????? ??十三屆全國人大常委會副委員長王晨5月22日上午向十三屆全國人大三次會議作關于《全國人民代表大會關于建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制的決定（草案）》（a draft decision on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to safeguard national security）的說明。

▌從國家層面建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制的必要性和重要性

????????王晨說，香港回歸以來，國家堅定貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方針。“一國兩制”實踐在香港取得了前所未有的成功。

• Since the return of Hong Kong to the motherland, China has been firmly implementing the principles of "one country, two systems," "the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong," and a high degree of autonomy, Wang said.

• The practice of "one country, two systems"?has achieved unprecedented success in Hong Kong, he said.

????????同時，香港特別行政區(qū)國家安全風險日益凸顯。很多行為和活動嚴重挑戰(zhàn)“一國兩制”原則底線，嚴重損害法治，嚴重危害國家主權、安全、發(fā)展利益。必須采取有力措施依法予以防范、制止和懲治。

• But the increasingly notable national security risks in the HKSAR have become a prominent problem, the vice chairman said, citing activities that have seriously challenged the bottom line of the "one country, two systems" principle, harmed the rule of law, and threatened national sovereignty, security and development interests.

• Law-based and forceful measures must be taken to prevent, stop and punish such activities, he noted.

????????香港基本法第23條規(guī)定：“香港特別行政區(qū)應自行立法禁止任何叛國、分裂國家、煽動叛亂、顛覆中央人民政府及竊取國家機密的行為，禁止外國的政治性組織或團體在香港特別行政區(qū)進行政治活動，禁止香港特別行政區(qū)的政治性組織或團體與外國的政治性組織或團體建立聯(lián)系。”

????????然而，香港回歸20多年來，由于反中亂港勢力和外部敵對勢力的極力阻撓、干擾，23條立法一直沒有完成。

• Article 23 of the Basic Law of the HKSAR stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the HKSAR, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the HKSAR from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies.

• More than 20 years after Hong Kong's return, however, relevant laws are yet to materialize due to the sabotage and obstruction by those trying to sow trouble in Hong Kong and China at large, as well as external hostile forces, Wang said.

????????在香港目前形勢下，必須從國家層面建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制，改變國家安全領域長期“不設防”狀況。

????????在憲法和香港基本法的軌道上推進維護國家安全制度建設，加強維護國家安全工作，確保香港“一國兩制”事業(yè)行穩(wěn)致遠。

• Considering Hong Kong's situation at present, efforts must be made at the state-level to establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, to change the long-term "defenseless" status in the field of national security, Wang said.

• This will advance the institutional building to safeguard national security on the course of China's Constitution and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, he said. This will also strengthen the work of safeguarding national security and ensure the steady and enduring growth of the cause of "one country, two systems", he added.

▌總體要求和基本原則

????????貫徹上述總體要求，必須遵循和把握好以下基本原則。

????????一是堅決維護國家安全。

Firmly safeguarding national security;

????????二是堅持和完善“一國兩制”制度體系。

Upholding and improving the "one country, two systems";

????????三是堅持依法治港。

Adhering to governing Hong Kong in accordance with the law;

????????四是堅決反對外來干涉。

Resolutely opposing external interference;

????????五是切實保障香港居民合法權益。

Substantially safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of?Hong Kong residents.

▌決定草案的主要內容

????????決定草案分為導語和正文兩部分，正文部分共有7條。

????????第一條，闡明國家堅定不移并全面準確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方針；強調采取必要措施建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制，依法防范、制止和懲治危害國家安全的行為和活動。

Article 1?states clearly that the country will unswervingly, fully and faithfully implement the principles of "one country, two systems," "the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong," and a high degree of autonomy; stresses taking necessary measures to establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, as well as prevent, stop and punish activities endangering national security in accordance with the law;

????????第二條，闡明國家堅決反對任何外國和境外勢力以任何方式干預香港特別行政區(qū)事務，采取必要措施予以反制。

Article 2?states clearly that the country resolutely opposes the interference in the HKSAR affairs by any foreign or external forces in any form and will take necessary countermeasures;

