From cutting curfews to grid penalties – 10 rule changes you need to know about for the 2023 F1 season

從改變規(guī)則到賽事處罰——2023年F1賽季你需要了解的10項規(guī)則變化

While F1’s rules are remaining largely the same in 2023 following last year’s major reset, there are still technical and sporting changes of note for the campaign ahead, as we explain in our pre-season rundown…

盡管在去年規(guī)則的重大改變之后，F(xiàn)1的規(guī)則在2023年基本保持不變，但正如我們在季前總結(jié)中所解釋的那樣，未來的比賽仍有技術(shù)和規(guī)則方面的變化…

1. Ride height and diffusers adjusted

With some teams encountering porpoising upon the arrival of F1’s new-spec cars last year, which feature ground-effect aerodynamics, a set of floor-based flexibility and monitoring measures arrived for the second half of the 2022 season, and more have been outlined for 2023.

In short, four additional changes will come into play this year: floor edges have been raised by 15mm; the diffuser throat height has been raised; the diffuser edge stiffness has been increased; and an additional sensor has been mandated to more effectively monitor the porpoising phenomenon.

These adjustments should, in theory, make significant porpoising a thing of the past and, as such, keep the focus on?the thrilling action that F1’s rules reset has delivered.

1.調(diào)整底盤高度和擴散器

隨著去年F1新規(guī)格賽車（具有地面效應(yīng)空氣動力學(xué)特性）的到來，一些車隊遭遇了海豚跳現(xiàn)象，2022賽季下半年推出了一套基于底盤的靈活性和監(jiān)測措施，2023年還將推出更多措施。

簡言之，今年將有四項額外的變化：底盤邊緣提高了15毫米；擴散器高度提高；擴散器邊緣強度增加；并且已將額外的傳感器來更有效地監(jiān)測海豚跳現(xiàn)象。

理論上，這些調(diào)整將使嚴(yán)重的海豚跳現(xiàn)象成為過去，因此，將焦點放在F1規(guī)則變化帶來的激動人心的行動上。

2. Stronger roll hoops after Zhou’s crash

Alongside the changes aimed at porpoising, there are tweaks to the safety standards for F1 car roll hoops?after the frightening crash experienced by Zhou Guanyu?at the start of the 2022 British Grand Prix, which involved his Alfa Romeo sliding along the track upside down.

The 2023 Technical Regulations now state that a rounded top is required on the roll hoop, which will reduce the chance of it digging into the ground during an accident, while they also ensure a minimum height for the point of application of the homologation test.

Additionally, there will be a new physical homologation test where the load pushes the roll hoop in a forward direction.

3. A reduction in the minimum car weight

F1 car weight was a major talking point ahead of the 2022 season, with teams up and down the grid battling to get as close as possible to the 798kg limit (without fuel) amid one of the biggest regulatory changes in the sport’s history.

As F1’s new era develops, a reduction of 2kg – to 796kg – is being implemented for 2023, meaning the designers will be trying to shave off even more weight from their latest challengers.

2.在周冠宇的撞車后，更堅硬的防滾架

除了在海豚跳規(guī)則的改變外，在2022年英國大獎賽開始時，周冠宇遭遇了可怕的撞車事故，導(dǎo)致他的阿爾法羅密歐賽車上下顛倒地在賽道上滑行后，F(xiàn)1賽車防滾架的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也發(fā)生了調(diào)整。

2023年技術(shù)規(guī)則現(xiàn)在規(guī)定，防滾架上需要有一個圓形在頂部，這將減少在事故發(fā)生時，其損壞在地面的情形，同時也確保了認(rèn)證測試應(yīng)用點的最小高度。

此外，還將進行一項新的物理測試，在該測試中，載荷向前推動防滾架。

3.減少賽車重量

F1賽車重量是2022賽季前的一個主要話題，在這項運動歷史上最大的規(guī)則變化之一中，車隊上下都在努力盡可能接近798公斤的極限（無燃料）。

隨著F1新時代的發(fā)展，2023年將減少2公斤至796公斤，這意味著設(shè)計師們將努力減輕最新賽車的重量。

4. Revised mirrors to improve driver visibility

In an attempt to increase driver visibility, there will be a change to rear-view mirrors on F1’s 2023-spec cars, with the width of the reflective surface increasing by 50mm from 150mm to 200mm.

Following tests by Red Bull and Mercedes in Hungary and Belgium respectively last season, the entire grid got involved at the Dutch Grand Prix, and the changes have now been written into the regulations.

