紅色：主句主干部分 藍色：從句主干部分 黃色：從句連詞、關(guān)系代詞 （）：修飾成分，包括定語、狀語等 灰色：插入語 下劃線：詞匯詞組 綠色：詞根詞綴

注：筆記跟up所講不完全一致，加入了一些自己的解析，如有錯處歡迎指正。

2021-11-08《經(jīng)濟學人》2022國際旅行形勢預測

思考題：

嘗試總結(jié)本文提到的各大趨勢。

有哪些精彩句型？

• International travel will get easier, but restrictions will remain
• Cross-border travel will probably not recover to pre-covid levels until 2024

cross-border a. 跨境的

cross- 橫跨，穿越

cross-cultural a. 跨文化的

cross-party a. 跨黨派的

pre-covid a. 疫情/新冠前的

pre- 在....之前

post- 在....之后

post-covid/post-pandemic 新冠/疫情后的

• The start of the pandemic was characterised by empty supermarket shelves, as global supply chains creaked （under the strain （of panic buying and the disruption ）（caused by covid-19.）

as引導的原因狀語從句作主句的原因狀語，under the strain作狀語修飾creaked，and連接的并列名詞作定語修飾strain，過去分詞短語caused by covid-19作狀語修飾panic buying和the disruption

pandemic n. 大流行病

epidemic n. 流行病

characterise v. 以....為代表

This election campaign has been characterised by violence.暴力行為已成為這次競選活動的一大特點。

supply chain n. 供應鏈

creak vi. 嘎吱作響

creak under the strain 負擔過重導致效率低下

panic buying/selling 恐慌購買/拋售

• The system soon adjusted. But one shortage that has not been alleviated is that (of international travellers).

第一個that引導的定語從句修飾先行詞one shortage，第二個that代指shortage。

alleviate vt. 減輕，緩和

lev- 輕

wingardium leviosa 漂浮咒（哈利波特）

• Planes are still often half-full at best and many of the world’s airports remain sparsely populated.

本句是由and連接的并列句，兩個并列分句都是簡單句。

at best 充其量（表達樂觀的估計）

sparsely ad. 稀少地

sparse a. 稀少的

sparsely populated 人口稀少的

• International arrivals fell (by nearly 75%) (in 2020), according to the?UN’s World Travel Organisation, (with 1bn fewer people taking trips abroad).

with+ n.+ doing作伴隨狀語

arrival n. 到達者

World Travel Organisation 世界旅游組織

World Tourism Organisation（UNWTO）

• The figures for 2021 are not expected to be much better. But the prospects for 2022 look less gloomy.

prospects n. 前景

注：prospect用作負數(shù)且后面跟介詞for時表示前景，用作單數(shù)且后面跟of表示可能性

glommy a. 黯淡的，悲觀的

• 段落大意：

1、從疫情爆發(fā)之初全球供應鏈的混亂引出文章主題；

2、數(shù)據(jù)佐證疫情爆發(fā)一來國際旅行的蕭條；

3、盡管2021數(shù)據(jù)依然虞姬cantankerous，但2022年前景會更好

• More people will rediscover the pleasures of jumping on a plane to go on a spontaneous city break, attend a long-planned family wedding or take the holiday of a lifetime.

spontaneous a. 心血來潮的

city break n. 在城市度過的小短假

lunch break n. 午餐時間

mini-break n. 短假

chance/experience of a lifetime 終生難遇的機會/經(jīng)歷

• And while executives will continue to spend a lot of time sitting bolt upright in video calls, more will also recline in business-class seats.

sit/stand bolt upright 筆挺地坐著/站著

recline v. 斜，斜躺

recline in/on sth. 斜躺在某處

business class 商務艙

first class 頭等艙

economy class 經(jīng)濟艙

• (In the decades before the pandemic), international travel grew rapidly, (with the number of visitors (to foreign countries) tripling (between 1990 and 2019).

