2013年6月四級真題(第2套)

Part I Writing? (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a? brief description? of the picture? and? then? express? your views? on .the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。

1. A． Children should be taught to be more careful.

B． Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.

C． There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.

D． Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.

2.. A． Fitness training.
B． The new job offer.

C． Computer programming.?
D． Directorship of the club.

3. A． He needs to buy a new sweater.
B． He has got to save on fuel bills.

C． The fuel price has skyrocketed.
D． The heating system doesn't work..

4. A． Committing theft.
B． Taking pictures.

C． Window shopping.?
D． Posing for the camera.

5. A． She is taking some medicine.
B． She has not seen a doctor yet.

C． She does not trust the man's advice.
D． She has almost recovered from the cough.

6. A． Pamela's report is not finished as scheduled.
B． Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.

C． Pamela is not good at writing research papers.?
D． Pamela's mistakes could have been avoided.

7. A． In the left-luggage office.
B． At the hotel reception.

C． In a hotel room.
D． At an airport.

8. A． She was an excellent student at college.?
B． She works in the entertainment business.

C． She is fond of telling stories in her speech.
D． She is good at conveying her message.

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Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A． Arranging the woman's appointment with Mr. Romero.

B． Fixing the time for the designer's latest fashion show.

C． Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.

D． Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.

10. A． Her travel to Japan.?

B． The awards ceremony.

C． The proper hairstyle for her new role.

D． When to start the makeup session.

11. A． He is Mr. Romero's agent.?

B． He is an entertainment journalist.

C． He is the woman's assistant.

D． He is a famous movie star.

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Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A． Make an appointment for an interview.

B． Send in an application letter.

C． Fill in an application form.?

D． Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.

13. A． Someone having a college degree in advertising.

B． Someone experienced in business management.

C． Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.

D． Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.

14. A． Travel opportunities.

B． Handsome pay.

C． Prospects for promotion.

D． Flexible working hours.

15. A． It depends on the working hours.?

B． It is about 500 pounds a week.

C． It will be set by the Human Resources.

?D． It is to be negotiated.

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Section B

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。?

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A． To give customers a wider range of choices.

B． To make shoppers see as many items as possible.

C． To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.

D． To save space for more profitable products.

17. A． On the top shelves.?

B． On the bottom shelves.

C． On easily accessible shelves.

D． On clearly marked shelves.

18. A． Many of them buy things on impulse.

B．A few of them are fathers with babies.

C． A majority of them are young couples.?

D． Over 60% of them make shopping lists.

19. A． Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.

B． Sales assistants following customers around.

C． Customers competing for good bargains.?

D． Customers losing all sense of time.

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Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20. A． Teaching mathematics at a school.

B． Doing research in an institute.

C． Studying for a college degree.?

D． Working in a hi-tech company.

21. A． He studied the designs of various clocks.

B． He did experiments on different materials.

C． He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.?

D． He asked different people for their opinions.

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22. A． Its automatic mechaniSm.

B． Its manufacturing process.

C． Its way of waking people up.?

D． Its funny-looking pig face.

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Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A． It is often caused by a change of circumstances.

B． It actually doesn't require any special treatment.

C． It usually appears all of a sudden.

D． It generally lasts for several years.

24. A． They cannot mix well with others.

B． They irrationally annoy their friends.

C． They depend heavily on family members.

D． They blame others for ignoring their needs.

25. A． They lack consistent support from peers.

B． They doubt their own popularity.

C． They were born psychologically weak.

D． They focus too much on themselves.

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Section C

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。

There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (26) ________? in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (27) ________ , never reach the outside world.

Things have done a complete about-face since then. (28) ________? the change has been the astonishingly swift development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another--and for one reason or another--can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (29) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending institutions, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government agencies at the local, state, and (30) ________ level.

A growing number of Americans? are seeing the? accumulation and (31) ________? of

computerized data as a frightening invasion of their privacy. Surveys show that the number of the worrying Americans has been (32) ________?? growing over the years as the computer becomes increasingly (33) ________, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and (34) ________.

In 1970, a national survey showed that 37% of the people questioned felt their privacy was being invaded. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. A recent survey by a credit bureau reviewed that the number of alarmed citizens had (35) ________ to 76%.

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Part III?? Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

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Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the___36_____risk of injury. The human body is designed to wall. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get___37_____benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.

Strength training is another important___38_____of .physical activity. Its purpose is to build and____39____ bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, ___40_____recovery days between sessions.

Finally, flexibility and balance training are___41_____important as the body ages. Aches and pains, are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are___42_____, and simple flexibility training can____43____these by making? muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (潤滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you'll get an idea of how natural it is. The general ?___44_____is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to ___45_____stretch it in an opposite position.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

A． allowing

B． avoidable

C． briefly

D． component

E． determined

F． helping

G． increasingly

H． lowest

I． maintain

J． maximum

K． prevent

L． principle

M． provoke

N． seriously

O． topic

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Section B

Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind?

