·單詞

manual adj.????體力的

????·manual work/labor????體力 工作/勞動

? ? ·反義詞：mental adj.????腦力的

????? ? ·mental work/labor????腦力 工作/勞動

????????·相似單詞：spiritual adj.????精神的????????material adj.????物質(zhì)的

????·詞根

? ? ? ? ·man(u) = hand????手

????????????·manufacture v.????（用機器大量）生產(chǎn)，制造

????????????????·biscuit manufacturers????餅干生產(chǎn)廠商

????????????????·soap manufacturers????肥皂生產(chǎn)廠家

????????????·manacle?n.????束縛；手銬?????

????? ? ? ??·manuscript?n.????手稿???????

????????????·emancipate????v.解放

????????????????·emancipate slaves????解放奴隸

????????????????·the emancipation of women????婦女的解放

????????????????·the Emancipation Proclamation????解放黑奴宣言

collar n.????衣領(lǐng)

????·white-collar workers????白領(lǐng)

????·blue-collar workers????藍領(lǐng)

????·collar v.????<非正式>抓住，逮捕

????????·The policeman collared the thief.????警察抓住了小偷

????·本文中搭配 tie，英語中有有趣的單詞

????????·tie????領(lǐng)帶????????tie a tie? ? 打領(lǐng)帶

????????·sigh a sigh????嘆口氣

????????·wish a wish????許個愿

????????·I wished a wish on the star.????我對著星星許了一個愿

????????·dream a dream????做夢

????????·die a glorious death????光榮犧牲

????????·breathe one's last breath????咽氣

sacrifice v.????犧牲，獻出

????·sacrifice ... for ...????犧牲 ...?為了?…

????????·Many women sacrifice their careers for their families.????許多婦女為了家庭而犧牲事業(yè)

????????·Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.????許多人往往愿意犧牲較高的工資來換取成為白領(lǐng)的特權(quán)，這是人之常情

????????·Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.????很少有人愿意犧牲假期時間去享受乘船旅行的樂趣

????????·表達放棄

????????????·give up? ? 放棄? ? ????

????????????·abandon?v.????放棄，拋棄，遺棄

????????????????·abandon ship????放棄船艦

????????????·renounce?v.????正式地宣布放棄某個東西

????????????????·renounce smoking and drinking????戒煙戒酒

????????????·cede?vt.????放棄；割讓（領(lǐng)土）

????????????????·Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War.????香港在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后被割讓給英國

pivilege n.? ? 特殊的好處，特權(quán) (少數(shù)人具備的)

????·enjoy a privilege????享有特權(quán)

????·abuse a privilege????濫用特權(quán)

????·利益的利：right n.????權(quán)利

????????·Education is a right, not a privilege.????教育是一項權(quán)利，而不是特權(quán)

????·have the privilege to do ...????有幸做 …

????????·Today, I have the privilege to speak at this important international forum on behalf of the Chinese government.????今天，我很榮幸代表中國政府在這個重要的國際論壇上發(fā)言

dustman n.????清潔工

corporation n.????公司

????·multinational corporation????跨國公司

????·其它還可以表示公司的單詞

????????·company?n.????公司

????????·firm?n.????公司

????????·business?n.????商業(yè)，公司

????????·concern n.????公司

????·表示企業(yè)的單詞

????????·enterprise

????????????·foreign funded enterprise????外資企業(yè)

????????????·joint-venture enterprise????合資企業(yè)

????????????·state-owned enterprise?(SOE)????國有企業(yè)

????????????·private enterprise????私有企業(yè)

????????????·township enterprise????鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)

overalls n.????工作服

shower n.????淋浴

secret n.????秘密

status n.????地位

·課文講解

????These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as 'white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice?higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

????When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs’, not 'Alf’.

These days, people who do?manual?work often?receive?far?more?money than people who work in?offices.

????·these days????當(dāng)前 = today = nowadays

????????·易混的短語：in those days????想當(dāng)初，在當(dāng)年

????????????·In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.????在那些日子里，拳擊手們?yōu)榱霜劷鸲绞指穸?/p>

????????????·In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.????在那些日子里，到處都歡迎游吟詩人

????·兩個 who 引出的定語從句

????·receive money????賺錢

????????·口語中表示賺錢

????????????·make money????賺錢

????????????·earn money????賺錢

????·far/much/even/still/yet ...????放在比較級之前，表示什么的多

????????·slightly/a little/a bit ...????放在比較級之前，加強或減弱語氣

????·造句練習(xí)：現(xiàn)如今，在娛樂界 (the entertainment field) 工作的人掙的錢往往比在教育行業(yè) (the education sector) 工作的人多得多。

????????·These days, people?who?work in?the entertainment field?often?receive?far?more?money?than people?who toil?in?the education sector.