5. Double the number of Sprint events

An exciting development for 2023?sees the number of Sprint events doubled from three to six. Azerbaijan (Baku), Austria (Red Bull Ring), Belgium (Spa-Francorchamps), Qatar (Lusail), the United States (Circuit of The Americas) and Sao Paulo (Interlagos) are the venues chosen, following on from extensive research into their suitability.

Meanwhile, Sprint accident damage allowance will now be a fixed amount per team, for each race weekend that includes a Sprint session. The forfeit allowance amount for each Sprint will double to $300k from 2023 onwards, while all other Sprint damage allowances will be removed.

Alongside this, parc ferme rules on Sprint weekends are under review for 2023, with the aim of simplifying the set-up-locking process, after the FIA cited a “significant increase in parc ferme requests" between Friday’s qualifying session and Saturday’s Sprint.

4.改進后視鏡以提高賽車手視線度

為了提高賽車手的視線度，F(xiàn)1 2023款賽車的后視鏡將有所改變，反光面寬度從150毫米增加到200毫米，增加了50毫米。

繼上賽季紅牛車隊和梅賽德斯車隊分別在匈牙利和比利時進行測試后，整個車隊都參加了荷蘭大獎賽，這些變化現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)寫入了新規(guī)。

5.將沖刺賽的數(shù)量增加一倍

2023年的一個令人興奮的發(fā)展是，沖刺賽的數(shù)量從三場增加到六場。阿塞拜疆（巴庫）、奧地利（紅牛環(huán)）、比利時（Spa賽道）、卡塔爾（盧塞爾）、美國（美洲賽道）和圣保羅（因特拉格斯）是根據(jù)其適用性的廣泛研究而選擇的場地。

同時，沖刺賽事故損失津貼是每個車隊的固定金額，每個比賽周末包括沖刺賽。從2023年起，每個沖刺賽的損失津貼金額將增加一倍，達(dá)到30萬美元，而所有其他沖刺賽損失津貼將被取消。

除此之外，2023年有沖刺賽周末的parc-ferme規(guī)則正在審查中，目的是簡化設(shè)置復(fù)雜過程，此前國際汽聯(lián)稱周五的排位賽和周六的沖刺賽之間“parc-ferme請求增加”。

6. Paddock working hours cut

The number of hours worked by F1 team members across race weekends will be reduced in upcoming seasons, with the third of three restricted periods (effective on Fridays) beginning an hour earlier this year, and another hour set to be knocked off in 2024.

To complement the move, the number of curfews permitted for the first (Wednesday) and second (Thursday) restricted periods will also be cut in half, from eight to four and six to three respectively, again with another cut planned for next year.

7. Qualifying format and DRS trials

A ‘Revised Qualifying Format’ (RQF) will take place at up to two events in 2023 “for the purpose of evaluating whether the revisions are suitable for subsequent championships” – as per the updated regulations.

This will see tyre compounds mandated for each stage of F1’s usual three-part qualifying session: hard tyres only in Q1; mediums tyres only in Q2; and, finally, soft tyres only in Q3. Intermediates and wets will be allowed if the RQF sessions are declared wet.

At RQF events, each driver may use no more than 11 sets of dry-weather tyres, four sets of intermediate tyres and three sets of wet-weather tyres. This compares to the normal weekend allowance of 13 sets of dry-weather tyres, four sets of intermediate tyres and three sets of wet-weather tyres.

6.減少圍場工作時間

在即將到來的賽季中，F(xiàn)1車隊成員在比賽周末的工作時間將減少，三個休息時段中的第三個（周五生效）將從今年早些時候的一個小時開始，另一個小時將在2024年取消。

為了補充這一舉措，第一個（星期三）和第二個（星期四）限制期的宵禁次數(shù)也將減半，分別從八次減少到四次和六次減少到三次，計劃明年再次減少。

7.排位賽安排和DRS測驗

根據(jù)最新的規(guī)定，2023年將在最多兩個比賽中進行“修訂的排位賽模式”（RQF），“目的是評估修訂是否適用于隨后的正賽”。

這將導(dǎo)致F1常規(guī)三部分排位賽的每個階段都必須使用不同的輪胎：第一階段僅使用硬胎；僅在第二階段使用中型胎；最后，僅在第三階段使用軟胎。如果RQF宣布賽道為潮濕，則允許使用半雨胎和全雨胎。

在RQF項目中，每位車手可使用不超過11套干燥天氣輪胎、4套中性輪胎和3套潮濕天氣輪胎。相比之下，正常周末為13套干胎、4套中間胎和3套濕胎。

As for DRS, its activation after the start, race restart or Safety Car restart will also be evaluated, with the F1 Commission exploring the possibility of bringing this forward by one lap at the start of a race or Sprint or Safety Car restart.

