Corner Rights 彎道優(yōu)先權(quán)

假設(shè)你僅觀察過少數(shù)GPL*車手的駕駛方式并認(rèn)為彎道優(yōu)先權(quán)應(yīng)是“無論什么情況下我都可以殺出一條自己路，因?yàn)槲矣羞@權(quán)利?！焙芎?，...事實(shí)并非如此。實(shí)際上確有“彎道優(yōu)先權(quán)”存在。這不僅適用于GPL，也適用于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的任何等級的賽車賽事——從福特方程式到一級方程式和這其中的任一賽事?！伴_玩笑！”你可能會說，“你意思是我沒有任何權(quán)利去把我的車塞進(jìn)任何我看的見的空隙？”事實(shí)上不是，你不會這樣做——如果你以這種方式去跑GPL甚至現(xiàn)實(shí)中的任何賽事，你不會成為賽車天才，取而代之的是你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你甚至進(jìn)不了最低級別的賽事。每天在GPL中所見的事在現(xiàn)實(shí)中多是無法容忍的，譬如賽車損毀，花費(fèi)修理，甚至生命受到威脅。

*注：GPL既Grand Prix Legends的縮寫，為Papyrus在20多年前制作的硬核模擬賽車，也是iRacing的祖父（在核心源代碼方面有繼承），為后來的模擬器發(fā)展提供了許多參考。

If you watch the odd few GPL drivers in action you might think the rule for corner rights goes something like, " Whatever piece of ground I can barge my way into I have the right to ". Well, ... not so. There is actually an etiquette for corner rights. Its not just for GPL, or racing sims, but is basically the same for every level of real-world motor racing - from Formula Ford to Formula 1 and everything in between. " What ! ", you say. " You mean I don't have the right to throw my car into any gap I see ? ". Actually no, you don't - and if you raced in any real-world competition the way you may race in GPL, instead of being hailed as a motor racing genius you may find yourself banned from even the lowest levels of the sport. Some of the everyday things you see in GPL simply aren't tolerated where real cars are damaged, real money is the cost of repair, and real lives are at risk.

簡而言之，概念即是，你必須在進(jìn)“入彎點(diǎn)”之前與前車建立“充分的重疊”，使你有權(quán)獲得前車留給你的行駛空間?！俺浞值闹丿B”意味著至少你的“車頭部分”處于前車的范圍內(nèi)——這是最起碼的，很多情況下你需要更多。如果在“入彎點(diǎn)”之前沒有建立任何“重疊”，那么前車有權(quán)使用正常的行車線路而不被影響。

In brief, the concept is, you must establish substantial overlap with the car ahead before a corner's turn-in point to have the right for room to be left for you by the ahead driver. Substantial overlap means at least that the front of your car is up to say the driver's position in the ahead car - and that's at the very least. You probably should have more in many circumstances. The ahead driver has ever right to be fully committed to the racing line of his choice without any interference if there was no overlap before he turned in.

假使在“入彎點(diǎn)”之前建立了“充分的重疊”，那么后車有權(quán)獲得行駛空間。前車仍然可以爭奪名次，不過必須駕駛在相對寬闊的行車線上，提供給后車空間。

If sufficient overlap is established before the turn-in point, then the behind driver has the right to room. The ahead driver can still battle for the place of course but must do so from a wider-out position, leaving room for the behind driver.

從下面這張圖你可以了解為什么在進(jìn)“入彎點(diǎn)”后建立的”重疊”是無效的，在賽規(guī)中是不光榮的行為。事實(shí)上這個無效的”重疊”是在彎中建立的。這與誰比較快或誰延遲剎車無關(guān)。在以下的1、2、3位置，假設(shè)只考慮前方直線（藍(lán)線表示），你會發(fā)現(xiàn) Lotus（綠車）全無”重疊”。而如果你以車的垂直角度（紅線）來看，有一部分”重疊”在位置2上建立，并在位置3上鞏固為“充分的重疊”。然而，這個所謂的”重疊”是完完全全的無效，因?yàn)閷?shí)際 Lotus（綠車）已剎車不及或超速，而后的結(jié)果也如你所見。可悲的是，許多車手認(rèn)為他們這樣做證明了他們是“延遲剎車天才”，而事實(shí)上他們根本沒有“超水平發(fā)揮”相對于其他車手。那只是胡亂幻想，與車手的能力或狀態(tài)無關(guān)。如果他們真的可以比他人延遲剎車，那么他們早在進(jìn)“入彎點(diǎn)”前就應(yīng)該建立了“重疊”，而不是之后才建立。

