B787-FMC教程（適用于一切波音機(jī)型）下
三.(解決)不連續(xù)性
Discontinuities
在輸入起飛與降落機(jī)場(chǎng)之后，飛控系統(tǒng)還不知道如何把它們連接起來(lái)。我們可以輸入航點(diǎn)，或者直接將起飛階段的終點(diǎn)與降落階段起點(diǎn)連接起來(lái)。
After inserting a departure and arrival the flight management system does not yet know how to connect them. We can now insert new waypoints or just connect the end of the departure to the beginning of the arrival directly.
1.按下“LEGS”，可以看見(jiàn)航點(diǎn)的列表。
Press the LEGS page to display the list of waypoints
2.瀏覽航段頁(yè)面，注意翻頁(yè)。
Step through the legs page either by using the STEP button in the lower right or using the NEXT PAGE and PREV PAGE buttons
3.當(dāng)你看到白色的格子，其上方有NEXT或DISCONTINUITY字樣時(shí)，你應(yīng)該意識(shí)到現(xiàn)在的航路并不是連續(xù)的。這時(shí)，選擇下一個(gè)航點(diǎn)列表中的下一個(gè)航點(diǎn)，并將其插入空格一欄中。這成功解決了不連續(xù)性。
If you see an empty field with white boxes with the “NEXT” and or “DISCONTINUITY” then you have found a discontinuity in the route which should be closed so that the autopilot can follow the route properly
Go to the next waypoint in the list and select it with the line select key on the left side next to it. This copies the waypoint name into the scratchpad
Insert that waypoint name into the NEXT field to close the gap. This removes the discontinuity.
四 性能初始化
Performance Initialization
接下來(lái)我們需要告訴飛行管理系統(tǒng)一些參數(shù)，這樣它才可以開始計(jì)算經(jīng)過(guò)每個(gè)航點(diǎn)時(shí)的速度、高度、時(shí)間等信息。
Next we need to tell the FMS some parameters of the aircraft so that it can start computing the estimated speeds, altitudes, time and fuel burn for each waypoint correctly.
按下INIT REF按鍵。如果PERF INIT頁(yè)面沒(méi)有顯示，按下左下角的INDEX并選擇列表中的PERF INIT
Push the INIT REF button. If the PERF INIT page is not already displayed then select INDEX in the lower left and select PERF INIT from the list
輸入總重量（GR WT）以及零油重量。
Insert the gross weight (GR WT) or zero fuel weight (ZFW).
輸入儲(chǔ)備燃油質(zhì)量以及COST INDEX?？破眨篊I（成本指數(shù)）=單位時(shí)間成本（TIME COST）/單位油耗成本（FUEL COST）。成本指數(shù)是讓飛機(jī)管理速度，B737機(jī)型有效輸入是 0 到 500。
Insert the reserve fuel mass (RESERVES) and COST INDEX
輸入計(jì)劃的巡航高度。
Insert your planned cruise altitude (CRZ ALT), we’re using 38000ft in our example
輸入巡航重心。（希望評(píng)論區(qū)有人能科普一下巡航中心的算法，或者相關(guān)機(jī)型的巡航重心）
Insert the cruise center of gravity (CRZ CG)
按下亮起的EXEC按鈕。
The EXEC button should now illuminate, press it to execute these changes
五?推力限制
Thrust Limit
在PERF INIT或者INDEX頁(yè)面可以找到THRUST LIM。點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，在跑道長(zhǎng)度允許的前提下可以選擇減小推力。
From the PERF INIT page select the THRUST LIM button in the lower right corner, or go to the INDEX and select THRUST LIM from there. On this page we have the option to select a reduced takeoff thrust. If runway length permits we can use less than maximum available takeoff thrust to reduce engine wear and noise during takeoff.
可以輸入氣溫預(yù)估值以減小推力限制
Insert an assumed temperature to reduce the takeoff thrust limit or
也可以直接選擇左側(cè)的TO、TO1、TO2
Select TO, TO 1 or TO 2 on the left side to select that rating for takeoff
在右側(cè)，選擇爬升時(shí)推力（CLB、CLB1和CLB2），從先到后，選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的爬升時(shí)推力逐漸減小，上升率也會(huì)相應(yīng)減小。
On the right hand side you arm a climb thrust rating (CLB, CLB 1 or CLB 2) which will activate after the takeoff thrust acceleration height is passed.
六 巡航頻道
Navigation Radio Tuning
我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了必需的飛行前FMC設(shè)置了。
We’ve not completed the necessary FMC preflight steps. Now we can optionally tune some VORs or ILS frequency for additional guidance during departure.
注意：如果插入手動(dòng)頻率，則會(huì)禁止飛行管理系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)調(diào)諧功能。因此，在起飛后，如果不再需要手動(dòng)選擇的導(dǎo)航輔助設(shè)備，則應(yīng)將其移除，以允許自動(dòng)調(diào)諧恢復(fù)正常操作。
Note?- If you are inserting manual frequencies it prohibits the FMS auto-tuning functionality. So after the departure, if you no longer need your manually selected NAV-aids, you should remove them to allow the auto-tuning to resume normal operation.