People who work in offices?are?frequently?referred?to as 'white-collar?workers'?for?the simple?reason?that?they?usually?wear a?collar?and tie to go to work.

????·這里的 People who ...，為 anadiplosis?即頂真;連珠

????????·一生二 二生三 三生萬物????地法天 天法道 道法自然

????????·天下文章數(shù)三江 三江文章數(shù)鄙鄉(xiāng) 鄙鄉(xiāng)文章數(shù)進士 進士跟我學(xué)文章

? ? ? ? ·Our grief has turned to anger, and anger to resolution.????我們的悲傷變成了憤怒，憤怒變成了決心

????????·For glances beget ogles, ogles sighs sighs,?wishes, wishes words, and words a letter.????眼色生媚眼，媚眼生嘆息，愿望生嘆息，愿望生言語，言語生一封信

????????·If you dream it, you can do it; if you do it, you can love it; if you love it, you can enjoy it; if you enjoy it, you can make it.????如果你有夢想，你就能做到;如果你做了，你就會愛上它;如果你愛它，你就能享受它;如果你喜歡，你就能做到

????·refer to ...????提及 ...; 談及 ... = mention .../speak of ...

????????·Please don’t refer to this matter again.????請不要再提這件事了

????????·refer to A as B????把 A?稱為是 B

????????·Call A B???????把?A?稱為是 B

????????????·...?and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs',?not Alf.????其他人會叫他“布洛格斯先生”，而不是阿爾夫

????????????·...?and others will refer?him as 'Mr. Bloggs',?not Alf.

????????·address A as B????把?A?稱為是 B

????????????·Paul: I usually prefer Elizabeth's boyfriends to address me as Mr. Stevens????保羅:我通常更喜歡伊麗莎白的男朋友稱呼我為史蒂文斯先生

????????·know A as B? ? 把?A?稱為是 B

????????????·He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the ltalians as Giovanni Acuto.????他很快就出了名，意大利人都叫他喬瓦尼·阿庫托

????????????·Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.????正因為如此，他們被稱為“職業(yè)拳擊手”

????????????·He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.????我們都稱他為迪基，他的古怪行為早在他死前就已成為傳奇

????·for?the simple?reason = simply because

????????·介詞 + 名詞 + 同位語從句 = 普通從屬連詞 (只用在，作文，閱讀)

????????????·for the reason that ...

????? ? ? ? ·because of the fact that ...

????? ? ? ? ·due to the fact that ...

????? ? ? ? ·on account of the fact that ...

????????????????·以上四個 = because ...

????????????·in spite of the fact that ...

? ??????????·despite the fact that ...

? ??????????????·以上兩個 = although ...

????????????????·Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an observant?visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance.????盡管瓶子呈淡綠色，但細心的參觀者很快就會注意到瓶子里裝的是一種看起來很厚的灰色物質(zhì)

? ? ·造句練習(xí)：大熊貓常常被稱為活化石(living?fossil)，只不過因為它們在世界上已經(jīng)生存了兩億多年了。

????????·Giant pandas?are frequently?referred?to?as 'living?fossil'?for?the simple?reason?that?they have lived?on the earth for over 200 million?years.

Such?is?human?nature,?that a great many people are often?willing?to?sacrifice?higher?pay?for the?privilege?of?becoming white-collar workers.?

????·Such?is?human?nature ????such放句首，需要部分倒裝，be動詞前置

????·that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋 such 人性是什么樣的？

????·nature n.????本性，天性

????????·Excuse me, nature calls.????對不起，本性在呼喚。nature calls 委婉的說法，表示要去上廁所

????????·He is kind by nature.????他生性善良。by nature 生性，天生地

????·Such is human nature that ...????這就是人類的本性 ...

????????·Such is human nature that we all love to get something for nothing.????我們都喜歡不勞而獲，這就是人性

????????????·for nothing????免費地

????????·Such is human nature that we don’t treasure what we have until we lose it.????這就是人性，我們不珍惜我們所擁有的，直到我們失去它

????????????·treasure vt.????珍惜????????????

????????·Human nature is such that a great many people ...????人性就是這樣，很多人 ... (正常語序)

????????·The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.????社會條件是這樣的，技能必須支付，就像在商店里購買商品一樣?(正常語序，如果表示強調(diào) “這就是” 就可以把such放在句子的開頭)

????·be willing to do????愿意，樂意去做

????????·I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that l was willing to pay ￡5.????我搖了搖頭，伸出五個手指，表示我愿意付5英鎊

????????·容易犯錯的翻譯類似的單詞

????????????·be ready to do????樂意，愿意做某事

????????????????·If your order is large enough we are ready to reduce our prices by 5%.????如果你方訂貨量大，我們準(zhǔn)備降價5%

????????????·be prepared to do? ? 樂意，愿意做某事

????????????????·Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.????我真搞不懂為什么人們愿意每天忍受四小時的長途跋涉，就為了能住在鄉(xiāng)下這種值得懷疑的特權(quán)。

????????·與之相對的不愿意做某事

????????????·be unwilling to do????不樂意做某事

????????????·be reluctant to do? ? 勉強，不情愿做某事

????????????????·Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.????雖然一開始他不愿意，但我們最終說服了他帶我們?nèi)?/p>

????·for the?privilege?of ...????為了 ... 的好處

This?can?give?rise?to?curious situations,?as it?did in?the?case?of?Alfred Bloggs who worked as?a?dustman?for the?Ellesmere?Corporation.