with+ n.+ doing作伴隨狀語

triple vi. 增至原來的三倍

quadruple, quintuple, sextuple=increase fourfold, fivefold, sixfold 增加至原來的四倍、五倍、六倍

• Budget airlines, growing prosperity and more leisure time underpinned this growth. These forces will eventually reassert themselves.

budget a. 廉價的

a budget flight/hotel 廉價航空/廉價酒店

underpin vt. 鞏固，加強

reassert itself 重新發(fā)揮作用

段落大意：

1. 越來越多的人會重新開始使用飛機這種交通工具；
2. 過去幾十年國際旅行發(fā)展迅速，盡管疫情打斷了發(fā)展，但是基本面終歸會回來。

• (Early in the pandemic), most forecasters reckoned that international travel would not recover to the levels (of 2019) (before 2023) (at the earliest), (and more likely in 2024). That still seems a reasonable bet.

that引導的賓語從句作reckon的賓語

forecaster n. 預測者

reckon v. 估計，估算

bet n. 預計，估計

a good/safe bet 有望成功的事

the best bet 最好的方法

• Restrictions (on international jaunts) are still tight and are lifting only slowly.

jaunt n.（短途）旅行

• Even now only three countries—Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico—impose no restrictions on visitors, while 88 countries are still closed completely and many more have draconian policies (in place).

while的意思是“然而；可是”，引導比較狀語從句，從句是由and連接的并列分句。

draconian a. 嚴酷的，嚴厲的

in place 準備就緒

Funding arrangements are already in place. 資金安排已經(jīng)到位。

• But as vaccination rates climb and infections fall, rules will be relaxed and routes will reopen.

• Much of the world’s population was barred from entering the United States until its rules changed (in November).

段落大意：

1. 國際旅行約在2024年前后才能恢復到疫情之前的水平，這個判斷依然合理；
2. 但接種率的上升、感染的減少，將會導致未來相關(guān)政策的放寬。

• The recovery will be uneven.

uneven a. 不均衡的；不公平的；不規(guī)則的

• Domestic travel (in large countries) has already bounced back—America is getting closer to pre-covid levels and China has surpassed them already.

破折號之后的內(nèi)容解釋說明前面的內(nèi)容，them指代pre-covid levels

• Regional travel is picking up.?IATA, an airline-industry body, reckons Europe could be back to nearly four-fifths (of pre-pandemic levels) (in 2022).

pick up 改善，好轉(zhuǎn)，增強

The wind is picking up now. 現(xiàn)在風愈刮愈大了。

IATA(International Air Transport Association) 國際航空運輸協(xié)會

body n. 機構(gòu)

a regulatory/review body 監(jiān)管/評審機構(gòu)

• But Asia’s recovery has been slow and may continue to lag the rest of the world.

lag v. 落后于

lag behind sth./sb. 落后于某事/某人

• Long-haul travel will remain at low levels until vaccinations are more widespread and the plethora of rules and regulations become easier to navigate.

long-haul a. 長途的

long-haul flight 長途飛行

short-haul a. 短途的

plethora n. 過多，過剩

a plethora of sth. 過多的某物

navigate vt. 理解，應付

段落大意：

1. 國際旅行的恢復將會是不均衡的；
2. 大國的國內(nèi)旅行已紛紛接近或超越疫情前水平；
3. 區(qū)域內(nèi)的旅行也在恢復，但亞歐之前存在明顯差距。

• Leisure bookings surge whenever countries lift restrictions (on foreign travel), and unless a new, more dangerous mutation (of covid-19) emerges, that huge pent-up demand will help fill planes again (on short-haul routes).

surge v. 急劇上升，飛漲，激增

mutation n. 變異

mutant a. 變異的

pent-up a. 積壓的

pen vt. 關(guān)起來，圈起來

pen up 被約束、束縛

• Businesses, however, plan to spend less (on travel). Surveys suggest that budgets are typically being cut (by 20-40%).