????????第三條，明確規(guī)定維護國家主權、統(tǒng)一和領土完整是香港特別行政區(qū)的憲制責任；強調香港特別行政區(qū)應當盡早完成香港基本法規(guī)定的維護國家安全立法，香港特別行政區(qū)行政機關、立法機關、司法機關應當依據有關法律規(guī)定有效防范、制止和懲治危害國家安全的行為。

Article 3?specifies that it is the HKSAR's constitutional responsibilities to safeguard national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; stresses that the HKSAR must complete the national security legislation stipulated in the Basic Law of the HKSAR at an earlier date and HKSAR's administrative, legislative and judicial organs must, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, effectively prevent, stop and punish acts endangering national security;

????????第四條，明確規(guī)定香港特別行政區(qū)應當建立健全維護國家安全的機構和執(zhí)行機制；中央人民政府維護國家安全的有關機關根據需要在香港特別行政區(qū)設立機構，依法履行維護國家安全相關職責。
Article 4?specifies that the HKSAR must establish and improve the institutions and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security; when needed, relevant national security organs of the Central People's Government will set up agencies in the HKSAR to fulfill relevant duties to safeguard national security in accordance with the law;

????????第五條，明確規(guī)定香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官應當就香港特別行政區(qū)履行維護國家安全職責、開展國家安全推廣教育、依法禁止危害國家安全的行為等情況，定期向中央人民政府提交報告。

Article 5?specifies that the HKSAR chief executive must regularly report to the Central People's Government on the HKSAR's performance of the duty to safeguard national security, carry out national security education and forbid acts of endangering national security;

????????第六條，明確全國人大常委會相關立法的憲制含義，包括三層含義：

Article 6?specifies the constitutional meanings of related legislation of the NPC Standing Committee:

????????一是授權全國人大常委會就建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制制定相關法律，全國人大常委會將據此行使授權立法職權；

(1)Entrusting the NPC Standing Committee to formulate relevant laws on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security. The NPC Standing Committee will exercise its functions and powers of legislation under authorization;

????????二是明確全國人大常委會相關法律的任務是，切實防范、制止和懲治發(fā)生在香港特別行政區(qū)內的任何分裂國家、顛覆國家政權、組織實施恐怖活動等嚴重危害國家安全的行為以及外國和境外勢力干預香港特別行政區(qū)事務的活動；

(2)Specifying that relevant legal tasks for the NPC Standing Committee are to effectively prevent, stop and punish any act occurring in the HKSAR to split the country, subvert state power, organize and carry out terrorist activities and other behaviors that seriously endanger national security, as well as activities of foreign and external forces to interfere in the affairs of the HKSAR;

????????三是明確全國人大常委會相關法律在香港特別行政區(qū)實施的方式，即全國人大常委會決定將相關法律列入香港基本法附件三，由香港特別行政區(qū)在當地公布實施。

(3)Specifying the method of implementing relevant laws of the NPC Standing Committee in the HKSAR, that is, the NPC Standing Committee makes the decision to include relevant laws into Annex III of the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and the HKSAR promulgates and implements them;

????????第七條，明確本決定的施行時間，即自公布之日起施行。

Article 7?specifies that this decision shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.

????????王晨說，本決定作出后，全國人大常委會將會同有關方面及早制定香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的相關法律，積極推動解決香港特別行政區(qū)在維護國家安全制度方面存在的突出問題，加強專門機構、執(zhí)行機制和執(zhí)法力量建設，確保相關法律在香港特別行政區(qū)有效實施。

• After the issuance of the decision, the NPC Standing Committee will work with related parties to formulate relevant laws at an earlier date for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, actively push for settling prominent problems in the national security system of the HKSAR, strengthen the building of special institutions, enforcement mechanisms and law enforcement forces, so as to ensure relevant laws' effective implementation in the HKSAR, Wang said.

