一、單詞

1、amusing /??mju?z??/ adj. 逗人發(fā)笑的，有趣的

=funny

an amusing joke?

an amusing story

amused 有趣的 – NCE1 Lesson 141

amusing 令人覺得有趣的

2、experience /?k?sp??ri?ns/ n. 經(jīng)歷，往事；經(jīng)驗，閱歷；?

① cn. 經(jīng)歷

a pleasant experience

They had many interesting experiences while travelling in Paris.

② un. 經(jīng)驗

She doesn’t have much work experience.

He is a man of great experience. 他是一個經(jīng)驗豐富的人

3、wave /we?v/ v. 揮手；

?n. 海浪；大海（the waves）；

①He waved goodbye to his friends 他向他的朋友揮手再見

Bob waved at the taxi driver to stop.

② wave to sb 向某人招手

Look, she is waving to you. Do you know her?

That policeman’s waving to you. NCE1 Lesson129

4、lift /l?ft/ v. 提起，舉起；抬起（身體某一部位）；?

n.免費搭車，搭便車；

①A give B a lift?(to sw)?

Alan gave me a lift to the subway station.

②take a lift 搭便車 = ask for a lift

③=hitchhike/?h?t?ha?k/ 意思為搭便車??

5、reply /r??pla?/ v. 回答，答復(fù)；

n. （口頭或書面）回答，答復(fù)；

① vi. Kelly asked him a question, but he didn’t reply.?該句中reply可以單獨使用，沒有任何賓語，代表此處的reply是不及物動詞

I will reply to this letter later. 該句reply 后加了介詞再接的的賓語,代表reply在此處是不及物動詞

reply to the email/ letter 回復(fù)郵件/信件

②vt. He didn’t reply a word 該句reply后面直接加賓語，代表reply 是及物動詞

He replied that he didn’t want to say anything.

③n. He made no reply. 他沒有回復(fù)

In reply to the question, he nodded.

6、language /?l??ɡw?d?/ n. 語言，語言文字；

①native language 母語 = mother tongue

②body language 身體語言

7、journey /?d???ni/ n. 旅行，旅程；?

journey 主要指距離比較長的旅行

① take a journey around the world 環(huán)球旅行

A pleasant journey to you!

Dave’s away on a journey. 處于旅行的狀態(tài)

②go on a journey to New York. 去紐約旅行

二、課文和語法

1. After I after left a small village …

此句用的是過去完成時，had done 過去的過去（發(fā)生在過去事情之前）。一般不會單獨使用，通常會和一般過去時一起用，代表過去的之前。描述兩件過去發(fā)生的事情，有先后順序，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時

After I had met an old friend at the café, I went to a bookstore.

When I got to the office, the meeting had already begun.

2. … a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.

in the south of …??in 表示在內(nèi)部

Beijing is in he north of China

The Pacific is on the east of China (on表示接壤)?太平洋在中國的東邊

Japan is to the east of China ( to 表示不接壤)

on adv. 繼續(xù)，向前

She talked on and on about her family 她不停地講她的家庭

We will go on with the text tomorrow.

go on 繼續(xù)

3. On the way …

在路上

on the way to …?在去…的路上

on the way to the airport/the office

on the way home(home是副詞)

4. … he asked me for a lift

ask sb for a lift?= ?take a lift?搭便車

give sb a lift 搭載某人

He got a lift after he went on his journey.

5. As soon as he had got into the car …

as soon as … 一般引導(dǎo)從句，描述前后銜接非常緊密的兩件事。

As soon as I get there, I will meet you.

As soon as Paul got to the office, he told Fred the result.

as soon as 后接的從句表將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來時

get into the car

get out of the car

get on the bus

get off the bus

6. … I said good morning to him in French …

say good morning to sb 向…問好

in prep. + 語言 表示用某種語言作為交際手段

write in Chinese

reply the question in English

表示講某種語言時，可以不加介詞 speak English/Chinese

7. Apart from a few words, …

apart from 除了…

Apart from the poems, he has written a novel.

They all watched the movie, apart from Jane.

近義詞：apart from, except, except for, except that, but, other than, besides, in addition to

1) except 和except for 的賓語都不包括在所論及的事物內(nèi)，但except 所除外的事物和非除外的事物屬于同一類，except for 前后兩事物不屬于同一類，但出現(xiàn)在句首時，必須用except for

You can all go except Tom.