You can see here why overlap established after the turn-in point isn't really valid and therefore isn't honoured in car racing rules. Its actually false overlap that's created by the turning movements of the cars. Its not due to one being faster than the other or one out-braking the other. In positions? 1,? 2, and? 3, below, you can see that the Lotus has no overlap at all if you consider the straight ahead direction - shown by the blue lines. But if you take a perpendicular from the attitude of the cars, shown by the red lines, there is some overlap at position? ? 2 and substantial overlap at position? 3. This overlap is entirely false of course as the Lotus here hasn't actually out-braked or out-sped the Eagle by any amount what-so-ever - as I hope you can see form this diagram. Unfortunately many drivers think that if they do this they are some kind of out-braking genius, when in fact they are not out-preforming the other driver at all. Its a geometric illusion that has nothing to do with a driver's ability or performance. If they could really out-brake the other, they would have made some overlap before the turn-in point, not after it.

圖片位置說明：

位置1，進(jìn)“入彎點(diǎn)”前無任何“重疊”——因此 Lotus （綠車）無權(quán)要求前車讓出空間并影響到前車（Eagle）的正常行駛路線。
1? Before the turn-in point there's no overlap - therefore the Lotus has no right to room or to interfere with the Eagle's normal racing line in any way.

位置2，但是常常 Lotus （綠車）會認(rèn)為他們有能力“擠進(jìn)”前方的空白區(qū)域，可能這樣做顯示了他們的“賽車天分”。
2? But, as often happens, the Lotus sees this empty zone along the inside and thinks they can zoom up into it, probably believing this to be the move of a talented racing genius.

位置3，在進(jìn)“入彎點(diǎn)”后是有可能建立“重疊”，然而你不能這樣做。
3 Its possible to get apparent overlap after the turn-in point. The point is you shouldn't.

位置4，事實(shí)上 Lotus （綠車）可能達(dá)到他們的目的，逼 Eagle （藍(lán)車）到外道（如果藍(lán)車想避免與之碰撞）。
4? The Lotus may actually achieve their objective, forcing the Eagle out wide, who may actually not press the issue for the sake of not crashing - if they can.

位置5，但是，如果 Eagle （藍(lán)車）不相讓，而是死守線路，這一幕就無法避免了（經(jīng)常發(fā)生）。
5? But, if the Eagle doesn't back away, and holds their line, as they're entitled to do, this is what happens as often as not.??

圖上明確顯示了 Eagle （藍(lán)車）有權(quán)使用正常的行車線路。對于整個內(nèi)彎，Lotus （綠車）沒有任何行駛權(quán)，而是跟在 Eagle （藍(lán)車）后面。當(dāng)然，延遲剎車的車手通常都是去割草了，希望這不會發(fā)生在您的身上。

The issue is that the Eagle has the right to be fully committed to the racing line. In this case, the entire inside area ought to have been a no-go zone for the Lotus, who should have tucked in behind and followed the Eagle around. Of course, late braking barge drivers often end up in the hay bails, hopefully without taking you with them.

在看完以上陳述后，你可能還會疑惑后車從你的內(nèi)線后視鏡里消失的情況。好吧...如果后車在進(jìn)“入彎點(diǎn)”前沒有建立“重疊”，那么他們不應(yīng)該從你的內(nèi)線后視鏡里消失，而是應(yīng)該跟在你的屁股后面。如果他們想要從你的內(nèi)線后視鏡里消失，他們就應(yīng)該在進(jìn)“入彎點(diǎn)”前這么做。如果他們在進(jìn)“入彎點(diǎn)”后從你的內(nèi)線后視鏡里消失，那么你的決定就是關(guān)鍵了：你可以有權(quán)保持行車線并冒險(xiǎn)可能的碰撞，或者慷慨（不情愿）地貢獻(xiàn)你的行車線來避免碰撞。

