拉開(kāi)差距的典范之作(1) ——淺析2023年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)試題乙卷
拉開(kāi)差距的典范之作
——淺析2023年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)試題乙卷
昨天,有朋友打電話,說(shuō)孩子數(shù)學(xué)最后兩道大題沒(méi)有做,心情不好。我問(wèn)他孩子今年的目標(biāo)是什么,他說(shuō)能上一本線就行。于是我告訴他,這就對(duì)了,后兩道題是給考北大清華學(xué)生出的,不是咱的菜,開(kāi)心點(diǎn)!
2023年高考帷幕已落下,但硝煙未散去。雖然答案未公布,成績(jī)未出爐,但在朦朧焦慮中,高考改革的目標(biāo)卻清晰異常:選拔真正的人才。醒醒吧,高考就是高考,拋棄幻想,腳踏實(shí)地,思想端正,你才有踏入好大學(xué)的可能!
下面就今年的英語(yǔ)試題說(shuō)幾句。
2021年試題詞匯量過(guò)大,特別是合成詞以及所謂“熟詞生義”單詞出現(xiàn)頻率太高,幾乎每篇都有長(zhǎng)難句,要拿到高分,普遍較難,沒(méi)有區(qū)分度。2022年試題詞匯量偏小,稍有基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)生基本都可以拿到100分以上,也沒(méi)有區(qū)分度。而今年的試題讓人耳目一新:價(jià)值引領(lǐng)方向明確、傳統(tǒng)文化宣傳到位、選取題材貼近生活、語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格流暢地道、古今中外融合交匯、試題難度層次清楚,是一套拉開(kāi)學(xué)生差距,選拔優(yōu)秀人才的典范之作,是近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)試題中最優(yōu)秀的一套,沒(méi)有之一!只有基礎(chǔ)好有能力的學(xué)生才可以拿到高分,基礎(chǔ)差的學(xué)生幾乎有50分的試題看都看不懂,這就不是你的菜!
下面,我們具體看看每道題(聽(tīng)力除外)。
一.閱讀理解A篇
本篇屬于人物小傳記,選取了近代三位國(guó)外女醫(yī)生和一名中國(guó)明朝著名女中醫(yī)談允賢。旨在表達(dá)尊重女性,突出女性貢獻(xiàn),宣傳中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。文章提到談允賢的著作《女醫(yī)雜言》。以往的A篇就是送分,本次A篇明顯在考察學(xué)生的單詞量。
1.????? 單詞短語(yǔ)釋義: practitioner (執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)生);to practice medicine(行醫(yī));physician (內(nèi)科醫(yī)生); surgery(外科手術(shù));surgeon (外科醫(yī)生)等。如果不太熟悉這些單詞,第一道題只有瞎蒙。
2.????? 長(zhǎng)難句解析:
(1)??? In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. 1322年,她因非法行醫(yī)而受審。try,審理、審判、審訊。一般用法為 to try sb for sth. 某人因某事而受審。
(2)??? Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. 1859年Barry退休,但在她整個(gè)的行醫(yī)生涯和生活中都是女扮男裝。本句考察了V-ing形式的完成式。
(3)??? Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (學(xué)徒期) with doctors. 當(dāng)時(shí),中國(guó)女性不能拜師學(xué)藝。本句理解難點(diǎn)在serve, 此處意思為擔(dān)任。。。職務(wù),做。。。的工作。雖然試題將apprenticeship解釋為學(xué)徒期,但我更側(cè)重解釋為學(xué)徒身份。直譯謂:當(dāng)時(shí),中國(guó)女性不能擔(dān)任醫(yī)生徒弟(這個(gè)職務(wù))。
二.閱讀理解B篇
本篇屬于敘事散文類,講述了一位攝影師風(fēng)景平平的玉米州(corn state)——愛(ài)荷華州(Iowa),發(fā)現(xiàn)美,追求美的一段攝影旅程。文章傳遞的思想:生活處處有美景,只要你有一顆發(fā)現(xiàn)美的眼睛;機(jī)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝,要善于抓住機(jī)會(huì);攝影是一種缺憾美,生活更是如此。本篇難度較小,老少皆宜,屬于送分題。
1.????? 單詞短語(yǔ)釋義:to specialize in 擅長(zhǎng);geographical variation:地形多樣性;shot =photo 照片;to end up 出現(xiàn)出乎意料的結(jié)果,后可跟形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、V-ing等。
2.????? 長(zhǎng)難句解析:
(1)??? We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. 由于日落前還有一段時(shí)間,我們就離開(kāi)了這個(gè)點(diǎn),想爬得更高。
(2)??? Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 如果我們當(dāng)時(shí)精心準(zhǔn)備,精準(zhǔn)把控時(shí)間的話,這些照片可以拍得更好。但是,現(xiàn)在回頭看時(shí),它們?nèi)匀皇亲詈玫?。本句考察了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
