社群學(xué)習(xí)在消費(fèi)升級(jí)（upgrade）下的新時(shí)代，在線教育市場(chǎng)變得越來(lái)越成熟，付費(fèi)社 群模式正引領(lǐng)潮流?？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)，付費(fèi)社群學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容具有專業(yè)性、稀缺性和系統(tǒng)性等特 性 。 付 費(fèi) 社 群 模 式 兼 顧 學(xué) 習(xí) 內(nèi) 容 的 深 度 和 系 統(tǒng) 性 ， 因 而 擁 有 更 強(qiáng) 的 用 戶 黏 性（engagement）。一個(gè)好的付費(fèi)社群不僅能在知識(shí)含量上滿足用戶的需求，還能為用戶 提供系統(tǒng)性高質(zhì)量的內(nèi)容。

參考譯文：?

In the new era of consumption upgrades, the online education market is becoming ?increasingly mature, and the paid community model is setting the trend. On the whole, ?learning materials provided by paid communities have distinct characteristics including ?professionalism, scarcity, and being systematic. This model provides users with learning ?materials that are both systematic and concerned with the depth and therefore has stronger ?user engagement. A good paid community can not only meet the needs of users in terms of ?the quantity of the contents, but also provide users with systematically organized conten ts ?of high quality

③ 紅樓夢(mèng)

題目：

《紅樓夢(mèng)》(A Dream of Red Mansions)寫成于 18 世紀(jì)，是中國(guó)著名的古典長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)。 小說(shuō)共計(jì) 120 回，前 80 回的作者是曹雪芹，后 40 回由高鶚完成。通過(guò)對(duì)賈氏封建大 家族(feudal clan)生活的生動(dòng)描述《紅樓夢(mèng)》展示了清朝(the Qing Dynasty)封建社會(huì)的 興衰。小說(shuō)塑造了大量的人物，其中主要人物就將近 40 個(gè)。以該小說(shuō)為題材的藝術(shù) 作品很多，其中最成功的當(dāng)屬 1987 年由王扶林導(dǎo)演的電視連續(xù)劇《紅樓夢(mèng)》。

參考譯文：

Written in the 18th century, A Dream of Red Mansions is a famous Chinese classical novel. In this 120-chapter novel, the first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin and the left 40 ?by Gao E. With vivid descriptions of the life in the big feudal clan of Jia, the novel reveals ?the rise and fall of the feudal society in the Qing Dynasty. The novel shapes a large number ?of characters and nearly forty are considered major ones. A lot of artistic works have been ?produced based on the novel, among which the most successful is the TV series A Dream ?of Red Mansions directed by Wang Fulin in 1987.

④?本草綱目

題目：

《本草綱目》(The Compendium of Materia Medica)是明代（the Ming Dynasty）著名的 醫(yī)學(xué)家李時(shí)珍所著。這部著作近乎 200 萬(wàn)字，記載藥物(medical substance) 1892 種。 除了中草藥（Chinese herhal medicine)，該書也包含了動(dòng)物和礦物質(zhì)作為藥物的記載。 《本草綱目》堪稱中醫(yī)史上最完整的醫(yī)書，對(duì)各種藥物的名稱、氣味、形態(tài)等都做了 詳盡的介紹。它被翻譯成 20 多種語(yǔ)言并在全世界廣為流傳。即便現(xiàn)在，人們還常常 將它用作醫(yī)學(xué)參考書。?

參考譯文：?

The Compendium of Materia Medica is written by Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist ?in the Ming Dynasty. With almost 2million Chinese characters, the book lists 1,892 kinds ?of medical substances. Besides Chinese herbal medicines, it includes animals and minerals ?used as medicinal substances. The Compendium of Materia Medica is regarded as the most ?complete medical book in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Detailed ?introductions of all the medical substances are given in the book, including name, smell, ?APPearance, etc. It has been translated into more than 20languages and spreads all over the ?world. Even now it is still often used as a reference book in medicine.

⑤?元青花瓷

題目：

元代(the Yuan Dynasty)是中國(guó)瓷器(porcelain)發(fā)展史上—個(gè)重要的時(shí)期。基于先前朝 代的燒制技術(shù)景德鎮(zhèn)成功地制作出青花瓷(the blue and white porcelain)。元青花瓷富麗 雄渾，其風(fēng)格與傳統(tǒng)的瓷器大相徑庭。元青花瓷的出現(xiàn)也使景德鎮(zhèn)成為當(dāng)時(shí)世界制瓷 業(yè)的中心。元青花瓷制作精美而且傳世極少，因此異常珍貴。青花瓷的制作在明清兩 朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，其中的精品是許多收藏家的終極目 標(biāo)。?

參考譯文：?

The Yuan Dynasty is a key period in the development of Chinese porcelain industry. Based ?on the firing techniques of former dynasties, the blue and white porcelains had been ?successfully manufactured in Jingdezhen. The blue and white porcelains of the Yuan ?Dynasty are grand and splendid, whose styles are quite different from those of the ?traditional porcelains. The rising of blue and white porcelain in the YuanDynasty also made ?Jingdezhen the center of the porcelain industry in the world at that time. Finely made and ?rarely handed down, the blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty are extremely ?precious. The blue and white porcelains were further developed in the Ming and Qing ?Dynasties. Some fine works are the dream targets for collectors.