A． The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they're heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They're also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student's limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester. But the worst part is that print versions of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they're basically stuck with a four pound paperweight that they Can't sell back.

B． Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they've been something like a mirage (幻影) in the distance, more like a hazy (模糊的) dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad ? It Sounds almost too good to be true. But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition (過渡) over to digital books. Universities like Cornell. and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.

?C． But not all were eager to jump aboard. "People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading," says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine's medical program this fall. "They weren't using it as a source of communication because they couldn't read or write in it. So a third of the-people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil." The reason it hasn't caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren't motivated to learn new study behavior.

D． But a new application called Inlding might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it'll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year. "Digital textbooks are not going to catch on," says Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis as he's giving me a demo (演示) over coffee. "What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it's an exact copy of the print book. There's Course Smart, etc., these guys who take an image of the page and put it on a screen. If that's how we're defining digital textbooks, there's no hope of that becoming a mainstream product." He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves .as a skeleton.

E． At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping (觸擊) into the iPad app (應用軟件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks. Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (瀏覽) a few chapters before swiping into afully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks.? "Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos," he says.? "We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform." Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It's a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It's clear why this would be something a music major would love.

F． But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation (批注) system. Here's how it works: When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner's highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading? (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you). But with Inkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here's where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple Inkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their clasSmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then Sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers. As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插話) on discussions. They'll be able to answer" the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive b6ok.

G． Of course, Inkling addresses Several of the other shortcomings in traditional print, as well. Textbook versions are constantly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $2.99.

H． There are, however, challenges.? "It takes efforts to build each book," MacInnis tells me. And it's clear why. Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one. For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don't have such a luxury it's an added layer of cost--and an expensive one at that.

I． But this much is clear: The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won't have a defmite answer for the next few years. However, the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at. least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可觸摸的)， a little less of a dream.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

46. The updated version of Inkling works as a platform for building multimedia Content.

47. Some students in the medical program at the University of California, Irvine still use paper and pencil in class because they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.

48. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital .textbook from the ground up is that it rakes a great .deal of manpower.

49. Though whether digital textbooks will catch on still remain to be seen, the dream has become more tangible.

50. The most interesting part of Inkling's notation system is that one can share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers.

51. Students can only buy certain sections of the textbook rather than the whole one, which lessens students' financial burden.

52. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that they are not reused once a new edition comes out.

53. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high cost of the hardware.

54. A few universities have already started to use digital textbooks in certain courses.

55. Inkling CEO explains that the problem with Course Smart's current digital textbooks is that they are no more than print versions put on a screen.

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Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

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Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much .of it. Most of us know what we're doing and. yet we do it anyway.So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?

"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖癥) assume .that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and .therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers."In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance? like food--of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."

The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already .sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.

Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. SO why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores?

Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

56. What does the author say about junk food?

A． People should be educated not to eat too much.

B． It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

C． Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

D． It causes more harm than is generally realized..

57. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

A． They should be implemented effectively.?

B． They provide misleading information.

C． They are based on wrong assumptions.?

D． They help people make rational choices.

58. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

A． Few people are able to resist alcohol's temptations.

B． There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

C． Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.

D． Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.

59. What is the purpose of California's rule about alcohol display in gas stations?

A． To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

B． To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

C． To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

D． To get alcohol out of drivers' immediate sight.

60. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

A． Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

B． Enhancing people's awareness of their own health.

C． Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

D． Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.

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Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy (破產(chǎn)) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to "complacency(自滿)," that explanation doesn't acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film--and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera 1975--but in a fateful decision, the comply chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.

It wasn't that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late. Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies bava difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.

Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企業(yè)的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.

Kodak's downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak's decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

61. What do we learn about Kodak?

A． It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

B． It is approaching its downfall.

C． It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

D． It is playing the dominant role in the film market.

62. Why does the author mention Kodak's? invention of the first digital camera?

A． To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B． To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C． To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

D． To show its will to compete with Japan's Fuji Photo.

63. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?

A． They find it costly to give up their existing assets.

B． They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.

C． They are unwilling to invest in new technology.

D． They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

64. What does the author say Kodak's history has become?

A． A burden.

B． A mirror.

C． A joke .

D． A challenge.

65. What was Kodak's fatal mistake?

A． Its blind faith in traditional photography.

B． Its failure to see Fuji Photo's emergence.

C． Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.

D． Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.

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Part IV? Translation (30 minutes)

公務員熱(craze for civil servant jobs)是指越來越多的人參加政府機構招聘考試(recruitment examinations)的社會現(xiàn)象。據(jù)報道，近幾年每年的報考人數(shù)都超過百萬。平均每個崗位有50-60名競爭者，最熱門的職位能達到5000：1。報考公務員的主要是大學畢業(yè)生。他們認為公務員工作輕松穩(wěn)定，收入較高，社會地位也高。另外，就業(yè)難問題也是促使他們做出該選擇的另一個原因。

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。