3.????? 翻譯欣賞:Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.在合適的時(shí)間到達(dá)合適地點(diǎn),對(duì)任何攝影作品的風(fēng)格有決定性的作用。我經(jīng)常很早就出發(fā)去尋找合適的拍攝點(diǎn),這樣我就有時(shí)間調(diào)適設(shè)備,以免錯(cuò)過(guò)我想拍攝的那一刻。我已經(jīng)錯(cuò)過(guò)了很多美麗的日落日出,就是因?yàn)槲以谧罴褧r(shí)刻前五分鐘才到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。set up,調(diào)適設(shè)備。
三.閱讀理解C篇
本篇屬于介紹英國(guó)飲食文化的報(bào)道類文章。文化是人類的共同財(cái)富,沒(méi)有國(guó)界,了解別人是為了更好的了解自己。文章主題:沒(méi)有一成不變的東西,文化需要傳承,也要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新,要善于接受新事物。本篇難詞較少,難度更小,絕對(duì)的送分題。
1.??????? 單詞短語(yǔ)釋義:to stick to 堅(jiān)持;cookery shows and documentaries about food 美食節(jié)目和紀(jì)錄片。
2.??????? 長(zhǎng)難句解析:
(1)??? It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. 英國(guó)人之所以拋棄以前的“一塊肉兩片菜”和“速食”的烹飪習(xí)慣,而在變得更加大膽,不是由于廣告宣傳,而多虧了電視節(jié)目里的廚師(的精彩表演)。本句考察了選擇性強(qiáng)調(diào)句:It is A rather than B that…就是因?yàn)?/span>A而不是B。。。它還有其他的變形,如:It is A not B that…, It is not A but B that…等等。
(2)??? With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 由于美食節(jié)目里的男廚師不斷增多,喜歡烹飪的男孩子也不再“傻逼”了。本句考察了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
四.閱讀理解D篇
??? 本篇是帶有學(xué)術(shù)氣息的科普性文章。文章主旨:看待問(wèn)題一定要有辨證的思想。雖然“文以載道”,但有時(shí)還需“言不盡意,立象以盡意”。雖然本文為一篇外文,但它也反映出了中國(guó)人的認(rèn)知觀。本文難度超大,人名、地名、專有名詞、生詞(雖然有標(biāo)注)、派生詞、合成詞較多,一般學(xué)生根本看不懂,屬于拉開(kāi)差距型題目。
1.??????? 單詞短語(yǔ)釋義:privilege,給予。。。特權(quán);ideally, 理想地;aboriginals,土著居民;reconstruct,重現(xiàn);interpret,解釋;miscomprehension,誤解;accidentally,偶爾地,意外地;deliberately,有意地;twisted,扭曲的,歪曲的。
2.??????? 通篇翻譯:
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
如果你想講述完整的世界歷史,而不偏向于某個(gè)特權(quán)群體,你不能只通過(guò)文字,因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸恍┑貐^(qū)有文字,而大多數(shù)地區(qū)在大多數(shù)時(shí)候都沒(méi)有文字。文字創(chuàng)作是人類后期的成就之一,直到最近,即使許多社會(huì)群體有文字,他們?cè)谟涗浭录r(shí)除了用文字,也用實(shí)物。
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
最理想情況是,歷史要將文字和實(shí)物相結(jié)合,本書(shū)的一些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點(diǎn),但在許多情況下,我們根本做不到。有文字和無(wú)文字歷史之間最明顯的例子可能是庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)的航行與澳大利亞原住民之間在博特尼灣發(fā)生的第一次沖突。從英國(guó)方面來(lái)看,我們有關(guān)于那可怕的一天的科學(xué)報(bào)告和庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)的記錄。而從澳大利亞方面來(lái)看,我們只看到一名男子在第一次平生第一次聽(tīng)到槍聲后倉(cāng)皇逃跑時(shí)丟下的一塊木制盾牌。如果我們想重現(xiàn)當(dāng)天的實(shí)際情況,就必須像寫(xiě)書(shū)面報(bào)告一樣,對(duì)盾牌進(jìn)行深入而嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)疑和解釋。
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (聯(lián)系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
除了雙方的誤解問(wèn)題外,還有對(duì)于勝利的經(jīng)意或不經(jīng)意的扭曲,尤其是只有勝利者知道如何用文字表達(dá),而失敗者人往往只有用實(shí)物來(lái)講述自己的故事。出現(xiàn)在這本書(shū)中的加勒比泰諾人、澳大利亞原住民、貝寧的非洲人民和印加人,他們現(xiàn)在可以通過(guò)他們制作的實(shí)物來(lái)有力地向我們講述他們過(guò)去的成就:用實(shí)物講述的歷史,給了他們發(fā)聲的機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng)我們考慮有文字群體和這些無(wú)文字群體之間的關(guān)系時(shí),由于只有對(duì)話的一方,我們所有的第一手資料必然是歪曲的。如果我們要找到對(duì)話的另一半,我們不僅要閱讀文子,還要閱讀實(shí)物。
(未完待續(xù))