⑥?京劇臉譜

題目：

京劇臉譜(the facial makeup of Beijing Opera)是具有民族特色的一種獨(dú)特的化妝方法。 它最大的特點(diǎn)在于借助不同的色彩來(lái)展示人物的性格。臉譜的顏色使觀眾對(duì)人物的善 惡美丑一目了然。通常紅色代表忠誠(chéng)；黑色象征正直；紫色意味公正；黃色喻示殘暴 (brutality)。此外，臉譜還常常帶有圖案(design)來(lái)表述某個(gè)故事，比如后羿臉譜上有九 個(gè)太陽(yáng)，表明他曾經(jīng)用箭射掉了九個(gè)太陽(yáng)。?

參考譯文：?

The facial makeup of Beijing Opera is a unique makeup method with Chinese national ?characteristics. It has the best feature of showing the characters with various colorful facial ?paintings. The audience knows the good or evil character of a role directly based on the ?color of the face. Usually, red represents loyalty; black integrity; purple justice, and yellow ?brutality. In addition, the facial makeup often comes with designs to tell some story. For ?instance, Hou Yi has nine suns painted on his face, indicating that he has ever shot nine ?suns from the sky.

⑦ 麗江古城

題目：

麗江古城有 800 多年的歷史，曾經(jīng)是茶馬古道(the old teahorse road)上的一個(gè)貿(mào)易集 結(jié)點(diǎn)(confluence)。麗江因其有序的水道和橋梁系統(tǒng)而聞名。麗江古城在建筑、歷史 及其原住民納西族(the Naxi people)的文化傳統(tǒng)方面不同于中國(guó)其他古城。古城沿山 脈和河流而建，為我們提供了一個(gè)研究古代建筑的非常珍貴的樣本。獨(dú)特的地理位 置、歷史背景以及多民族的居民，都使麗江成為最特別的古城之一。?

參考譯文：?

The old town of Lijiang has a history of more than 800 years and was once a confluence ?for trade along the old tea horse road. It is famous for its orderly system of waterways and ?bridges. The old town of Lijiang differs from other ancient Chinese cities in architecture, ?history and the culture tradition of its local residents-the Naxi people. The town is built along mountains and rivers, providing us with a very precious sample of the research on ?the old-time architecture. The unique geographical location, historical background and ?multiracial inhabitants make it one of the most special old towns.

⑧ 中國(guó)菜系

題目：

中國(guó)一個(gè)幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國(guó)家，每個(gè)民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐 富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過(guò) 悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、 湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國(guó)的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪 方法區(qū)分的，各有其長(zhǎng)處。?

參考譯文：?

China is a time-honored multi-ethnic nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, ?and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape ?after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, ?cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ?ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly ?known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines”in China are ?characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.

⑨ 二十四節(jié)氣

題目：

24 節(jié)氣(24 solar terms)是統(tǒng)稱，包括 12 節(jié)氣（12 major solar terms)和 12 中氣 (12 ?minor solar terms),它們彼此之間相互關(guān)聯(lián)。24 節(jié)氣反映了天氣變化，指導(dǎo)農(nóng) 業(yè)耕 作，也影響著人們的生活。春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，人們開始使用節(jié)氣作為補(bǔ)充歷法 (calendar)。公元前 104 年，24 節(jié)氣最終確立。眾所周知，中國(guó)是個(gè)有著悠久農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā) 展史的國(guó)家。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)受自然規(guī)律影響極大。在古代，農(nóng)民根據(jù)太陽(yáng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)安排 農(nóng) 業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。24 節(jié)氣考慮到了太陽(yáng)的位置，這就是我們重視它的原因。?

參考譯文：?

The 24 solar terms are the whole name of the system that consists of 12 major solar terms ?and 12 minor solar terms linked with each other. It reflects climate change, guides ?agriculture arrangements, and also affects people's life. In the Spring and Autumn Period ?and the Warring States Period, people began to use solar terms as the supplementary ?calendar. It was in 104 B, C. that the 24 solar terms were finally set down. As we all ?know, China is a country with a long history of agriculture. Agricultural production is ?largely influenced by the laws of nature. In ancient times, farmers arranged their ?agricultural activities according to the move of : the sun. It is the fact that the 24 solar ?terms take into account the position of the sun that makes us attach importance to it.

⑩?宮保雞丁

題目：

宮保雞?。↘ung Pao Chicken)由雞丁、花生和紅辣椒做成，是著名的傳統(tǒng)川菜。這 道菜以晚清時(shí)期的官員丁寶楨的名字命名。據(jù)說(shuō)，丁寶楨很喜歡吃，尤其是 “爆炒 雞丁”。丁寶楨在四川做巡撫(governor)時(shí)，他常常以爆炒雞丁宴請(qǐng)賓客。為了迎合 四川賓客的口味，丁寶楨改良了他最愛的“爆炒雞丁”，加入了紅辣椒。結(jié)果， 辣的 雞丁比以前更美味。丁寶楨后來(lái)被授予“太子少保(Palace Guardian)”的官銜， 也就 是“宮保”。為了紀(jì)念丁寶楨，人們把他最愛的這道菜命名為“宮保雞丁”。?

參考譯文：

Kung Pao Chicken, made with diced chicken, peanuts and chili pepper, is a famous ?traditional Sichuan dish. It was named after Ding Baozhen, a court official in the late ?Qing Dynasty. It is said that Mr.Ding was fond of food, especially “stir-fried diced ?chicken”. While he was governor in Sichuan Province, he often entertained his guests ?with this dish. In order to cater to his Sichuan guests' taste, Ding improved his favorite 公眾號(hào)：斜杠青年王二狗“stir-fried diced chicken” by putting chili pepper into the ingredients. As a result, the dish ?with its spicy flavor was more delicious than ever. Since Ding was later granted the title ?“Palace Guardian”，also called Kung Pao, people named his favorite dish “Kung Pao ?Chicken” in order to commemorate him.