解這一過程中與安全有關(guān)的總體方面非常重要的廣泛主題的解釋和見解；這代表了國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)總干事指出的國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)審議的"事前"階段。

The purpose of this comprehensive report is to present the IAEA’s final conclusions and findings of the technical review to assess whether the planned operation to discharge the ALPS treated water into the Pacific Ocean over the coming decades is consistent with relevant international safety standards.?

本報(bào)告的目的是介紹國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)( IAEA )技術(shù)審查的最終結(jié)論和發(fā)現(xiàn)，以評(píng)估未來幾十年向太平洋排放ALPS處理水的計(jì)劃操作是否符合相關(guān)的國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The reviews of individual topics included in this comprehensive report are based on hundreds of pages of technical and regulatory documentation, condensed and summarized to help make the conclusions from the IAEA’s review more accessible and understandable for the general public. A summary of relevant international safety standards is included in Annex 2.

這份綜合報(bào)告所包含的個(gè)別議題的審議以數(shù)百頁的技術(shù)和監(jiān)管文件為基礎(chǔ)，經(jīng)過凝練和總結(jié)，使國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的審議結(jié)論更容易為公眾所理解和接受。相關(guān)國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯總見附件2。

In order to fully assess whether the ALPS treated water discharge is conducted in a manner that is consistent with relevant international safety standards, the Task Force considered the Fundamental Principles for Safety, the Safety Requirements, and the supporting Safety Guides, published by the IAEA.?

為了全面評(píng)估ALPS處理水排放是否符合國(guó)際相關(guān)安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，工作組參考了國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布的《安全基本原則》、《安全要求》和配套的《安全指南》。

These standards are standards of safety for the protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property. In compliance with the IAEA’s statutory functions, these international safety standards are developed and co-sponsored in consultation with and, where appropriate, in collaboration with the competent organs of the United Nations and with specialized agencies.?

這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是為了保護(hù)健康和最大限度地減少對(duì)生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)的危險(xiǎn)而制定的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的法定職能，這些國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是在與聯(lián)合國(guó)主管機(jī)關(guān)和專門機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)商并在適當(dāng)情況下共同制定的。

They serve as a global reference for protecting people and the environment and contribute to a harmonized high level of safety worldwide.

它們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)人類和環(huán)境提供了全球參考，并有助于在全球范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)協(xié)調(diào)的高水平安全。

This report includes an assessment of the application of the fundamental safety principles, the relevant safety requirements, and supporting safety guides. It is important to note that in the application of the international safety standards, their principles and technical considerations, must be adapted to national circumstances.

本報(bào)告包括對(duì)基本安全原則、相關(guān)安全要求和配套安全指南的應(yīng)用評(píng)估。值得注意的是，在應(yīng)用國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，其原則和技術(shù)考慮，必須與本國(guó)國(guó)情相適應(yīng)。

Based on its comprehensive assessment, the IAEA has concluded that the approach to the discharge of ALPS treated water into the sea, and the associated activities by TEPCO, NRA, and the Government of Japan, are consistent with relevant international safety standards.

國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)在綜合評(píng)估的基礎(chǔ)上認(rèn)為，東京電力公司、日本環(huán)保署和日本政府的ALPS處理水入海排放方式和相關(guān)活動(dòng)符合相關(guān)國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The IAEA recognizes that the discharge of the ALPS treated water has raised societal, political and environmental concerns, associated with the radiological aspects. However, the IAEA has concluded, based on its comprehensive assessment, that the discharge of the ALPS treated water, as currently planned by TEPCO, will have a negligible radiological impact on people and the environment.?

?IAEA認(rèn)識(shí)到，ALPS處理水的排放因與放射因素有關(guān)而引起了社會(huì)、政治和環(huán)境方面的關(guān)注。然而，根據(jù)國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)( IAEA )的綜合評(píng)估，目前由東電規(guī)劃的ALPS處理水的排放對(duì)人和環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的放射性影響將是可忽略的。（這一部分后面他有大量的分析，圖表，說的是挺中肯的，其中涉及到很專業(yè)的東西，我其實(shí)看不太懂，有興趣同學(xué)可以找報(bào)告看，就在官網(wǎng)上）

Notwithstanding the above conclusions, the IAEA notes that once any discharges begin, many of the technical topics reviewed and assessed by the Task Force will need to be revisited by the IAEA at various times to assess the consistency of activities during the operation of the ALPS treated water discharges with relevant international safety standards.

盡管有上述結(jié)論，但IAEA也認(rèn)為，一旦開始排放，特別工作組審查和評(píng)估的許多技術(shù)話題將需要在不同時(shí)間被國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)重新評(píng)估，以評(píng)估ALPS處理水排放運(yùn)行期間的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否保持一致。

On May 2023, the IAEA published a report detailing the results of the first interlaboratory comparison conducted for the determination of radionuclides in samples of ALPS treated water.?These findings provide confidence in TEPCO’s capability for undertaking accurate and precise measurements related to the discharge of ALPS treated water.?

2023年5月，國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布了一份報(bào)告，詳細(xì)介紹了ALPS處理水樣品中放射性核素測(cè)定的首次實(shí)驗(yàn)室間比對(duì)結(jié)果。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)為TEPCO能夠?qū)LPS處理水的排放進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確和精確的測(cè)量提供了信心。

Furthermore, based on the observations of the IAEA, TEPCO has demonstrated that it has a sustainable and robust analytical system in place to support the ongoing technical needs at FDNPS during the discharge of ALPS treated water.

此外，根據(jù)IAEA 的觀察，東電已證明其擁有一個(gè)可持續(xù)的穩(wěn)健的分析系統(tǒng)，以支持FDNPS（復(fù)習(xí)一下，是福島第一核電廠的英文縮寫）在ALPS處理水排放過程中的持續(xù)技術(shù)需求。

The IAEA is committed to engaging with Japan on the discharge of ALPS treated water not only before, but also during, and after the treated water discharges occur. The findings above relate to activities the Task?Force performed before the water discharges start.

IAEA致力于解決日本的ALPS處理水的排放問題，不僅在處理水排放之前，也在期間和之后。上述調(diào)查結(jié)果與工作組在排水開始前開展的活動(dòng)有關(guān)。

However, the work of the IAEA and the Task Force will continue for many years. The IAEA will maintain an onsite presence at FDNPS throughout its review and will publish available data for use by the global community, including the provision of real-time and near real-time monitoring data from FDNPS.?

但是，國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)和工作組的工作仍將持續(xù)多年。國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)將在整個(gè)審查期間堅(jiān)守在福島第一核電站，并將公布可供全球社會(huì)使用的數(shù)據(jù)，包括提供來自FDNPS的實(shí)時(shí)和近實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。

Additional review and monitoring activities are envisaged that will continue and which will provide additional transparency and reassurance to the international community by continuously providing for the application of the relevant international safety standards.

我們預(yù)計(jì)將繼續(xù)開展更多的審查和監(jiān)測(cè)活動(dòng)，通過不斷規(guī)定相關(guān)國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適用，為國(guó)際社會(huì)提供更多的透明度和保證。