同一道美食在不同的地方可能會(huì)有不同的做法。但有些人認(rèn)為，一道菜一定要原汁原味才行，如果聽說了某家餐廳的飯菜 “不夠正宗”，就會(huì)避而遠(yuǎn)之。本期節(jié)目探討為什么人們?cè)谡務(wù)撌澄飼r(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)正宗，以及 “正宗” 的定義到底是什么。

詞匯：food 食物

As a result of trade, travel and migration, different?cuisines?have spread across the world. Many?recipes,?chefs?and?restaurants?try to claim that their example of a particular?culinary tradition?is the most authentic. But is this a good thing?

由于貿(mào)易、旅行和移民，不同的美食在世界各地傳播開來。許多食譜、廚師和餐館都試圖宣稱，他們的特定烹飪傳統(tǒng)是最正宗的。但這是一件好事嗎?

People care about authenticity because?food traditions?are closely linked to identity, particularly for migrant communities. Sociologist and professor of?food studies, Krishnendu Ray, explains that?home cooking?is often the last way that communities can show their identity. British?celebrity chef?Jamie Oliver was accused of trying to take advantage of positive feelings about Jamaica. His?ready meal?product had a Jamaican name, but was unlike genuine Jamaican?cooking.

人們關(guān)心食物的真實(shí)性，因?yàn)槭澄飩鹘y(tǒng)與身份密切相關(guān)，尤其是對(duì)移民社區(qū)而言。社會(huì)學(xué)家和食品研究教授克里希南杜·雷(Krishnendu Ray)解釋說，家庭烹飪通常是社區(qū)展示其身份的最后一種方式。英國(guó)名廚杰米·奧利弗被指控試圖利用人們對(duì)牙買加的積極情緒。他的即食食品有一個(gè)牙買加的名字，但不像真正的牙買加烹飪。

However, food consultant Sara Kay asks whether there are problems with the idea of authenticity. She highlights that these ideas often come from the expectations that majority cultures have about minority cultures and their food. These can be restricting –?restauranteurs?have complained that people expect Asian food to be cheaper than that from European cultures.

然而，食品顧問薩拉·凱(Sara Kay)提出了一個(gè)問題，那就是食品的真實(shí)性是否存在問題。她強(qiáng)調(diào)，這些想法往往來自多數(shù)文化對(duì)少數(shù)文化和他們的食物的期望。這可能是一種限制——餐館老板抱怨說，人們希望亞洲食品比歐洲食品便宜。

Expectations can also give people a false idea of what is authentic. While large cities are full of?eateries?representing different countries – China, India, Italy, Mexico and more – these labels can oversimplify the reality of food from these countries. Stephanie Elizondo Greist was surprised by the difference between?regional specialities?in different parts of Mexico and what she ate growing up as a Mexican-American in Texas, but feels that both are authentic examples of Mexican food.

期望也會(huì)讓人們對(duì)什么是真實(shí)的產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的想法。雖然大城市里到處都是代表不同國(guó)家的餐館——中國(guó)、印度、意大利、墨西哥等等——但這些標(biāo)簽可能會(huì)過度簡(jiǎn)化這些國(guó)家食物的現(xiàn)實(shí)。斯蒂芬妮·埃利桑多·格雷斯特(Stephanie Elizondo Greist)對(duì)墨西哥不同地區(qū)的地方特色菜和她在德克薩斯州長(zhǎng)大的墨西哥裔美國(guó)人吃的東西之間的差異感到驚訝，但她覺得這兩種食物都是地道的墨西哥食物。

A more controversial view of authenticity was stated by American Chef Andrew Zimmern, who claimed that he could bring Chinese?dishes?to Minnesota in a more authentic way than existing restaurants – many of which are owned by Chinese-Americans. Writer and food podcaster Ruth Tam points out that while these restaurants altered their?menus?to suit local tastes, so does Zimmern. So, while food and identity are closely linked, and failure to respect authenticity can cause offence, could there be problems with the whole idea of authenticity?

美國(guó)廚師安德魯·齊默爾恩提出了一個(gè)更有爭(zhēng)議的觀點(diǎn)，他聲稱他可以用比現(xiàn)有餐館更正宗的方式把中國(guó)菜帶到明尼蘇達(dá)州——這些餐館很多都是華裔美國(guó)人開的。作家兼美食播客Ruth Tam指出，雖然這些餐館改變了菜單以適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)厝说目谖叮R默爾恩也是如此。因此，雖然食物和身份密切相關(guān)，不尊重真實(shí)性可能會(huì)引起冒犯，但整個(gè)真實(shí)性的概念是否存在問題?

詞匯表

cuisine?菜肴
recipe 食譜
chef 廚師
restaurant 餐館，餐廳
culinary tradition 烹飪傳統(tǒng)
food tradition 飲食傳統(tǒng)
food studies 食品研究
home cooking?家庭烹飪
celebrity chef?明星大廚
ready meal 即食餐，方便食品
cooking （用特定方法烹制的）飯菜
restauranteur?餐館老板
eatery 小飯館
regional speciality 地方特色菜
dish （一道）菜，菜肴
menu 菜單

測(cè)驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. According to the article, why is food important for migrant communities?

2. True or false??Jamie Oliver made an authentic Jamaican ready meal.

3. True or false??According to the article, authenticity is defined by minority?communities.

4. What example is given of authenticity being restricting?

5. Was the food that Stephanie Elizondo Griest found in Mexico familiar to her?

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1.?The _______ of a country is part of its identity.

chef? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?cuisine? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?menu? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?culinary

2.?All my favourite _______ are made with rice.

bowls? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?cups? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? dishes? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? trays

3. The _______ on our street serves great food.

menu? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eatery? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cooking? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ready meal

4.?If you don't follow the _______ when you're cooking, it won't taste right!

recipe? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? menu? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ingredients? ? ? ? ? ? ? dishes

5. Chefs are often?influenced by different _______ traditions.

culinary? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?cook? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? chef? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?gastronomy

答案

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。?

1. According to the article, why is food important for migrant communities?

According to the article, home cooking is a way for communities to show their identity.

2. True or false??Jamie Oliver made an authentic Jamaican ready meal.

False. The ready meal that Jamie Oliver produced was not like genuine Jamaican cooking.

3. True or false??According to the article, authenticity is defined by minority communities.

According to the article, authenticity is often defined by the expectations of the majority community.

4. What example is given for authenticity being restricting?

The article says that people expect Asian food to be cheaper than that from European cultures.

5. Was the food that Stephanie Elizondo Griest found in Mexico familiar to her?

She was surprised by the difference between the food in different parts of Mexico and what she had grown up with.

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. The?cuisine?of a country is part of its identity.

2.?All my favourite?dishes?are made with rice.

3.?The?eatery?on our street serves great food.

4.?If you don't follow the?recipe?when you're cooking, it won't taste right!

5. Chefs are often?influenced by different?culinary?traditions.

文章來源BBC,侵權(quán)刪。