第一段

heraldry

the?study?of?coats?of?arms?and the?history?of the?families?that they?belong?to?紋章學(xué)

contemporary

someone?living?during the same?period?as someone?else?同時代的人

Was he a contemporary of Shakespeare's?

他和莎士比亞是同時代的人嗎？

prowess

great?ability?or?skill?杰出的才能；高超的技能

athletic/sporting?prowess?高超的運(yùn)動／體育技能

sinew

a?tendon?(=?strong?piece?of?tissue?in the?body?connecting?a?muscle?to a?bone)?腱，筋肉

dexterous

having the?ability?to?think?quickly?and?effectively?or to do something?difficult?extremely?well?機(jī)敏的，靈巧的

She was?lively?and dexterous?intellectually.

她既活潑又頭腦靈活。

malice

the?wish?to?harm?or?upset?other?people?惡意，害人之心

There?certainly?wasn't any malice in her?comments.

她的話絕對沒有任何惡意。

temperament

the?part?of?your?character?that?affects?your?moods?and the way you?behave?氣質(zhì)；性情；性格a?fiery?temperament?暴躁的性情

toned

(of a?body)?firm?and?strong?（身體）結(jié)實(shí)強(qiáng)壯的

第二段

impetuous

likely?to do something?suddenly, without?considering?the?results?of?your?actions?沖動的，魯莽的He's so impetuous - why can't he?think?things over before he?rushes?into them?

他太沖動了——為什么他急著做事前不能仔細(xì)考慮一下呢？

treacherous

If the?ground?or?sea?is treacherous, it is?extremely?dangerous,?especially?because of?bad?weather?conditions.?（地面或大海尤因氣候惡劣）極端危險(xiǎn)的，兇險(xiǎn)的

Snow and?ice?have?left?many?roads?treacherous, and?drivers?are?warned?to use?caution.

冰雪使許多道路危機(jī)四伏，汽車司機(jī)被告誡要小心駕駛。

open-handed

generous?慷慨的；大方的

open-handed?assistance?慷慨的援助

munificent

very?generous?with?money?慷慨的，大方的

A?former?student?has?donated?a munificent?sum?of?money?to the?college.

一位校友為這所大學(xué)捐贈了一大筆錢。

profusion

an?extremely?large?amount?of something?豐富，充沛，大量

I was?remarking?on the?recent?profusion of?books?and?articles?on the?matter.

我正在談?wù)撟罱罅坑嘘P(guān)這次事件的書和文章。

circumspect

careful?not to take?risks?小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的；審慎的

Officials were circumspect?about?saying what the?talks?had?achieved.

官員們對談判所取得的成果持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。

ineptitude

the?fact?of not being?skilled?or?effective?無能；笨拙；無效

political/social/economic?ineptitude?政治/社會/經(jīng)濟(jì)無能

tenable

(of an opinion or position) able to be defended successfully or held for a particular period of time?（觀點(diǎn)）站得住腳的；（職位）可保持一段時間的

His?theory?is no?longer?tenable in the?light?of the?recent?discoveries.

根據(jù)最新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，他的理論已經(jīng)站不住腳了。

第三段

vassal?(also?vassal state)

a country that is controlled by a more powerful country, and has to provide military support or pay money to it when needed 附庸國

paramount

more?important?than anything?else?至上的，首要的

There are many priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is paramount/is of paramount importance.

很多事情要優(yōu)先解決，但當(dāng)務(wù)之急是減少預(yù)算赤字。

fortitude

courage?over a?long?period?勇氣，堅(jiān)韌，剛毅

I?thought?she?showed?remarkable?fortitude during that?period.

我認(rèn)為她在那段時期表現(xiàn)出了驚人的勇氣。

bequeath

to?arrange?for?money?or?property?to be given to somebody after?your?death?把…遺贈給Her?father?bequeathed her the?family?fortune?in his will.

她父親在遺囑中寫明將家產(chǎn)傳給她。

fealty

loyalty,?especially?to a?king?or?queen?（對國王或女王）忠誠的，忠心耿耿的

an?oath?of fealty?宣誓效忠

bolt

a?type?of?short?arrow?shot?from a?crossbow?(= a?type?of?weapon)?弩箭；方鏃箭

piety?(also?piousness)

strong?belief?in a?religion?that is?shown?in the way someone?lives?（對宗教）虔誠的

consent

permission?or?agreement?許可，允許；同意

They can't?publish?your?name?without?your?consent.

未經(jīng)你的同意他們不能公布你的名字。