按下NAV RAD按鍵，將巡航頻率在NAV RADIO頁(yè)面輸入。左下角/右下角的PRESELECT空格是你儲(chǔ)存待會(huì)兒要輸入的頻率的地方。
Press the NAV RAD button to display the NAV RADIO page
You can save a frequency for later by typing it into the scratchpad and selecting the PRESELCT left or right fields.
七 VNAV（垂直導(dǎo)航）
Vertical Navigation
飛行過(guò)程中，可以通過(guò)VNAV頁(yè)改變既定的巡航高度。按下VNAV進(jìn)入該頁(yè)面，輸入新的巡航高度并插入CRZ ALT一欄中。
還可以在這一頁(yè)面改變速度限制。如，輸入“250/10000”從而允許飛機(jī)在一萬(wàn)英尺以下以低于250節(jié)的速度飛行。
你還可以刪除速度限制：按下DELETE，再選擇SPD RESTR，這樣可以刪除一切已有的速度限制。
你還可以編輯過(guò)渡高度以及過(guò)渡空層。（up理解的是平流層和對(duì)流層之間的過(guò)渡層。）
Press the VNAV button to access the VNAV pages.
Use NEXT and PREV PAGE buttons to step through the VNAV pages
Type in a new cruise altitude, e.g. 40000 to set FL400 and insert it into the CRZ ALT field
You can modify the speed restriction, e.g. type 250/10000 to allow the aircraft to fly 250kt below 10000ft
Or you can delete the speed restriction: press the DEL key to insert a DELETE command into the scratchpad, then select the SPD RESTR field to remove the speed restriction all together
You can also change the transition altitude and transition level (TRANS ALT or LVL)
八 航點(diǎn)方位信息
Waypoint Fix Info
我們可以通過(guò)飛行管理計(jì)算機(jī)在導(dǎo)航顯示屏上繪制引導(dǎo)線。這些可以幫助我們判斷導(dǎo)航定位的距離或入場(chǎng)半徑。我們現(xiàn)在為出發(fā)跑道增加了延長(zhǎng)的中心線和一個(gè)10NM的距離環(huán)。
Using the CDU we can draw guidance lines onto the navigation display. These help us judge distances or inbound radials towards navigation fixes. We’re now adding the extended centerline for our departure runway and a 10NM range ring. You can also add multiple fixes using the next pages.
按下FIX，打開FIX（方位）頁(yè)面。
在左上角FIX一欄內(nèi)輸入航點(diǎn)/甚高頻全向信標(biāo)（VOR）/無(wú)指向性無(wú)線電信標(biāo)（NDB）/機(jī)場(chǎng)/機(jī)場(chǎng)+跑道的名稱（如EDDF25C）
Open the FIX page by pressing the button labeled FIX
Type in the identifier of a waypoint, VOR, NDB, airport or runway (e.g. EDDF25C)
Insert it into the FIX field on the top left
你可以添加一個(gè)或多個(gè)航向和距離。BRG/DIS的含義是朝著XXX航向飛行XXX距離。
可以只添加航向或者只添加距離：
只添加航向，輸入航向（如“250”）
只添加距離：輸入/距離（如“/10”）
同時(shí)輸入航向及距離：航向/距離（如“250/10”）
You can add a bearing and distance or just one of them:
Type in the bearing on its own and insert it (e.g. “250”)
Type in the bearing slash distance for both (e.g. “250/10”) or
Type in slash + distance (e.g. “/15”)
這時(shí)在導(dǎo)航顯示器上，可以看見(jiàn)綠色的輔助線和圓。如果要移除這些信息：
找到有著你想刪除的信息的那一頁(yè)，按下“DELETE”，再按下相應(yīng)的“FIX”那一欄。
On the navigation display you can now see green helper lines or circles. To remove the fix info later:
Go to the FIX page and scroll to the page that has the FIX that you want to delete
Press the DELETE button to enter DELETE into the scratchpad
Click the FIX field to delete it
九 進(jìn)近參考
Approach Reference
要設(shè)置立即返航，或在下降準(zhǔn)備期間，您應(yīng)該輸入著陸的計(jì)劃總重，然后可以計(jì)算進(jìn)近參考速度。
To be set for an immediate return or during the descent preparations you should enter your planned gross weight for landing and can then compute the approach reference speeds.
如果需要一個(gè)不同的進(jìn)近重量值，那么你要重新輸入一個(gè)GROSS WT.
選擇進(jìn)近構(gòu)型，即襟翼/速度（FLAP/SPEED）。FLAP/SPEED上方有現(xiàn)成的數(shù)據(jù)供選擇。
你也可以手動(dòng)輸入一個(gè)有效的“襟翼/速度”。
Overwrite the GROSS WT value if you are expecting a different weight value for the approach
You can copy one of the suggested flap speeds into the scratchpad by pressing the button on the right side next to it.
The flap and speed pair can then be inserted into the FLAP SPEED field on the right so set the approach V-REF speed. You can also manually type in a valid flap setting and speed in knots, e.g. 30/150 and insert it into the field.
