正文翻譯

ELI5: How don't those engines with start/stop technology (at red lights for example) wear down far quicker than traditional engines?

有啟停功能(例如等紅燈)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是否比傳統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)磨損得更快？

評(píng)論翻譯

Certified_GSD
On top of everyone else's answer, it's important to note the role that the motor oil plays in the process. Motor oil that is at operating temperature and hasn't been broken down allows the metal surfaces inside the engine to almost never touch. The wear goes into the oil and not the metal, the former being much easier to replace than the latter.
When an engine is shut off, the oil is still hot (typical operating temperature is 205°F-220°F depending on the manufacturer/design) and it's continuing to drip and cover all of the metal surfaces such as the pistons, valve springs, etc etc. Starting the engine in this state causes very, very little wear as again, it's the oil taking the wear and not the metal.
Cold, winter starts are when the engine takes the most wear, when the oil is most viscous. Start/Stop systems typically do not kick in when they detect the engine is not at operating temperature or power needs exceed a certain threshold.

重點(diǎn)是要注意機(jī)油在這個(gè)過(guò)程中所起的作用。處于工作溫度且未被分解的機(jī)油可以保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)部的金屬表面幾乎不會(huì)相互接觸。磨損的是機(jī)油而不是金屬，而機(jī)油比發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)更容易更換。
當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)關(guān)閉時(shí)，機(jī)油仍然是熱的(典型的工作溫度是205~220華氏度，96~104攝氏度，取決于制造商和設(shè)計(jì))，它繼續(xù)充滿(mǎn)并覆蓋所有的金屬表面，比如活塞、氣門(mén)彈簧等。在這種狀態(tài)下啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)只會(huì)造成非常非常小的磨損，同樣的，磨損的是機(jī)油而不是金屬。
寒冷的冬季啟動(dòng)是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)磨損最嚴(yán)重的時(shí)候，這時(shí)機(jī)油最粘稠。這時(shí)啟停系統(tǒng)通常不會(huì)啟動(dòng)，因?yàn)殡娔X檢測(cè)到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不在工作溫度或功率需求超過(guò)某一閾值。

i_got_skrimps
So my vehicles that have been sitting much more during the pandemic with drastically lower miles could be worse off than if i had used it normally?
I let the engine warm up before putting it in gear, religiously.
ETA: everybody commenting i don't need to warm up the engine are fundamentally flawed on so many levels. I'm not some no nothing car owner lol I've built engines and know my way around an engine bay.

那么，我的汽車(chē)在疫情期間經(jīng)常閑置，行駛里程大幅降低，可能比我正常使用更糟？
我非常謹(jǐn)慎地讓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)預(yù)熱后才掛上檔位。
編輯：很多評(píng)論說(shuō)我不需要預(yù)熱發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，他們的說(shuō)法都是有問(wèn)題的。

You absolutely should warm it up before driving. Sure, you can drive safely while cold, and it does help warm up faster. However, spirited driving is bad on a cold engine and you have no idea what's going to happen 1 minute down the road. It doesn't take long for it to warm a bit before you drive (unless it's freezing outside). Oil weight when cold vs warm do different things.
Folks, if you have the time, just let it warm before driving. It isn't hard to do and it's better for your engine.

開(kāi)車(chē)前絕對(duì)應(yīng)該熱車(chē)。當(dāng)然，在寒冷天氣，相比原地?zé)彳?chē)，平穩(wěn)駕駛可以讓車(chē)更快熱起來(lái)。但是，激烈駕駛對(duì)冷的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是有害的，你很難判斷什么才算平穩(wěn)。暖車(chē)不需要很久的（除非外面很冷)。在寒冷和溫暖時(shí)，油的重量是不同的。
朋友們，如果你們有時(shí)間，開(kāi)車(chē)前先讓它熱一下。這并不難做到，這對(duì)你的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有好處。

Certified_GSD
So my vehicles that have been sitting much more during the pandemic with drastically lower miles could be worse off than if i had used it normally?
It depends. For most people, that's okay that it sits for a little bit longer. Cars are meant to be driven, and when they sit for a year or more is when it becomes something to be concerned about. As long as it's being driven often enough that you don't need to jump start it, you should be okay because you're keeping the fluids inside moving and not letting the coolant/fuel/oil separate.

——那么，我的汽車(chē)在疫情期間經(jīng)常閑置，行駛里程大幅降低，可能比我正常使用更糟？
視情況而定。對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，它閑置時(shí)間長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)沒(méi)關(guān)系。汽車(chē)本來(lái)就是用來(lái)駕駛的，當(dāng)它們閑置了一年或更久時(shí)，就該注意了。只要經(jīng)常駕駛，保證不需要接電，你的車(chē)應(yīng)該沒(méi)事，因?yàn)槟惚３至藘?nèi)部的液體流動(dòng)，不讓冷卻劑、燃料、機(jī)油分離。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

I let the engine warm up before putting it in gear, religiously.
You may want to start driving sooner. An idle engine won't warm up as fast as a working engine, and you want to get the engine up to operating temperature as soon as possible. Advancements in oil technology have brought motor oils to the point that they're still quite effective for low loads at low temperatures while keeping the engine protected.
You can try this for yourself on a cold winter day: five minutes in an idle car and the heater doesn't really get that much warmer. Five minutes of driving and you'll already start to feel some heat coming through the vents.
On top of that, most vehicles nowadays have electronically controlled thermostats. Your radiator usually doesn't do any work cooling the coolant and it's instead rerouted back into constantly until you're at operating temperature.