You may wonder how this reconciles with the above regarding leaving room for cars that disappear up your inside from your mirrors. Well ... If a behind car doesn't have overlap before the turn-in point then they shouldn't disappear up your inside line but stay tucked in behind you. If they want to disappear up your inside line then they should do so before you reach the turn-in point. If they disappear up your inside line after the turn-in point, then its really up to you how you play it. You may decide to enforce your rights and risk a contact, or your may be willing ( reluctantly ) to leave room because you don't want to crash.

有個例外，就是前車在過彎時犯了明顯的失誤。例如：他們剎車太晚沖過彎道頂點(diǎn)并減速。這時后車有權(quán)超越，無論有無預(yù)先存在“重疊”。但是，任何希望超車的車手都要有充分的認(rèn)知，小心行事。

An exception to this is where an ahead driver has clearly made a sufficient error to warrant a passing move. Eg - they brake too late and wash out wide of the apex and have to reduce speed etc. This would be a valid passing opportunity regardless of whether there was pre-existing overlap. However, there is still substantial reasonability on the overtaking driver to take all necessary care.

前車的一點(diǎn)小失誤并不足以讓后車有權(quán)安全通過。因?yàn)榍败嚨囊稽c(diǎn)甩動并不會自動給你空間。你需要自己去判斷適合的時機(jī)來進(jìn)行安全的超越。

Small errors by the ahead driver may not be sufficient to allow a safe passing move however. Just because the ahead drivers gets a bit out of shape at times it doesn't give you an automatic right to room. You still have to judge if their error provides sufficient opportunity for a safe pass to take place.

無論如何，只要有效地“重疊”建立了，那么就可以在彎道內(nèi)與他車并行...

As long as there is genuine overlap, in general , while going through a corner beside another car? ...

行駛在外道的車輛有權(quán)使用整個外部彎道直至出彎，而不被其他車從外部干擾“直至出彎”。

The car on the outside has the right to the outer half of the track all the way around - right up to the exit point.? They should not be squeezed against the outside towards the exit point.

行駛在內(nèi)道的車輛有權(quán)使用整個內(nèi)部彎道直至出彎，而不被其他車從內(nèi)部干擾“直至彎道頂點(diǎn)”。

The car on the inside has the right to the inside half of the track all the way around - right up to the exit point.? They should not be squeezed against the inside towards the apex area.

有一點(diǎn)要補(bǔ)充說明，那就是“彎道優(yōu)先權(quán)”不是準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)，會有一些變數(shù)。這里談到的只是基本公認(rèn)的概念。即使在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，擁有完全的可視環(huán)境和感知回饋，無窮的FPS幀率和分辨率，現(xiàn)實(shí)車手也不能完全做到這些，他們也會指責(zé)是另一人的“過失”。

Having said all this, one would have to add that corner rights is not an exact science. There are some variables. Presented here is just the basic concept of the accepted etiquette. Even in real life, with full vision, full sensory feedback, infinite fps and resolution, its not uncommon for real drivers to come to grief with this - usually saying it was the other guy's fault. With GPLs' huge blind spots its even more hit and miss, often literally. ( You can however simulate real life to the letter by saying it was the other guy's fault ).

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英文原文：http://wiki.grandprixlegends.info/index.php?title=GPL_Recommended_Driver_Behaviour
譯者：3Rs (SV3000)
譯注：此文為十多年前由SV3000（3Rs馬甲）翻譯，文章對于一些糾纏不清的超車問題有詳細(xì)說明，也在之后很多年對國內(nèi)模擬賽事中的規(guī)則制定、車手對于規(guī)則理解有很大幫助。特別是現(xiàn)在賽事越來越多，比賽中常常出現(xiàn)一些有爭議的超車、事故問題，或是暴露出一些賽事中的規(guī)則漏洞。重發(fā)本文，也是希望能讓更多人了解關(guān)于彎道優(yōu)先權(quán)方面的一些公認(rèn)的準(zhǔn)則。

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