• The gloomiest prognosticators reckon half (of all business travel) could be gone (for good).

prognosticate vt. 預測

prognosticator n. 預測者=forecaster

for good (and all) 永遠

• Many meetings and conferences will remain virtual, or (at least) take place (in hybrid form) (with far fewer people attending in person).

hybrid a. 混合的，雜交的

in person 親自，現(xiàn)場

段落大意：

休閑旅行與商務旅行的對比

1. 休閑旅行：積壓的需求終會釋放；
2. 商務旅行：可能半數(shù)以上的商務旅行將永久消失。

• Even if a more virulent mutation (of the virus) emerges, (potentially putting everything into reverse again), one type (of globetrotter) will fly (above the lingering dark clouds)—the rich.

even if引導讓步狀語從句，現(xiàn)在分詞putting.....作結(jié)果狀語。破折號后的the rich解釋one type of globetrotter。

virulent a. 致命的，惡性的

virus n. 病毒

put sth. into reverse 使某事逆轉(zhuǎn)

globetrotter n. 環(huán)球旅行者

globetrot v. 環(huán)球旅行者

globetrotting a. 環(huán)球旅行的

lingering a. 揮之不去的

• Soaring demand (for seats (on private jets) is likely to continue as the wealthy sidestep many of the barriers (facing the masses).

as引導原因狀語從句，現(xiàn)在分詞短語facing the masses修飾barriers。

sidestep vt. 回避，規(guī)避（問題）

the masses 群眾，老百姓

• The first eight months (of 2021) saw 2.9m flights (by business jets), (70% more than (in 2020) and a tad higher than (in 2019)), while commercial flights still languish (around 40%) (below pre-pandemic levels), according to WingX, a private-aviation data firm.

a tad n. 一點兒，少量

languish v. 滯留，衰弱

段落大意：

1. 富人的旅行不會受到太多影響；
2. 數(shù)據(jù)反映疫情以來私人飛機的航次大幅增長。

• If that is not exclusive enough, a new covid-free destination took off (in 2021) and is expected to welcome many more visitors (in the coming years).

exclusive a. 獨有的，專享的

covid-free a. 沒有新冠的

-free 無....的

duty-free a. 免稅的

quarantine-free a. 免隔離的

• If you have several hundred thousand dollars (to spare), you can book a ticket (for a flight (to outer space).

段落大意：

作結(jié)：太空旅行可能會是富人們的終極選擇

文章脈絡總結(jié)

思考題

國際旅行的趨勢

• General?(P2/3)

International?travel?will?recover?in?the?long run, but?restrictions?will?remain?in?2022.

• Uneven?recovery?(P4)

Domestic?travel?in?large?countries?has

already?bounced?back?and?regional?travel?is picking?up. But?Asia's?recovery?may?continue to?lag?the?world.

• Leisure?travel?and?business?travel?(P5)

Leisure: Pent-up?demand?will?help?fill?planes; Business: Companies?plan?to?spend?less?on travel.

• The?rich?(P6/7)

Soaring?demand?for?seats?on?private?jets?is likely?to?continue?and?space?tourism?is?a?new destionation.

精彩句型

1. Planes?are?still?often?half-full?at?best?and

many?of?the?world's?airports?remain?sparsely populated.（描述國際旅行的蕭條）

2.More?people?will?rediscover?the?pleasures

of?jumping?on?a?plane?to?go?on?a?spontaneous city?break, attend?a?long-planned?family

wedding?or?take?the?holiday?of?a?lifetime. And while?executives?will?continue?to?spend?a?lot

of?time?sitting?bolt?upright?in?video?calls，

more?will?also?recline?in?business-class?seats.（描述未來旅行的趨勢）

3.Unless?a?new, more?dangerous?mutation?of covid-19?emerges, that?huge?pent-up?demand will?help?fill?planes?again?on?short-haul?routes.（描述積壓的需求對未來旅行的影響）