• jungwoq Hol:?對“形容詞”的思考

qavan pagh?Savan!

眾所周知克林貢語中是沒有形容詞的，這類概念由動詞來表達(dá)。tIn Duj 意/譯為“船很大”，如果將動詞“tIn”移至名詞“Duj”后，此時就成為了 Duj tIn “大船”。但是為什么將這類具有形容詞義的動詞移至名詞后就會“修飾”前面的名詞呢？就在剛不久我好像想明白了這困擾了我自學(xué)時就有的困惑，以防大家也有同樣的困惑就在這里講一下吧。

借用上面的例子，首先我認(rèn)為這不是兩個“詞”，而是一個“詞”（Duj）和一個“句”（tIn）。這很好理解：在克林貢語中，如果一個句子的主語是第三人稱，那么在動詞上就不會有前綴（或帶有?0?前綴）。所以在這里“tIn”的正確翻譯（或字面翻譯或直譯）應(yīng)該是“那很大/它是大的”。因?yàn)槊~“Duj”在句“tIn”前，這就相當(dāng)于指名了“tIn”的邏輯主語是“Duj”。

順著這個思路，我們也可以解釋下面這個句子：Duj tIn vIlegh “我看見（一艘）大船”。這句話直譯過來（或表達(dá)出來的邏輯）應(yīng)該是“有艘船，就挺大的那個，我看見了”。給原句加上標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號應(yīng)該會好理解點(diǎn)：Duj, tIn, vIlegh。也就是說這句話是由一個名詞和兩個分句組成的。

這個思路同樣可以解釋為什么比較級公式是“?A Q?law'?B Q?puS”（A，B為任意兩個不同的名詞，Q 是一形容詞義動詞）而不是“Q A law' Q B puS”并且動詞 Q 必須要重復(fù)兩遍——這本身就是兩個句子，“A Q?law'”和“B Q?puS”。

根據(jù)這個思路，形容詞義動詞對名詞的“修飾”是間接的而并非直接。不過倒是也有方法讓其直接“修飾”名詞：使用由第九類動詞后綴 -bogh 所構(gòu)成的定語從句（或關(guān)聯(lián)從句）。比如說“tInbogh Duj”。（不過一般情況下也沒人會這么說，你要這么用的話別人可能會認(rèn)為你有什么大?。?/span>

因?yàn)榭肆重暼怂麄儾挥脴?biāo)點(diǎn)符號，所以我覺得這個猜想是可行的（

感謝閱讀！也歡迎在評論區(qū)里討論！

DalaDmo'?choquvmoH!?QummeH QaQ bIng!

• DIvI' Hol: Thinking for the "adjective"

qavan pagh Savan!

It is?basic that there is?no adjectives in Klingon but verb instead. tIn Duj means "the ship is big", if we put the verb tIn after the noun Duj, the Duj tIn, it means "the big ship". But why? Why we just?put the verb?after the noun, then the verb can qualify the noun before? Not very long ago I just might thought?out the reason. I will say it out?for?the case of?you have the question which I have since Iearnt Klingon, too.

Let me still use the example above,?I do not think it's ?of two verbs but a noun (Duj) and a sentence (tIn). It's easy to understand: In?Klingon?if the subject is third-person in a sentence, there is no prefix (or the prefix?0) on the verb. So the more currect translation (or literal translation)?in that case is "it is big". Due to the noun Duj before the sentence "tIn", It shows the logical subject for "tIn" is the Duj.?

By this way, we can explain the sentance below:?Duj tIn vIlegh "I see a big ship". It might literally means "the ship which is big, I see it". Perhaps adding?punctuations will be easy to understand:?Duj,?tIn,?vIlegh. So it comtains a noun and two clauses.

And the way also can let us?know why?comparative?formula is "A Q?law'?B?Q?puS (A&B?are two different nouns, Q is the adjective verb)?rather than "Q A?law'?Q B?puS" and why the Q must be said twice, It's the verb of the?two clauses, "A Q?law'" and?"B?Q?puS"!?

Accoring to the words, we are clear the?adjective verb?do qualify?the noun undirectly. But we can have a way let it do directly, by using?ralative clause with the?tybe 9 verb suffix -bogh:?tInbogh?Duj. (but in general no one will speak this way and if you do people will think what's wrong with you)

I think?the cenjective is?right besed on?the Klingons never use the punctuations :)

Thank you for reading and welcome to communicate below!

DalaDmo'?choquvmoH!?QummeH?QaQ?bIng!