“This will be trialled during each Sprint session in 2023 with a view to introducing it for all races in 2024,” the FIA have stated.

至于DRS，它在比賽開始、比賽重啟或安全車重啟后的激活也將進行評估，F(xiàn)1委員會將探討在比賽開始或沖刺或安全車重新啟動時將其提前一圈的可能性。

國際汽聯(lián)表示：“這將在2023年的每一場沖刺賽賽中進行試驗，以期望在2024年的所有比賽中引入?！薄?/p>

8. Tweaks around gearbox changes

While changes to teams’ homologated gearboxes were only previously permitted “to resolve reliability problems” or “for cost saving, at the start of each season”, modifications are now permitted “in the case of materials, processes or proprietary parts becoming unavailable”.

Nonetheless, clear documentation justifying the change must be provided in all cases, prior approval must be obtained from the FIA, and the modification must not give any performance advantage. A summary of the modification will then be circulated to all teams by the FIA.

8.變速箱變化

雖然之前只允許更改團隊的變速箱“以解決可靠性問題”或“為了節(jié)省成本，在每個賽季開始時”，但現(xiàn)在允許“在材料、工藝或?qū)Ｓ辛慵豢捎玫那闆r下”進行修改。

盡管如此，在任何情況下都必須提供明確的文件證明更改的合理性，必須事先獲得FIA的批準(zhǔn)，并且修改不得帶來任何性能優(yōu)勢。國際汽聯(lián)將向所有車隊分發(fā)修改摘要。

9. A move to clear up penalty confusion

Grid penalties came under the spotlight?at last year’s Italian Grand Prix, where a host of drivers took power unit and gearbox related drops and turned the order on its head. Following some confusion over how these were applied, the wording of the regulations has been updated.

The relevant section now reads: “Classified drivers who have accrued more than 15 cumulative grid position penalties, or who have been penalised to start at the back of the grid, will start behind any other classified driver. Their relative position will be determined in accordance with their qualifying classification.”

10. More flexibility to cool fuel

A small change on paper could have an impact on reliability in 2023, particularly at hotter races, with some extra freedom being given to teams regarding the cooling of fuel.

For 2023, fuel in a car must not be colder than the lowest of either 10 degrees centigrade below ambient temperature, or 10 degrees centigrade (this being cut from 20 degrees), at any time when the car is running after leaving the competitor’s designated garage area.

9.消除處罰混亂的措施

在去年的意大利大獎賽上，動力單元處罰成為了焦點，在那里，許多車手接受了與動力裝置和變速箱相關(guān)的處罰，并改變了發(fā)車順序。在對這些規(guī)定的適用方式產(chǎn)生了一些困惑之后，條例的措施已經(jīng)更新。

相關(guān)章節(jié)現(xiàn)在寫道：“累計出發(fā)超過15次的車手，或被處罰在后面的車手將落后于其他車手。他們的相對位置將根據(jù)他們的排位順序確定?！?/p>

10.更靈活地冷卻燃油

規(guī)則上的一個小改動可能會對2023年的可靠性產(chǎn)生影響，特別是在更熱的比賽中，車隊在燃料冷卻方面有一些額外的自由。

對于2023年，當(dāng)汽車在離開競爭對手指定的車庫區(qū)域后行駛時，汽車內(nèi)的燃油溫度不得低于環(huán)境溫度10攝氏度或10攝氏度（從20攝氏度降低）的最低溫度。

What else could follow in 2024?

Beyond these 10 changes made ahead of the 2023 season,?there are also plenty of initiatives in the works?– or at least being considered – for 2024 onwards…

A “significant overhaul” of roll hoop safety tests is planned from next year, again following on from Zhou’s heavy crash, with the goal of future F1 cars being able to resist more significant loads.

Discussions around grid penalties will also continue, while the F1 Commission has delayed final talks – until July 2023 – on the potential removal of tyre blankets for 2024.

Regulatory changes are subject to approval by the World Motor Sport Council.

2024年還會發(fā)生什么？

除了2023賽季前做出的這10項改變之外，2024年以后還有很多計劃正在實施中——或者至少正在考慮中…

繼周冠宇的嚴(yán)重撞車事故之后，計劃從明年開始對防滾架安全測試進行“重大修改”，目的是未來F1賽車能夠承受更大的載荷。

關(guān)于發(fā)車順序處罰的討論也將繼續(xù)，而F1委員會將最終談判推遲到2023年7月，討論2024年是否可能拆除輪轂罩。

規(guī)則變更須經(jīng)世界汽車運動理事會批準(zhǔn)。