verb types

動詞種類

Transitive verbs

及物動詞

Transitive verbs may take a direct object.

及物動詞后面要加直接賓語

For example:

Mi trinkas sukon. = I drink juice.

我在喝果汁 

?i legas libron. = She reads a book.

她在看書

Sometimes, although the verb is transitive, the direct object is not expressed

有些時候，盡管動詞是及物動詞，后面卻可以不要直接賓語。

so we may say Mi trinkas or ?i legas, without naming the thing that the person is drinking or reading.

所以我們能夠說Mi trinkas或者 ?i legas。沒有把人喝的東西或者看的東西說出來

Intransitive verbs

不及物動詞

Intransitive verbs never take a direct object.

不及物動詞后面不用跟直接賓語

For example:

Mi sidas. = I am sitting. 

我坐

La knabino kuras. = The girl is running.

那個女孩在跑

Differences between Esperanto and English

世界語和英語的不同點

Please note that the rules concerning verbs and objects are stricter in Esperanto than in English.

世界語中關(guān)于動詞和賓語的規(guī)則比英語的要嚴(yán)格

In English, we know a lot of verbs that can be used both with and without a direct object.

在英語中，我們知道大多數(shù)動詞后面能夠跟或者不跟直接賓語

In English we can say "He closes the door" and "The door closes", using the same verb, although the meaning is different.

在英語中我們能夠說“he close the door”和“the door closes”，盡管意思不一樣，但是用的是同一個動詞

In the first example, someone performs the action of closing the door, while in the second, the door becomes closed.

在下第一個例子中，某個人實施了關(guān)門這一動作，而在第二個例子中，門是被關(guān)閉的

 In Esperanto, there are two words for this:

在世界語里面，上面兩句翻譯成一下句子：

Li fermas la pordon. = He closes the door. 
La pordo fermi?as = The door closes.

In the same way, Esperanto distinguishes between komenci (to start to do something) and komenci?i (to start happening):

同樣的，世界語將komenci （start to do something開始做某事）和komenci?i（to start happening開始發(fā)生）區(qū)分開了

La instruisto komencas la lecionon =The teacher starts the lesson.

老師開始上課

 La leciono komenci?as. = The lesson is starting.

課堂開始了

To use grammatical terms, fermi and komenci are transitive (take a direct object), while fermi?i and komenci?i are intransitive (cannot take a direct object).

用語法術(shù)語來說,Fermi 和komenci是及物的（后面跟直接賓語）而fermi?i 和komenci?i是不及物（后面不跟直接賓語） 

atendi

Atendi can mean "to wait," "to wait for" or "to expect." For example:

Atendi的意思是“to wait（等待）”“to wait for(等待某人)”和“to expect期待”

Mi atendas. = I wait.  

我在等待

Mi atendas buson. = I wait for a bus.

我在等巴士

Mi atendas profiton. = I am expecting a profit.

我在等待收益

Note: Kion vi atendas? can mean either "What are you expecting?" or "What are you waiting for?" depending on the context.

Kion vi atendas? 意思既有"What are you expecting?你在期待什么"也有 "What are you waiting for?你在等待著啥"，具體意思要結(jié)合語境。

tiel... kiel

The combination tiel...kiel means as...as:

詞組tiel... kiel意思是as...as像……一樣，同……一樣

?u vi kantas tiel bone kiel ?i? 
Do you sing as well as she (does)?

你能唱的和她一樣好嗎？

?i estas tiel bela, kiel mia fratino.
She is as pretty as my sister.

她和我姐姐一樣漂亮

Note: Kion vi atendas? can mean either"What are you expecting?" or "What are you waiting for?"depending on the context.

Kionvi atendas? 意思既有"What are you expecting? 你在期待什么"也有 "What are you waiting for? 你在等待著啥"，具體意思要結(jié)合語境。

原文：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs-Present

翻譯:vanilo