Unit 7 The World At War

The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since 1901, it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". The prize has been awarded to individuals like Martin Luther King, Jr., as well as institutions like the International Committee of the Red Cross. The Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death).

諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)是瑞典實(shí)業(yè)家、發(fā)明家、軍火制造商阿爾弗雷德?諾貝爾設(shè)立的五個(gè)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之一，其他獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)包括諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)和文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。自1901年以來(lái)，諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)每年（特例除外）都頒發(fā)給那些“為促進(jìn)民族團(tuán)結(jié)友好、 取消或裁減常備軍隊(duì)以及為和平會(huì)議的組織和宣傳盡到最大努力或作出最大貢獻(xiàn)的人”。諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)既頒發(fā)給像馬丁?路德?金這樣的個(gè)人，也頒發(fā)給像國(guó)際紅十字委員會(huì)這樣的機(jī)構(gòu)。每年12月10日（即諾貝爾的忌日），挪威諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)委員會(huì)的主席在挪威國(guó)王的見(jiàn)證下頒發(fā)諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。

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“和”的觀念在中國(guó)文化中占有重要位置。儒家思想主張“和為貴”，認(rèn)為人們可以通過(guò)完善道德修養(yǎng)把事情處理得恰到好處，營(yíng)造和諧的社會(huì)關(guān)系。不僅儒家，佛、道、墨諸家，也大都主張人與人之間、族群與族群之間的“和”。中國(guó)人為人處事向來(lái)以和為貴，他們知道和睦的人際關(guān)系與和諧的社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)于人的生存和發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。在構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的今天，“和” 的思想顯得更為重要。

"Harmony" is one of the most cherished values in Chinese culture. Confucianism advocates the idea that "Harmony is most precious", believing that with their ethical attainments people can handle affairs properly and create harmonious social relationships. Buddhism, Taoism and Mohism, as well as Confucianism, all advocate a harmonious relationship between people and between ethnic groups. Chinese people have always given priority to a harmonious relation in dealing with people in everyday life, as they know that a harmonious human relationship and society is of vital importance to human survival and development. Today when we're constructing a harmonious society, the idea of harmony has become even more important.

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