????·as 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句

????·give?rise?to sth. (fml.)????導(dǎo)致 ...

????????·The president's absence gave rise to speculations about his health.????總統(tǒng)的缺席引起了人們對他健康狀況的猜測

????????·其他表達導(dǎo)致的單詞

????????????·cause v.????導(dǎo)致

????????????·effect v.?????使發(fā)生；實現(xiàn)；引起

????????????·result in????導(dǎo)致

????????????·bring about????引起，導(dǎo)致

????????????·lead to????導(dǎo)致

????????????·contribute to????有助于，促進；促成某事物

????????????·account for????解釋????A 可以解釋 B，

????????????????·Smoking accounts for cancer.????吸煙導(dǎo)致癌癥

????·in?the?case?of????在 … 實例，案例下

????????·in case of ...????以防，假如某事會發(fā)生

????????·in the event of ...????萬一某事會發(fā)生

????????????·in case of/in the event of bad weather, the wedding wil be held indoors.????如果天氣不好，婚禮將在室內(nèi)舉行

????·as 用在工作職位前；for 用在工作的公司名稱前 (正式場合不用 in 和 at)

????????·I work as an English teacher for New Oriental School.????我在新東方學(xué)校當(dāng)英語老師

????????·Thank you very much for having offered me such a golden opportunity to work as an editor for Designs & Fashions, a best-selling magazine renowned for its extraordinary quality and taste.????非常感謝您給我提供這樣一個千載難逢的機會，讓我擔(dān)任《設(shè)計與時尚》雜志的編輯?！对O(shè)計與時尚》是一本以其卓越的品質(zhì)和品味而聞名的暢銷雜志

????·本劇句型為：觀點 + 例證

?????????· ... (觀點)， as it did/does in the case of ... who ...? ? ? ?
????·造句練習(xí)：壓力(stress) 會導(dǎo)致精神上的一些疾病(mental diseases),正如在通用汽車公司(General Motors)工作的工程師 Mike Johnson 身上發(fā)生的情況一樣。

????????·This?can?give?rise?to?mental disease,?as it?did?in?the?case?of?Mike Johnson who worked?as?a engineer?for?the?General Motors.

When he got?married,?Alf was too?embarrassed?to say anything to?his wife about his job.?

????·get married????結(jié)婚了????????

????????·marry sb.????娶了某人，嫁給某人

????????·be married to sb.????被動嫁給某人

????????????·The girl was married to me.????那個女孩嫁給了我

????????????·The girl was engaged to me.????那個女孩和我訂了婚

He?simply?told?her that he worked for the?Corporation. Every?morning,?he left?home dressed in?a?smart?black?suit.?

????·dressed in????方式狀語

????·be (dressed) in ...????穿著 ... 衣服 (被動)

????????·He was (dressed) in a smart black suit.????他穿著一套漂亮的黑色西裝

????·sb. wear sth.????(主動)

? ? ? ? ·He left home wearing a smart black suit.????他穿著一套漂亮的黑色西裝離開了家

He then?changed into?overalls?and?spent?the next eight?hours as a?dustman.?

????·change??v. (out of ...) (into ...)????換衣服

????????·You'd better change out of the red jacket into a blue one.????你最好把那件紅夾克換成一件藍的?

????·spent ... on sth./(in) doing????把時間花在 某事/做某事 上

????????·I spent a lot of money on food.????我在食物上花了很多錢

????????·I spent a lot of time on homework.????我在家庭作業(yè)上花了很多時間

????????·I spent a lot of time (in) learning English.????我花了很多時間學(xué)英語

????????·I spent my summer vacation in Hainan Province.????我的暑假是在海南省度過的

????? ??·I treasured every minute I spent with your family.????我珍惜和你們家人在一起的每一分鐘

Before returning home at night, he took a?shower?and?changed?back into his suit.

