人工智能領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士因擔(dān)心該行業(yè)的發(fā)展對人類構(gòu)成的潛在威脅而呼吁暫停對強(qiáng)大人工智能系統(tǒng)的培訓(xùn)。他們對該行業(yè)前景的擔(dān)憂是真實必要的嗎？我們是否應(yīng)更感謝人工智能技術(shù)給人類提供的幫助？本期節(jié)目討論該技術(shù)的發(fā)展是否會帶來潛在的風(fēng)險。

詞匯：technology?科技

There is no doubt that?artificial intelligence?– or AI – has become an important part of our lives. It is no longer just a thing of?science fiction: it's an incredible technological?breakthrough?that has changed the way we live. But there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to?humanity.

毫無疑問，人工智能(AI)已經(jīng)成為我們生活中重要的一部分。它不再只是科幻小說里的東西:它是一項改變了我們生活方式的令人難以置信的技術(shù)突破。但也有人擔(dān)心人工智能已經(jīng)變得過于智能，可能會對人類構(gòu)成威脅。

This claim might sound extreme, but a letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts, including Tesla boss Elon Musk, called on the world to?press pause?on the development of more?advanced?AI because of the risks. Estonian billionaire Jaan Tallinn, for example, who helped develop?communication app?Skype, thinks we should be cautious. And The Future of Life Institute, a not-for-profit organisation, says that there should be a temporary pause in advanced AI development, saying that "AI systems with?human-competitive?intelligence can pose?profound?risks to society and humanity."

這種說法可能聽起來很極端，但包括特斯拉老板埃隆·馬斯克在內(nèi)的1000多名技術(shù)專家簽署了一封信，呼吁世界暫停開發(fā)更先進(jìn)的人工智能，因為存在風(fēng)險。例如，幫助開發(fā)通訊應(yīng)用Skype的愛沙尼亞億萬富翁揚·塔林(Jaan Tallinn)認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎。非營利組織未來生命研究所(Future of Life Institute)表示，高級人工智能的發(fā)展應(yīng)該暫時暫停，稱“具有人類競爭智能的人工智能系統(tǒng)可能給社會和人類帶來深刻風(fēng)險?！?/p>

This pessimistic outlook is supported by a report by investment bank Goldman Sachs that says AI could?replace?the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs. But it may also mean new jobs and a?productivity?boom. We may argue that AI such as?chatbots?can help us.?State-of-the-art?ChatGPT, for example, has been helping some students write assignments. AI is allowing computers to think or act in a more human way. And?machine learning?means computers can learn what to do without being given explicit instructions. The technology is?impressive, but as it starts to think for itself, will it?outsmart?us?

高盛投資銀行的一份報告支持了這種悲觀的前景，報告稱人工智能可能取代相當(dāng)于3億個全職工作。但這也可能意味著新的就業(yè)機(jī)會和生產(chǎn)力的繁榮。我們可能會說，聊天機(jī)器人等人工智能可以幫助我們。例如，最先進(jìn)的ChatGPT一直在幫助一些學(xué)生寫作業(yè)。人工智能允許計算機(jī)以更人性化的方式思考或行動。機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)意味著計算機(jī)可以在沒有明確指令的情況下學(xué)習(xí)做什么。這項技術(shù)令人印象深刻，但當(dāng)它開始獨立思考時，它會比我們聰明嗎?

Some people are more optimistic. AI?advocates?say the tech is already delivering real social and economic benefits for people. Meanwhile, the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has called on governments to work with industry to "limit the risks" of AI. But he says the technology could save lives, particularly in poorer countries. He says, "Just as the world needs its?brightest?people focused on its biggest problems, we will need to focus the world's best AIs on its biggest problems." If this happens, maybe humanity will have a future.

有些人比較樂觀。人工智能倡導(dǎo)者表示，該技術(shù)已經(jīng)為人們帶來了真正的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。與此同時，微軟(Microsoft)創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨(Bill Gates)呼吁各國政府與業(yè)界合作，以“限制”人工智能的“風(fēng)險”。但他表示，這項技術(shù)可以拯救生命，特別是在較貧窮的國家。他說:“就像世界需要最聰明的人專注于最大的問題一樣，我們也需要讓世界上最好的人工智能專注于最大的問題?！比绻@發(fā)生了，也許人類會有未來。

詞匯表

artificial intelligence 人工智能，簡稱 “AI”
science fiction 科幻小說、電影等作品
breakthrough 重大進(jìn)展，突破
humanity 人類
press pause 按下暫停鍵，叫停
advanced 先進(jìn)的
communication app 通訊應(yīng)用程序
human-competitive 擁有與人類競爭能力的
profound 重大的，深刻的
replace 取代，代替
productivity 生產(chǎn)率
chatbot 聊天機(jī)器人
state-of-the-art 最先進(jìn)的，應(yīng)用最新技術(shù)的
machine learning 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)
impressive 給人留下深刻印象的
outsmart 在智力上勝過，比…更聰明
advocate 支持者，提倡者
brightest 最聰明的

測驗與練習(xí)

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. What have over a 1,000 technology experts demanded in a letter they signed?

2. Who said the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs would be replaced by AI?

3. What AI technology has been helping some students to write their assignments?

4. True or false??AI advocates say that AI will outsmart us.

5. Who has Bill Gates asked to work together to "limit the risk" of AI development?

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. Our funding has run out, so we need to _______ on the project.

pause press? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? press pause? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?press paused? ? ? ? ? ? pausing press

2. The online _______ dealt with my query when the bank was shut.

advocate? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?science fiction? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? chatbot? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? humanity

3. I bought a _______ smartphone but it's too complicated for me to use!

state-in-the-art? ? ? ? ? ? state-at-the-art? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?art-in-the-state? ? ? ? ? state-of-the-art

4. He was the _______ boy in the school and always got top grades in his exams.

brightest? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? outsmart? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? impressive? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?profound

5. The airline claims to be using one of the most _______ aircraft which emits less greenhouse gas than older aircrafts.

profound? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? breakthrough???????????????? advanced? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? productivity

答案

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。?

1. What have over a 1,000 technology experts demanded in a letter they signed?

A letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts have called on the world?to press pause on the development of more advanced AI because of the risks.

2. Who said the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs would be replaced by AI?

A report by investment bank Goldman Sachs said AI could replace the?equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs.

3. What AI technology has been helping some students to write their assignments?

ChatGPT has been helping some students write assignments.

4. True or false??Advocates of AI say that AI will outsmart us.

False.?AI advocates say the tech is already delivering real social and economic?benefits for people.

5. Who has Bill Gates asked to work together to "limit the risk" of AI development?

Bill Gates has asked?governments to work with industry to "limit the risks" of?AI.

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. Our funding has run out, so we need to?press pause?on the project.

2. The online?chatbot?dealt with my query when the bank was shut.

3. I bought a?state-of-the-art?smartphone but it's too complicated for me to use!

4. He was the?brightest?boy in the school and always got top grades in his exams.

5. The airline claims to be using one of the most?advanced?aircraft which emits less greenhouse gas than older aircrafts.

文章來源BBC，侵權(quán)刪，本文僅用于英語學(xué)習(xí)。