Except for Tom, you can all go.

I feel all right except for a slight headache.

2) except that + 從句 表示“只是…”，“只不過…”

I would like to go with you except that it is too far.

3) but ,other than 與except含義相同，表示除去一部分，后面一般接名詞、代詞和不定式，but最常用于all, no, nobody, who 等詞后，不能放于句首

I had nothing left but ten dollars.

He had no choice but/ other than to wait.

4) besides = in addition to?除…以外，還有…

He can play football besides /in addition to tennis.

5) apart from 具有多種含義，即可表示except, 還可相當于except for, 還可表示besides 用法廣泛。

Apart from his face and hands, he broke both legs.

8. Neither of us spoke during the time.

neither 是限定詞，當限定單數(shù)時，表兩者都不

Neither answer is correct.

Neither of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示兩個都不

Neither of the answers is correct.

neither …nor … 既不…也不… 謂語動詞采用就近原則選擇，就近主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的三單或原形形式

Neither you nor Jack is the right person for this job.

either of 兩個中任意一個，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

both of 兩個都，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)

which of 兩個或更多中的一個，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

9. I had nearly reached the town, …

reach vt. = get to = arrive at /in

10. As I soon learnt, he was English himself.

As … 正如…

As everyone knows, Jim is a nice person.

learn – learnt/learned-learnt/learned?得知，知曉（消息）

I learnt that he had left the company.

11. as 語法 – 劍橋語法書中級Unit116

A. as 作連詞時，表示“在…的同時”

這時as 可表示兩件事同時發(fā)生

We all waved goodbye to Liz as she drove away.(揮手和離開的動作同時發(fā)生)

as+過去進行時表在做某事的過程中發(fā)生了另外一件事

Kate slipped as she was getting off the bus.

也可用just as 表“正當…時”

Just as I sat down, the doorbell rang.

as 也可表示兩件事在一段時間內(nèi)同時發(fā)生

As the day went on, the weather got worse.

as vs when

?as 僅用于兩件事同時發(fā)生，when表兩件事先后發(fā)生

????????As I drove home, I listened to music (at the same time)

????????When I got home, I had something to eat (不用as I got home)

B. as 表 因為

As I was hungry, I decided to find somewhere to eat. ( becase I am hungry)

這時可用since代替as

Since we have plenty of time, let’s go and have a coffee

as 因為 vs when

I couldn’t concat David as he was on holiday.

David’s passport was stolen whe he was on holiday.

12. 反身代詞 -見劍橋中級語法書Unit82-83

1)形式： myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, ourselves, yourselves

2)反身代詞做賓語

一般來說，主語和賓語為同一人時，用反身代詞作賓語

Take good care of yourself.

3)反身代詞起強調(diào)作用

①強調(diào)主語，位于主語之后

Stress itself is not an illness, but prolonged stress can leat to sickness and absence from work.

I repaired it myself.

②強調(diào)賓語,位于賓語后面

He saw Tom himself 他看到湯姆本人了

4) 介詞 + 反身代詞

by oneself 獨自一人 = on one’s own

I went there by myself.

I like living on my own = I like living by meself.

of oneself 自動地，自然而然地

The door opened of itself.

5) feel/relax/concentrate/meet后面不用反身代詞

I feel nervous, I can’t relax.

You must try and concentrate. (不用concentrate yourself)

What time shall we meet? (不用meet ourselves, meet us)

6) -selves vs each other

Kate and Joe stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves.

Kate looked at Joe; Joe looked at Kate; They looked at each other.

each other = one another

How long have you and Ben known each other? = known one another

Sue and Alice don’t like each other = don’t like one another

13. 過去完成時

結(jié)構(gòu)：

????????肯定：had done

????????否定：had not/ hadn’t done

????????一般疑問： had 提句首

用法一： 過去的過去NCE1-L119

兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去，一個在前，一個在后，在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時

描述過去的兩個先后發(fā)生動作其實都可以用一般過去時，只是給人不直觀，不知道哪個動作在前，哪個在后，用過去完成時就可以很直觀表示動作的先后

用法二：過去在A點的發(fā)生的事情，對過去在B點產(chǎn)生了影響

用法三：一個動作從A點持續(xù)或重復(fù)到過B點

三、習(xí)慣用法

drive on to sw.

on the way

ask sb. for a lift

apart from

in French(語言)