動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

時態(tài)\語態(tài)????????主動????????????????????被動

一般時???????????? doing???????????????????being done????????(一般時，不強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間)

完成時???????????? having done ???????having been done????????(強調(diào)動作比謂語先發(fā)生)

????·returning????主動去回家 (后發(fā)生)

????·分辨動作的先后順序

????????·After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.????泰勒先生盯著陳列品看了幾分鐘后，又回到了他的店里????(gazing 先發(fā)生)?(went back?后發(fā)生)

????????·Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.????起航四天后，泰坦尼克號正航行在北大西洋冰冷的海面上，了望員突然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座巨大的冰山????(gazing 先發(fā)生)

????????·Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.????迪米特里為自己的魯莽行為感到羞愧，他向阿列科道歉，因為他指責(zé)了他?(apologized?后發(fā)生) (having acted 和?having accesed 先發(fā)生)

????????·Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.????其中一個工人裝出嚴(yán)肅的樣子，問他在被帶到車站之前是否可以打個電話?(being taken?后發(fā)生) (make a telephone call 先發(fā)生)

????????·After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit.????戰(zhàn)爭快結(jié)束時，他負傷，被送進醫(yī)院，與部隊分離 (having been wounded 先發(fā)生) (had been sent 后發(fā)生)

????·shower n.????淋浴

????????·bath n.????盆浴

?Alf did this for over two years and his?fellow?dustmen?kept his?secret.

????·fellow adj.????和自己身份一樣的人

????????·fellow actors????同行演員

????????·fellow students????同學(xué)

????????·fellow citizens????同胞

????????·fellow Chinese/Americans ...????中國/美國 同胞們

????????·The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.????獄卒急切地看著，急于想看看他的同伴是否終于學(xué)會了臺詞

????????·In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm.????任何一項研究都是秘密進行的，這自然限制了所有從事研究的人與其他國家、其他大學(xué)、甚至常常是同一公司其他部門的科學(xué)家同行進行有效接觸

????????·We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens.????我們會減少對事實和數(shù)字的重視，而更多地注重良好的記憶力、應(yīng)用心理學(xué)以及一個人與同胞相處的能力。

????????·And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.????因此，我的美國同胞們，不要問國家能為你們做些什么;問問自己能為國家做些什么

????????·表達同事的單詞

????????????·workmate?n.????同事，工友

????????????·colleague?n.????同事，同僚

? ? ????????·associate?n.????同事，伙伴

????????????????·One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.????一天晚上，獄卒決定和他的同事開個玩笑，看看他在表演了這么多場之后，是否已經(jīng)把信的內(nèi)容記住了

?Alf’s wife has?never discovered that she married a dustman?and she never?will,?for?Alf has just found another?job.?

????·that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句

????·, for 引出原因狀語從句

????·has done????過去完成時，will????將來時。即過去的之前，現(xiàn)在到將來這個時間段

????????·I?was, am and will be your friend.????我過去是，現(xiàn)在是，將來也會是你的朋友

He?will soon?be working in an?office.?

????·will be doing????將來完成時，表達一種可預(yù)見性

????????·Professor Wang will be taking charge of our department next Monday.????王教授下周一將負責(zé)我們系

He will?be?earning?only half?as much as?he used?to, but?he?feels?that?his?rise?in?status?is?well?worth?the?loss?of money.?

????·as ... as ...????同級比較

????????·He will?be?earning?only half?as much?as?he used?to (earn).

????????·英語中表達倍數(shù)的三種方式

????????????·1.A is ... times as ... (比錢 much，比大小 big，比長度 long ...?)?as B.????A 是?B 的多少倍????

????????????????·watermelons is ten times as big as?apples.????西瓜是蘋果的十倍大

????????????·2.A is ... times the amount (the number, the size, the length, the width/breadth, the height, the value, the price, etc.) of B.????A?是?B?...?的多少倍

????????????????·watermelons is ten times the size of apples.????西瓜有蘋果十倍大

????????????·3.A is ... times 比較級 than B.????A 比 B ...?... 倍

? ? ????????????·watermelons?is ning?times bigger than?apples.?? ?西瓜比蘋果大九倍，西瓜是蘋果的十倍大

????????????·這個箱子是那個箱子四倍大。

????????????????·1.The box is four times as big as that one.

????????????????·2.The box is four times the size of that one.

????????????????·3.The box is three times bigger than that one.

? ? ·but 引出并列舉

????·that 引出賓語從句

????·rise?in????在某方面的提升

????·be worth sth./doing????值得 某事/做，worth 當(dāng)介詞來使用，沒有主動和被動的變化

????????·be worthy of sth./to do/to be done????值得?某事/做，worthy 是形容詞，可以有主動和被動的變化

????????????·The matter is worth consideration/considering.????這件事值得考慮

????????????·The matter is worthy of consideration/to be considered.????這件事值得考慮?

From now?on,?he?will?wear a suit all?day and?others will?call?him?'Mr.?Bloggs’, not?'Alf’.

????·From now?on????從今往后

????·call sb. names????辱罵某人

????????·Stop calling my father names!????別罵我父親!