林鄭月娥回港召開記者會：

全力配合立法！

????????香港特區(qū)行政長官林鄭月娥22日表示，特區(qū)政府支持全國人民代表大會審議《全國人民代表大會關于建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制的決定（草案）》。

????????林鄭月娥在當日發(fā)表的聲明中指出，香港特別行政區(qū)是中華人民共和國不可分離的部分，是直轄于中央人民政府的一個享有高度自治的地方行政區(qū)域。維護國家主權、安全和發(fā)展利益是對香港特別行政區(qū)的憲制要求，是香港特別行政區(qū)政府的職責所在，也關乎全體香港居民的切身利益。鑒于香港特別行政區(qū)面臨的國家安全局勢日趨嚴峻，而特區(qū)行政、立法機關難以在一段可見時間內自行完成維護國家安全有關的立法，特區(qū)政府支持全國人大審議從國家層面建立健全香港特區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制的決定草案。

• Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor said the special administration?region government will do its part to safeguard the national interest by "fully cooperating" with the nation's top legislature's proposal of a national security law for Hong Kong.

• "Legislation on national security is undoubtedly within the purview of the central authorities. Just as it is in any other country in the world, it is the authority of the country to legislate on its own national security," Lam said.

• "Safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests is the constitutional requirement of the HKSAR, the duty of the HKSAR government, and also in the interest of all the Hong Kong residents," she added.

????????林鄭月娥強調，特區(qū)政府留意到決定草案針對的只是那些分裂國家、顛覆國家政權、組織實施恐怖活動的行為以及外國和境外勢力干預香港特區(qū)事務的活動。這些恰恰是過去一年不少香港政商界和廣大市民極度擔憂的情況，亦令大家對國家安全的重要性有更深切體會，并要求特區(qū)政府積極應對。

????????林鄭月娥指出，2019年6月至今的修例風波所涉及的暴力不斷升級，更出現(xiàn)多宗爆炸品及槍械案件，構成恐怖主義活動的風險，嚴重危及公共安全。這期間，鼓吹“港獨”“民主自決”的組織煽動示威人士，特別是青年人，公然侮辱和焚燒國旗、污損國徽、沖擊中央駐港機構，并策劃動員所謂“國際支持”，干預香港事務，詆毀“一國兩制”在香港的實踐和公然挑戰(zhàn)中央政府和特區(qū)政府的權威。另一方面，部分政團人士亦多次揚言要癱瘓?zhí)貐^(qū)政府，還有部分人士乞求外國干預香港事務，甚至對香港實施制裁。這些行為已嚴重觸碰“一國”原則的底線，破壞中央和特區(qū)的關系，危害國家主權安全及挑戰(zhàn)中央權力和基本法權威。

• "This kind of behavior has crossed the baseline of 'one country', sabotaging the relationship between the Central People's Government and the HKSAR, threatening China's sovereignty and national security and challenging the authority of the central authorities and the Basic Law," Lam added.

????????林鄭月娥認為，全國人大審議作出決定草案的根本目的是為了維護國家安全、維護香港繁榮穩(wěn)定，從而更好地保障香港廣大市民的合法權益和自由。深信全國人大常委會稍后制定的全國性法律，旨在切實有效防范和遏止嚴重危害國家安全的行為和活動，并懲治嚴重危害國家安全的“港獨”分子和暴力分子。決定草案和有關全國性法律的制定將建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制，不會影響香港居民依法享有的各項權利和自由，也不會影響香港司法機關行使獨立的司法權和終審權。

• She affirmed the legislation will not affect the legitimate rights and freedoms enjoyed by Hong Kong residents under the law or the independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, exercised by the judiciary in Hong Kong.

• It only targets acts of secession, subverting state power and organizing and carrying out terrorist activities, as well as activities interfering with the HKSAR's internal affairs by foreign or external forces, she stressed.

????????林鄭月娥表示，決定草案通過后，香港特區(qū)政府將全力配合全國人大常委會盡快完成有關立法，履行維護國家安全的職責，確保香港在“一國兩制”下的長期繁榮穩(wěn)定。

來源：中國日報雙語新聞

編輯：馬文英 陳月華

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