——我非常謹(jǐn)慎地讓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)預(yù)熱后才掛上檔位。
你最好盡快開(kāi)車(chē)。怠速發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的預(yù)熱速度不如正常行駛的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)快，你應(yīng)該盡快讓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)達(dá)到工作溫度。石油工業(yè)的進(jìn)步使機(jī)油在低溫低負(fù)荷的情況下仍然非常有效，同時(shí)可以保護(hù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
你可以在寒冷的冬天自己嘗試一下：在怠速汽車(chē)?yán)锎粑宸昼姡訜崞鞑粫?huì)真的變熱。而開(kāi)車(chē)五分鐘，你就會(huì)開(kāi)始感覺(jué)到一些熱度從通風(fēng)口涌來(lái)。
最重要的是，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)汽車(chē)都有電子控制的恒溫器。你的散熱器一般會(huì)原地怠工，直到你的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)達(dá)到工作溫度。

level 5
Certified_GSD
Minimal sitting is okay as long as it's still being driven often enough that the battery (assuming it's in good health) doesn't need to be jumped. Most car batteries can go three to six months without being charged.
This will keep the fluids from separating, which will cause its own issues. You should still change the oil once a year no matter how many or few miles were driven, as oil tends to collect dirt and water. Same with fuel: don't let it sit for longer than a year without fresh fuel, as most fuels are blended with ethanol which attracts water.
You'll want to park the vehicle in a temperature controlled garage, or at least in a covered spot to minimize UV damage to the paint. The former is to have better control over the humidity to hopefully minimize any water retention in the brake fluid.

只要保持足夠頻繁的駕駛，不需要更換電池(假設(shè)電池健康狀況良好)，這樣偶爾閑置是沒(méi)問(wèn)題的。大多數(shù)汽車(chē)電池不充電可以使用三到六個(gè)月。這將防止會(huì)導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的液體分離。不管你開(kāi)的距離有多少，你還是應(yīng)該每年換一次機(jī)油，因?yàn)闄C(jī)油容易積聚灰塵和水。燃料也一樣：在不加新燃料的情況下，不要讓它存放超過(guò)一年，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)燃料都與乙醇混合，會(huì)吸水。
你最好把車(chē)停在恒溫的室內(nèi)停車(chē)場(chǎng)，起碼也是能遮風(fēng)擋雨的地方，免得紫外線(xiàn)損傷車(chē)漆。最好是濕度也是適宜的，這樣可以盡量減少剎車(chē)油吸水。

cynric42
Minimal sitting is okay as long as it's still being driven often enough that the battery (assuming it's in good health) doesn't need to be jumped. Most car batteries can go three to six months without being charged.
This seems rather optimistic, at least with colder temperatures if you are parking outside. I'd consider 2-3 months the uppper limit with all the computers and stuff that is always running in cars these days, even in sleep mode, and would try to move the car maybe once a month or so to be on the safe side. And if you are living somewhere wet or worse, drove in wet or icy conditions with road salt on the ground, your brakes will probably start sticking in a week and may be hard to get moving again after only a few weeks sitting.
I usually try to drive at least every other week and far enough, to really get the engine and exhaust warm and the one time I didn't and my car got snowed in for 2 months, I needed a jump start and my brakes were noticably pitted afterwards.

——只要保持足夠頻繁的駕駛，不需要更換電池(假設(shè)電池健康狀況良好)，這樣偶爾閑置是沒(méi)問(wèn)題的。大多數(shù)汽車(chē)電池不充電可以使用三到六個(gè)月。
似乎過(guò)于樂(lè)觀了，至少在氣溫較低的情況下，如果你把車(chē)停在室外。我認(rèn)為2-3個(gè)月，就是現(xiàn)在這些汽車(chē)上的電腦和設(shè)備的上限了——即使是在睡眠模式下，為了安全起見(jiàn)，我可能會(huì)試著每月動(dòng)一次車(chē)。如果你住在潮濕或更糟糕的地方，在潮濕或結(jié)冰的條件下開(kāi)車(chē)，加上路面上有鹽，你的剎車(chē)可能會(huì)在一周內(nèi)卡住，可能停了幾周就很難開(kāi)動(dòng)了。
我通常至少每隔一周開(kāi)一次車(chē)，開(kāi)足夠遠(yuǎn)，讓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和排氣暖起來(lái)，但有一次我沒(méi)有這樣做，我的車(chē)被雪困了兩個(gè)月，我需要搭電，然后我的剎車(chē)明顯出了故障。